Diagnostic Area-Based Reversible and NonReversible Image Compression for Telemedicine

Applications
K.Rasool Reddy

M.Ramya Harika

M.Tulasidas

Assistant Professor
ECE Department
GEC
Gudivada, India

Assistant Professor
ECE Department
LBCE
Vijayawada, India

Assistant Professor
ECE Department
DHAN
Vijayawada, India

Abstract In present days, the utilization or transmission of

medical photos is demand for numerous applications like
telemedicine, tele-radiology and PACS (Picture archiving and
communication systems) applications. The clinical imagining (CT
or MRI) generates virtual shape of objects of a human body. So
we want to reduce the storage requirement and communication
bandwidth for transmission. There are several techniques are
introduced to reduce the bandwidth of medical images
with/without lack of original content. In telemedicine, it is
necessary to photograph have satisfactory in diagnostic areas.
The main objective of this paper is to reject the noise background
and reconstruct the diagnostic portion losslessly. In this paper,
we're introduce diagnostic area based (Region of interest)
compression method to achieve reversible compression in ROI
with better compression rate compared to different conventional
strategies. The outcome of diagnostic area based compression
method achieved 4.15% higher CR compared to Run Length
coding and 3.74db higher PSNR as compared with arithmetic
coding.
Keywords Medical Imaging; ROI; Non ROI, Reversible and
Non-Reversible compression; Lifting Scheme; SPIHT (Set Partition
in Hierarchical Tree).

I.

INTRODUCTION

Clinical imaging is adversely affect at the analysis of

illnesses like colon most cancers, ulcer/tumor treatments. But,
the quantity of statistics generated by the imaging device is big
around 5GBto 15GB. Therefore managing of such huge
amount of facts for lengthy-time period garage and
transmission is a tough task.
In keeping with World Health Organization (WHO)
telemedicine means alternate of beneficial facts among doctor
and affected person for prognosis, treatment and prevention of
illnesses and accidents. In the field of scientific imaging the
objects in the form of Ultrasound Images, Magnetic Resonance
Imagining (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT) and so forth,
which can be stored in PACS [1] and it's going to take massive
quantity of time to switch the information. We ought to
observe the a few hints to processing such objects [2] and it's
far difficult to manage. Additionally it is difficult to layout a
system if the health practitioner to be had outdoor of the
sanatorium. To overcome those problems we recommend a
gadget that pleasing the needs of affected person with the aid of

offering precise medical services. In that image compression is

one of scheme to reduce garage requirements and
communication bandwidth of medical objects.
Commonly image compression strategies are categorized
into two sorts: reversible and non-reversible compression
strategies. Within the clinical utility state of affairs, nonreversible image compression aren't used due to there may be a
risk of losing a few beneficial records which may additionally
adversely have an effect on the treatment and additionally
dealing with a problems which storing the information.
Therefore in medical applications we are usually prefer
reversible compression techniques [3-4].
In Present days compression strategies are accomplishing
excellent compression ratio if fidelity is negligible. However,
in the field of medical imaging situation doesnt adversely have
an effect on the fidelity of object in particular in diagnostic
vicinity (ROI). In order to conquer such issues introduces a
method that have better compression ratio with good fidelity in
diagnostic vicinity. A diagnostic region primarily based
compression method appears to be good solution for attaining
high compression ratio and good fidelity in diagnostic vicinity.
The diagnostic area (ROI) concept is brought due to the
limitations in reversible and non-reversible compression
techniques. In reversible compression techniques the
compression ratio round 20% - 25%, in which as in nonreversible the compression ratio is excessive [5]. Consequently,
we need a method in an effort to contend with ROI element in
addition to will provide higher compression ratio. The figure 1
is represents the several parts of medical object.

Fig. 1 Several Parts of medical object

The rest of the paper describes as: Section II describes the

proposed method. Section III describes the compression
algorithms. Section IV describes the performance metrics.
Section V describes simulation results of proposed method. In
Section VI describes the conclusion & future scope of
proposed work.
II.

DIAGNOSTIC AREA BASED COMPRESSION

SCHEME

This section describes a proposed compression scheme for

attaining high compression ratio with good fidelity in the
interest region. The figure 2 represents the functional block
diagram of proposed methodology.
Initially seize the medical image from imagining devices
after which carry out the pre-processing operations to get rid
of the noise. Then perform segmentation technique on to
medical image to separate diagnostic and non-diagnostic
place. After that carry out compression algorithms (SPIHT and
Lifting Wavelet Scheme) to reduce the storage requirement
and transmission bandwidth. Subsequently these results are in
comparison with numerous present conventional compression
algorithms like Huffman, arithmetic coding and RLC in
phrases of CR, PSNR
Medical Image

III.

COMPRESSION SCHEMES

In this section describes various reversible and nonreversible compression schemes.

A. Lifting Based Wavelet Transform
The given below figure represents lifting primarily based
wavelet scheme and is implemented through the usage of CDF
9/7 filter. The lifting primarily based wavelet transform is one
among efficient approach for image compression as compared
to other methods because of the following benefits.

It is requires much less number of computations

compared to other traditional wavelet strategies.

It is less difficult to store and process integer numbers

instead of floating numbers Units

In this paper lifting scheme based Haar wavelet

transform is used to perfect reversible image compression.
The lifting scheme based Haar wavelet transform consists
of 3 modules as shown in figure 3
Splitting:
In this, the input image (f) spitted into two parts:

Even-indexed elements of image f

Odd-indexed elements of image f

Prediction:
In the prediction (P) stage obtain the detail part of an
image by predicting the Odd-indexed elements of image f
from Even-indexed elements of image f.

Segmentation

Lifting

Updating:

NonDiagnostic
Area

Diagnostic
Area

Reversible
Compression

NonReversible
Compression

In this module, update the prediction value to obtain

smoothness of the image.
S
SPIHT

Storage
Decompression

Reversible
Diagnostic Area
Based Image
Fig. 2 Functional Block Diagram of Diagnostic area based compression
method

K1

p
2

L1

K2

u
+

L2

Fig. 3 Lifting Based Wavelet Scheme

B. SPIHT (Set Partition in Hierarchy Trees)
SPIHT [6] is one of the best methods compared to other
conventional methods in terms of compression ratio. In fast
decades, the SPIHT was implemented for only non-reversible
data compression. Now merging the Lifting Scheme Based
Haar Wavelet Transform with SPIHT coding technique for
both reversible and non-reversible image compression. The
flowchart of new algorithm shown in given below figure 4.

V.

Medical Image

This section describes the implementation of proposed

algorithm. The simulation results shows that proposed method
provides better result than existing methods. The figure 5
gives the input with size of 256256 with 8 bit resolution. The
figure 6 represents diagnostic (ROI) and non-diagnostic (NonROI) objects of figure 5. After that perform the Lifting scheme
based compression on ROI object and SPIHT Based
compression scheme on Non-ROI objects. The compressed
image is the image which generated at the decoder side after
reconstruction process. Figure 7 represents reconstructed
image of proposed method.

Segmentation

Diagnostic
Area

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

NonDiagnostic
Area
Lifting
Wavelet

Sorting and
Refinement
Pass

Threshold
Value

Fig. 5 Original Image

Inverse
Lifting
Wavelet

Inverse
Lifting
Wavelet
Fig. 4 SPIHT flow chart for both reversible and non-reversible image
compression

IV.

Fig. 6 Diagnostic and Non-diagnostic area objects

PERFORMANCE METRICS

This section describes the performance metrics of image

compression. There are several performance metrics are
available for evaluation of medical image compression. In that
preferred metrics are CR, BPP and PSNR. Let us consider f(x,
y), g(x, y) are input and output (reconstructed) image with
M*N dimensions. Then metrics are
A. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)
= 10

10

(1)

Fig 7. Reconstructed image using Lifting based Wavelets + SPIHT

Where
=

( , ) ( , )

(2)

B. Compression Ratio (CR)

=

(3)

TABLE 1: PERFORMANCE METRICS OF VARIOUS IMAGE

COMPRESSION SCHEMES
Metrics

Huffman

CR (%)

74.08

PSNR
(db)

37.21

Run Length

Arithmetic

Proposed

88.03

72.37

92.18

38.43

40.19

43.93

The table 1 represents comparison of various compression

strategies on Compression ratio (CR) and Peak Signal to Noise
ratio (PSNR). From the simulation results, it is evident that the
proposed method (Lifting + SPIHT) produce better CR and
PSNR when compared to all other compression strategies. The

proposed method achieved 4.15% higher compression ratio

compared to Run Length coding and 3.74db higher PSNR
compared to Arithmetic coding.
VI.

CONCLUSION

Image compression is one of the most widely used

techniques in practical applications where the information
transferred from one community to other community. In this
paper, diagnostic and non- diagnostic area based compression
scheme is implemented. From the simulation results, our
method provides better PSNR and CR when compared with
other traditional strategies like Huffman Compression, RLC
Compression and Arithmetic Compression. In future, this work
is extended for getting better PSNR and CR.
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