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ENTERPRISE
Prepared By:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
STARTING A BUSINESS .................................................................................................................... 3
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STARTING A BUSINESS
Entrepreneur should undertake the task of preparing the business plan personally.
Although outsiders - consultants, accountants, and lawyers - should be tapped for their
advice and expertise, the promoter or the initial top management team should be
responsible for the writing. Personally drafting the plan will enable the entrepreneurs to
think through all aspects of the proposed business and ensure that they are familiar with
all the necessary details, for they will have to make decisions about the new venture
and be responsible for those decisions.
Objectives - The short term and long term objectives of the new business
venture.
Market Analysis - The business plan should dwell upon the prevailing
competitive environment with a view to convincing the investor that his/her
Quality - The quality control measures to be put into place for ensuring quality of
the product/service.
Financial Plans - A new venture must show projected profit and loss statements
and cash flow statements.
Critical Risks - As a legal and moral obligation, the entrepreneur must, in the
business plan, envision risks the investor would be undertaking in case he makes
a choice to invest in your business. This will protect you from civil and criminal
liability.
The nature of business is the most important factor. Businesses providing direct
services like tailors, restaurants and professional services like doctors, lawyers
are generally organised as proprietary concerns. While, businesses requiring
pooling of skills and funds like accounting firms are better organised as
partnerships. Manufacturing organisations of large size are more commonly set
up as private and public companies.
Scale of operations i.e. volume of business (large, medium, small, micro) and
size of the market area (local, national, international).
The volume of risks and liabilities as well as the willingness of the owners to bear
it.
Societies.
Societies It must be registered with the Registrar of Firm & Societies, Law
Department, The Secretariate, Gangtok.
Assessing the size and structure of the market for the products.
Manpower.
List of some of the important organizations who can help in obtaining an idea about the
products and services that can be produced are:
North
Eastern
Handicraft
&
Handlooms
Development
Corporation
Ltd.
(NEHHDC). (http://www.nehhdc.com/)
Micro,
Small
&
Medium
Development
Institutes
(MSME-DI).
(http://dcmsme.gov.in/)
National
Bank
for
Agriculture
and
Rural
Development
(NABARD).
(www.nabard.org/)
advantageous location is that at which the cost of gathering material and fabricating it
plus the cost of distributing the finished product to the customers will be at a minimum.
The choice of location depends on several important factors:
6 Setting up Infrastructure
Setting up of basic infrastructural facilities for commencing business operations
involves:
Land and Construction of Building For acquisition of the plot of land, the
entrepreneur must approach the concerned authority (Municipality, Land
Revenue & Settlement Department). The architectural design of the factory must
be approved by the concerned authority before starting the construction of the
building.
The site must be well connected to the nearest transport network i.e. rail, road or
port.
The availability of the basic amenities like, water, power supply is equally
essential.
Setting up of a good telecom facility for the industry is necessary for the growth
and expansion of the business.
The State and Central Government offers incentives like land and building tax
concessions, providing land at cheaper rates through the Government Agencies to new
and existing entrepreneurs. It also offers concessions in water tariff, power subsidy,
subsidy on generating sets, capital investment subsidy, transport subsidy, insurance
subsidy, incentive for pollution control and quality equipment depending on the location,
size of investment and category of the industry.
If any process or product patent is needed in order to utilize the selected process
technology.
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other hand if too much is ordered too soon, considerable amount of working capital gets
locked up. All this will lead to increased production costs. But proper inventory
management can lead to manageable cash flow situations. For imported raw material
whose lead time are large, proper planning is all the more essential.
Key issues to be considered by the entrepreneur regarding sourcing of raw material are:
Identify the raw material required for manufacturing the desired product.
Compare the prices and get quotation from atleast 3-4 places and also check
whether price is inclusive or exclusive of transportation costs.
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9 Financing a Business
A business firm requires finance to commence its operations, to continue its operations
and for its expansion and growth. Hence, a financial plan needs to be prepared, which
indicates the requirements of finance, sources for raising the finance and the application
of funds. Financial planning for starting a business begins with estimating the total
amount of capital required by the firm for the various need of the business.
9.1 Methods of Raising Capital and its Sources:
Institutions comprising of banks, financial institutions, non banking financial companies
and venture capital companies cater to the diverse financial needs of the industry.
Various schemes are being implemented by various banks and financial institutions to
cater to the financing needs of the MSMEs. A firm may raise funds for different
purposes depending on the time periods ranging from very short to fairly long duration
and the business can be financed by the following means:
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b)
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finance the long-term requirements of business and do not carry any voting
rights.
Trade credit - Firms buy raw materials, components, stores and spare parts on
credit from different suppliers. Generally suppliers grant credit for a period of 3 to
6 months, and thus provide short-term finance to the firm.
Factoring - The amounts due to a firm from customers, on account of credit sale
generally remain outstanding during the period of credit allowed i.e. till the dues
are collected from the debtors. The book debts may be assigned to a bank and
cash realised in advance from the bank. Thus, the responsibility of collecting the
debtors' balance is taken over by the bank on payment of specified charges by
the company.
Bank overdraft and Cash Credit - It is used for meeting short-term financial
requirements. Cash credit refers to an arrangement whereby the commercial
bank allows money to be drawn as advances from time to time within a specified
limit. This facility is granted against the security of goods in stock, or promissory
notes bearing a second signature, or other marketable instruments like
Government bonds. Overdraft is a temporary arrangement with the bank which
permits the firm to overdraw from its current deposit account with the bank up to
a certain limit. The overdraft facility is also granted against securities. The rate of
interest charged on cash credit and overdraft is relatively much higher than the
rate of interest on bank deposits.
Letter of Introduction
Means of finance.
If it is an existing business, audited Balance Sheet, Profit and Loss Account and Cash
Flow Statement of the business or associate firms are to be furnished. Companies
registered under relevant acts should produce the Memorandum and Articles of
Association which contain the above information in detail.
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Work-Life balance.
The Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006
(http://www.and.nic.in/C_charter/indust/msmeact2006.pdf)
The Companies Act, 1956 which regulates all the affairs of a company.
(www.mca.gov.in)
The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 is the legislation for investigation and
settlement of all industrial disputes. (http://labour.nic.in/)
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The Trade Unions Act, 1926 which deals with the registration of trade unions,
their rights, liabilities and responsibilities as well as ensures that their funds are
utilized properly. (http://labour.nic.in/)
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Introduction:
The Government has approved a package of fiscal incentives and other concessions for
the North East Region namely the North East Industrial and Investment Promotion
Policy (NEIIPP), 2007, effective from 1.4.2007, which cover units located anywhere in
the 8 states of NER including Sikkim. All new units as well as existing units which go in
for substantial expansion will be eligible for incentives for a period of ten years from
the date of commencement of commercial production.
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(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Oldage Homes
(v)
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The Service Sector defined under MSME Act-2006 is different from the Service
Sector covered under NEIIPP-07. The entrepreneurs are requested to check
eligibility of the activity under NEIIPP-07 before taking up a project.
The Classification of Service Sector & Manufacturing Sector as per MSME Act is
mentioned below for reference only.
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2.
3.
4.
Coir Board provides financial support for skill upgradation, organising workshop &
seminars, exposure tour and quality improvement programme. Mahila Coir Yojana
(MCY) is the first woman oriented self employment scheme by giving subsidy of
75% of the cost of purchase of ratts to the trained women artisans. For details
please visit http://coirboard.nic.in/
5.
organising
seminar
For
http://handicrafts.nic.in/ahvy/ahvyscheme.doc
6.
7.
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promotion
and
market
development
etc.
For
details
please
visit
http://www.apeda.gov.in
8.
9.
National Horticulture Board (NHB) provides financial support for land development,
cultivation expenses, poly house or shade nets, farm tools etc. For details please
visit http://nhb.gov.in/
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