Pdona Oriental Series No- 9i

PANCARATRAM
A Sanskrit Drama in three Act Attributed to
Critically edited with Introduction, Notes

Bbasa,

and

Translation

by
C. R.

DEVADHAR,

m.a.

Retired Professor of Sanskrit,

Fergusson College, Poona.

Oriental Book Agency,

15,

Shukbawae, Poona-

India

1957 ]

).

[ Rs. 3-12.

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Table of Contents
Pages
JE^refsoe

Introduction
q^isrei

*J>*TR^J

^tf^I

Text

*~

Index of verses

~~

Translation

....

45-47
1-44
1-29

Notes

Appendix

1-12
1- 2
1-44

**

-**

SO
31

ii

32

Preface
In the preface
Cakra, -which was

to

my

first

edition, of

published

the Bhasa-Nataka-

way back

promised a companion volume, giving a

in 1937, 1 had

critical introduc-

a full translation and explanatory notes for each

tion,

of

these plays. This, for one reason or another, could not be

now, though a few plays viz. the Svapna, the

Pratijna, the Garudatta andthetJrubhanga, were published
during the interval. Iamjgl&d, it is* now possible for me
to fulfil partially the pledge I had given to *he public, by
done

uptill

bringing out thesa editions of theMBh. plays .on the plan

previously adverted to. I hope and_ pray that I shall soon
.

have the opportunity and

leisure to bring put the remain-

ing plays.

This edition q{ the

MBh.

plays is'liased tljpon all previ-

ously published editions -and urtraiifelating and annotating

I have freely drawn upon them. M.

Ganapatisastri's
commentaries, Woolner and Sarup's translation, and the
learned articles of Dr. Winternitz,

Meerwarth, Dr. G.

& Bhat,

Dr Sukthankar,

Prof G.

G. Jhala, Dr.

A. M.
Pusal-

magnum opus on Bhasa and P. 0. Roy's translation

the MBh,, and many other works, too numerous to men-

kar's
of

here, have been liberally laid under contribution

and I here make my grateful acknowledgements to all these.
I cannot adequately express my gratitude to Dr. B. N.

tion

Sardesai, the present proprietor

of

the

Oriental

Book

Agency, Poona, for his readiness to undertake the publication of these volumes in the Poona Oriental Series. My
thanks are also due to Shri M. S. Sathe, the Manager of the

PrajSa Press, Wai, for the very nice printing and get-up
of the work.

Prabhakara Niketana,
Decean Gymkhana Colony, Poona
20

Dec 1956

")

C. R.

Devadhtr

Pancaratram Introduction
:

The

title

of the play

and

its

Sources

The title of the play is derived from "Five Nights"

within which Droua is to bring news of the Pandavas to
entitle them to their share of the kingdom according to
Duryodhana's stipulation. The plot of the PaScaratra is
based on the fourth book of the Mahabharata - the Virataparvan - a summary of which is found in the following
siokas of the Parvasamgrahaparvan

ntq^sr

fro^r

f^mwraf

rant:

^r: d r^o

^\n^\ri ^t%r:

It

\\

ll

Panearatram

At the end of the twelve years of their exile in the

Pandavas go to the capital of Virata, the King
of the ITatsyss, and after depositing their weapons in the
hollow cf a huge Saral tree in the cemeter}', enter the King's

forest the

palace

in various

disgnises-Yudhisthira as the

Brahmin

Kanka, skilled in dice, Bhlma as Ballava, a cook and pugilist,

and Arjtma as Brhannala a creature of no sex in particular, skilled in the art of dance and song. Nakula became
the keeper of the king's horses and
Sahadeva found
service as the head of the keepers of the hundred thousand
cows of the king. Draupadi, as Sairandhri, was employed
by the queen as a "Coiffense."
#

Klcaka, the

powerful commander-in-chief of Virata

and a brother of the queen, conceives a violent passion for

Draupadi and tries to molest her. But Bhlma, as the invisible Gandharva who protects her, avenges the insult by
taking her place in the dancing hall where she had pretended
she would meet him at night, Kicaka is throttled to death
and his corpse mutilated beyond recognition. Draupadi then
calls the keepers of the dancing hall and shows them the
mangled corpse of one who had lusted after other people's
wives and was slain by her Gandharva husband. Kicaka's
kinsmen - the upaklcakas - want to burn Draupadi with
the corpse; but Bhlma plucks up a palm-tree and kills
them. The citizens are afraid of the Gandharvas, the supernatural protectdfcs

of

Dr&upaSi, and the king agrees to

Introduction

deport her, but allows her at her request to stay another

thirteen days at his palace.

The Kauravas, meanwhile,

get

no news

of the

Pandavas

hear the slaughter of the Kicakas, and think this an

btit

At
was agreed
that the Trigarta force should lead the attack from the
South-east and the Kauravas should lead the attack from
excellent opportunity to raid the cattle of the Matsyas.
the suggestion of the king of the Trigartas,

it

the North, a day later.

on the expiry of the thirteenth year of the exile

Pandavas that Susarman, the king of the Trigartas,
seizes Virata's cattle by thousands. A herdsman of Virata
reports to his king of the loss of cattle; Virata with his army
and four Pandavas goes out to meet the raiders. There is
a fierce encounter between the trigarta and Matsya hosts,
which lasted all day long and far into the moonlit night
At last the king of Trigarta takes Virata captive, and plaIt is

of the

him in his car, speedily rushes out of the field. He is,

however, saved by Bhlma who advancing impetuously,
seizes Susarman by the hair and dashes him on the ground.
The Trigarta army, stricken with panic, breaks and flies

cing

Susarman, who is lying unconscious on

bound by Bhima and brought to Yudhisthira
who, however, grants him his life and let him go free.

in all directions.

the ground,

is

The Kauravas, attacking from the North, raid the Matsya

-The chief of the cowherds, greatly affrighted,
rushes into the city and asks Uttara to repulse the enemy
and bring back the cattle. The prince says he would set out
instantly if only some one skilled in the management of
horses becomes his charioteer. Sairandhri recommends

cattle.

Brhannala - the effeminateUancing teacher* and the prince

Pailcaratram

accepts her for Charioteer, Together they drive out of the

city, and as they come near the cemetery, the young prince
sights the

Kuru

host

and having

lost his nerves,

jumps out

of the chariot and runs away pursued by Brhannala, her

long braid and pure red garments fluttering in the air.
Some soldiers in the Kuru army laugh, but the Kauravas
soon guess that the charioteer is Arjuna. Then giving the

reins to the prince, Arjuna undertakes to fight the

enemy

He

himself and takes his weapons from off the

6aml

reveals himself to the prince and prepares to

meet the Kuru

tree.

He

blows his conch, which strikes terror in

Duryodhana then speaks to
Bhisma, Drona and Krpa that the thirteenth year was still
running, and if Arjuna revealed himself before the term of
exile was at an end, then mjist the Pandavas pass another
host in battle.

the hearts of the Kauravas.

twelve years in the woods. Bhisma, however, points out

that everything that the sons of Pandu had promised has

by them. They have now to oppose

in battle the foremost of all wielders of the weapons. He,
therefore, advises Duryodhana to go to Hastinapura with
part of the army and stolen cattle. A long and complicated
struggle ensues, in which Arjuna forces the cattle back and
performing prodigies of valour puts the whole Kuru army
to flight. Then returning to the &ami tree, Arjuna again
conceals his weapons and charges Uttara to take the credit
been exactly

fulfilled

of the fighting and not to betray

victory reaches king Virata

a triumphal reception.

He

him.

The news

of

the

who
is

provides his son Uttara with

then playing a game of dice

with Kanka, and when the latter gives the credit of the
triump to Brhannala, he throws the dice in his face so that
his nose starts bleeding. Sairandhri catches the blood in a
jar.

Uttara andiBrhannala arfTve at the court, but Yudhi-

The

Plot

sthira whispers to the doorkeeper to admit Uttara, as he is

afraid that the sight of his bleeding nose might anger

Arjuna beyond measure. Uttara enters and

facts

about the

under a son

On

tells

the true

battle, carefully concealing Arjuna's identity

of the gods

who

has vanished.

the third day after the battle, the five Pandava

brothers attired in white robes and decked in ornaments

of all kinds, enter the

council

hall

of

Virata and take

their seats on the thrones reserved for kings. King Virata

is

enraged, but Arjuna reveals to him Yudhisthira and

brothers. Uttara supports

of Arjuna.

The king

him and

of the

describes the

his

powers

Matsyas, considering himself

guilty of having offended Yudhisthira,

makes

his peace

with

the Pandavas and offers his daughter to Arjuna, who

accepts her for daughter-in-raw. Then at Upaplavya, a

Matsya town, where the Pandavas have settled, the wedding

of Uttara and Abhimanyu is celebrated with great pomp.
Pancaratratn - The Plot
Act.

After the benedictory stanza in which the

of the principal characters in the

drama are

names

introduced,

the stage-manager hears the praise of the grand sacrifice

performed by Duryodhana. Then three Brahmins come upon

the stage and describe the splendour of Duryodhana's sacrifice, the burning of the sacrificial hall through the rashness
of some lads, who remove the sacrificial fire and throw it
aside even before the sacramental bath which concludes
the sacrifice is performed, and the dying down of that fire
after the hall and the rich sacrificial material are reduced
to cinders. Towards the close of their conversation which
ends the Interlude, the Brahmins announce the entry of
Bhisma, Drona and Durycaftiana followed by 6akuni f Karna

Paficaratram

and the circle of

wish himself and

Ee

princes.

Duryodhana

feels sanctified

pays irs respects

Dions,

to

is

greatly pleased

both in body and mind.

and Bhisma, honours his

assembled vassal

friends and receives the gree lings of the

kings.

He

sacrifice.

him

notices that Ylrata had not

Then

come

to

attend

the

turning to his preceptor Drona, he requests

what he should offer him as sacrificial fee; on

Drona hesitating to mention it, he gives a solemn undertaking that he would offer anything that the preceptor might
be pleased to ask. Drona then asks that he should give half
of his realm to the Pandavas. Sakuni objects and berates
the preceptor saying that it was improper to take advantage
of the situation and deceive, in the name of religion, a
pupil who had guilelessly put his faith in him. Drona is
indignant and an altercation follows; when matters seem
to say

to tike a serious turn,

Bhisma

intercedes and tries to pacify

both Duryodhana and Drona. Duryodhana now takes counsel with his friend Karna and his uncle Sakuni. Sakuni
thea suggests that he should stipulate a condition that if

within five nights Drona brought news of the Pandavas,

he would willingly give one half of his realm to them.

Drona thinks

was an impossible condition. At this

news from Virata explaining his
inability to attend the sacrifice owing to the slaughter of
one hundred Kicakas by an unknown and unarmed person.
Bhisma, shrewdly conjucturing that it must have been the
work of Bhlma, requests Drona to accept the condition.
Bhisma then professes his private feud with Virata and
that

it

juncture a herald brings

proposes a cattle-raid, All

agree and prepare forthwith

march against Virata's capital.

Act Ik The next act opens with a lively bucolic

for the

The cowherds

in the

capital are celebrating

scene.

the king's

The

flot

birth-day with music dance and song, when their festive

by the news of the sudden raid. King
Virata is informed and as he orders his chariot for the

joys are disturbed

fray, he is told that his son Uttara has already gone, riding

the king's chariot driven by Brhannala, to meet the enemy.

Soon word is brought that the Kauravas were put to flight

and that Uttara had triumphantly returned to the city and
was engaged in entering the names of the heroes in the
annals of the state. So Brhannala is summoned to inform
the assembly of the particulars of the battle at length, and
as Brhannala is about to narrate the incidents of the battle,
a herald announces the capture of

med cook

Abhimanyu by

the unar-

serving in the royal kitchen. Brhannala

ed to bring

is

order-

Abhimanyu

to court, and a very lively scene,

comic irony, ensues, until the whole mystery is cleared up by the arrival of Uttara, who reveals that Brhannla
was no other than Arjuna himself who had worsted the
Kaaravas in the fight. Virata is full of gratitude, but feels

full of

much concerned as to the stay of Brhannala in his harem

and offers his daughter Uttara to Arjuna for bride, as if to
requite his services in repulsing the Kaurava onslaught
Arjuna realises the anxiety of Virata and saying that he
regarded all the ladies in the harem with maternal respect,
accepts her as his daughter-in-law. The marriage of Uttara
and Abhimanyu is to be celebrated and Uttara is sent to
Hastinapura

to

invite

Bhlsma and others

to attend

the

nuptials.

Act III. In the third act, the charioteer of Abhimanyu,

has returned to Hastinapura, is narrating to the Kau-

who

ravas
his

how Abhimanyu was

captured by a foot-soldier with

bare hands. While, therefore, Duryodhsna and others

Bancaratr&m

are deliberating

how

to

rescue

Abhimanyu from

his captor,

Bhisma and Drona

infer from the details of the capture

by the charioteer of Abhimanyu that it must be Bhima
that had taken Abhimanyu captive. $akuni, however, doubts

told

and tauntingly says that they might as well say

must have been in reality Arjuna. At this juncture Bhlsma's charioteer enters, informing him that his
banner was shattered by an arrow of the enemy. He produces the arrow on which Arjuna's name is inscribed. Sakuni
all this

that Uttara

unconvinced, and Duryodhana, following him,

upon his actually meeting the Pandava. At this stage
Uttara comes from the court of Virata, bringing from
Tudhisthira a message to BhTsraa that he invited them all to
attend the marriage of Abhimanyu and Uttara, Drona now
approaches Daryodhana and- asks for the fulfilment on his
part of the promise, as he had satisfied the condition precedent Duryodhana solemnly gives to the Pandavas half of
his realm as promised, which makes Drona and othters
is

s:ill

insists

quite happy.

The changes introduced by the dramatist

and critical remarks
That the dramatist has taken unconscionable
with the epic story

Duryodhana gives

is

obvious.

By

liberties

representing

that

Pandavas a legitimate share of

their inheritance, in complete disregard of even the broad
and cardinal facts of the Mahabharata, he excluded every
reason for the epic battle, which is the central point
of the Mahabharata; and in doing so, he has gone against
what he himself has depicted in the other Mahabharata
plays, unless,

to the

of course, the hypothesis of the common

authorship of therMahabharata pfeys is altogether discarded.

Changes and

critical

remarks

Dr. Winternitz observes that Duryodhana's sacrifice

invented, and

the capture of Abhimanyn.

also

so

should, however, be

Parvan contains a

remembered

is

It

Ghosa-Yatra

that the

Vaisnava Yajnawhich Duryodhana

description of the

the Bajasuya performed to celebrate the conquest of the entire earth

by Karna in his behalf. ( Ghosayatra Parvan - Section
XIII Adhyayas 256-257 in the Aranyakar-Parvan ). Abhi-

surpassing even

manyu

is

represented in the play as attending the sacrifice

as Ersria's representative,

and as

fighting on behalf of

the Kauravas in the cattle-raid against his -own father.

Trigarta's attack

suppressed so that the original reason

is

removed. Uttara had gone out in

by Brhartnala and not by the
royal charioteer. This has to be explained as a joke (ii.17).

for Uttara's action

is

his father's chariot driven

Virata

is

own

palace*

The rougher

aspects

the original story are smoothed away, eg. Klcaka's

lity

to

DraupadI, Bhlma's fearsome

slaughter

of

brief allusion

the Upaklcakas,
is

made

to the

and

the

only

Yudhisthira's bleeding nose

similarly the incident

suppressed, Duryodhana's character

more favourable

of

bruta-

slaughter without explaining

it;

of

revenge

are not mentioned;

is

news

celebrating his birth-day, and gets the

of the battle in his

light; but his

is

presented

in

generous gesture towards

all grace when after listening to Sakuni

he feels he had acted rashly and is only too glad to get
out of his agreement by any quibble. Sakuni is his evil

the Pandavas loses

genius as in the original, while Karna,

haughty, insolent and hostile

who

in the epic

is generous and inclined

In the epic the Pandavas throw off their disguise
three or four days after the. cattle raid, but here they,
do so cn the very day. Dr. ^Winternitz observes " Uttara*

is

to peace.

"

Panearatram

10
Virata's son,
either,

but

is

it is

not

much

of a

rather funny

hero in the Mahabharata

when in

the play this prince,

coming straight from the field of battle occupies himself

with recording the exploits of the warrior in the annals
of the state, and Virata on hearing of it, finds that his
son was engaged in a commendable occupation. " Probably
this funny idea is utilised for keeping Uttara away from
the assembly, as otherwise he might have given away
the whole truth and the ironically comic scene,

Abhimanyu does not

recognize his

own

father,

when
would

be excluded. In our play, Virata is much concerned

about the stay of Brhannala ( Arjuna in disguise ) for one
full year in his harem, and to avoid a scandal offers his
daughter Uttara to Arjuna; in the epic, however, it is
Arjuna who argues that he had lived for one whole year
with his daughter, though she had attained the age of
puberty; under these circumstances, the king himself or
other men may, not without reason, entertain suspicion
against him or the princess. " Therefore myself who am
pure and have my senses under control beg of thee thy
daughter for my daughter-in-law thus do I attest her
purity. I am afraid of slander and false accusations.
The cattle raid is found in the epic, but the poet has
:

made

it

motivated as helping Drona to get news of the

Pandavas within the stipulated period. Bhisma professes

his private feud with Virata, and asks the Kauravas to
use Virata's absence from the sacrifice as an excuse for the
cattle-raid. In the epic they

fight

at the suggestion

of

an ally, the king of Trigarta, who on the death of the

mighty Kicaka seeks to wreck vengence on the "king
of the Matsyas for the sufferings and humiliations inflicted
on him by Virata's generalissiito.

Changes and

Thus with

"

critical

remarks

the broad story of the great epic

II

especia-

marriage - for his

background, the poet has suppressed, modified and inven-

lly

the cattle-raid and Abhimanyu's

make

ted a good deal to

comedy. There
is

no

is

of

it

quite

pleasing and heroic

female character, for Brhannala

only Arjuna in disguise, while the cowherd lasses in

the interlude to act II only add to the

group on the

number

of

the

stage.

Ganapatisastri and Prof.- Keith regard the play as a

Samavakara and

though it does not scrupulously

answer to the definition given by Dasarupaka ( IIL 62-67)
in two particulars: it does not concern gods and demons,
and is devoid of Srngara. It is said " Its Heroes are to be
rightly,

twelve in number

and curiously enough the play gives a

twelve characters in the opening stanza.

The merit

of the poet lies in the skill in telling of a battle

indirectly,

list of

and in the

ironical situations

enjoyment

to

the

audience

which are a source of great

who can see through the

disguises.

There is an atmosphere of piety and polite courtesy

about the play which shows strong Brahmanical tendencies.
It is not quite correct to say as

Dr. Winternitz does that

the grand sacrifice of Duryodhana was clearly only invented by the author in order to describe the pageant of a

grand Brahminical ceremony. Here we also find such

sentiments as: " The sacred fire suffers not the common
fire beside it as a

on his

side;

"

i,

twice-born man would not have a $udra

6 ) or " Pouring his whole wealth into

the lap of the Brahmanas, a king should leave his

only to his sons "

( 1.

bow

Paficaratram

12

It is not true, as some critics have remarked, that

only three Pandavas are mentioned; - for all the five are
70) where reference is made to the
and beauty of Madri's sons (iflscl^: *fffi%H ) and

alluded to in (IL
brilliance
also in

IL 54

mim q^ft

=3 *fecf

^\V^\

Dr. Pusalkar thinks that the play was probably written

on the occasion of some sacrifice and hence

to be staged
it

naturally glorifies the institution; while Prof.

holds that the play

special occasion,

may have

Woolner

been written for some

on the ending of a feud in some royal

family, but as to this

we

are completely in the dark.

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11

PANCARATRAM
(

Translation)

At the end of the Benediction, enter ike stage-manager,

THE STAGE-aiANAGEK:- itfay the primeval Being- (dark

like

upon the earth

a cloud, a harbinger

bright and fierce (deeds),

who

of

controls Garuda, the

lord of birds, a tough fighter, dreadful and firm on

the battleground, doing excellent deeds, and present
at sacrifices
(

Moving about

protect

us

make

I shall

).

was

be? Even while I

making Jhis request, I thought, I

audience. Ah, what could

intent on

this request to the noble

it

heard a noise ; well, I will see.

( Behind the scenes )
Qh, this magnificence of the sacrifice of the king of the

Eurus

THE STAGffl-MANAGEE. Well,

I know.
This is the sacrifice, performed by Duryodhana,
the king of Eurus, where is assembled a number
of kings, together with all the ladies of their
harem, drawn by their regard for the king. ( 2 ),

(Exit)

End
(

Then

of the

Prologue.

enter three Brahmins.

ALL- Oh, the magnificence

of

this

sacrifice of the

king of

the Eurus

FIBST-For here,
the spaces round about look as

if

^covered with

the Easa in full bloonf, owing to the remnants of

[1.3-

Pancaratram

2
rice eaten

by Brahmins;

trees lose the

smoke from

all

(these) numerous

fragrance of their flowers in the

oblations

the deer 5 and the lions in the hills

from

killing

so

when

(of the sacrifice

follow suit. ( 3 )

),

tame ) like
around refrain

the tigers are

the king has taken the

vows

the whole world, too, seems to

SECOND:-

Yon speak well.

Agni, the mouth

of the best god, is gratified with

and the excellent Brahmins with wealth;
the birds, too, together with herds of cattle are
content; and so, too, ail men : the world, on every
side, ringing with praises of the king's virtues,
seems now pleased, and through them has surpassed the entire world Gf gods. ( 1
THIBD:- Here these noble Brahmins, whose feet are rubbed
by the siik of king's turbans, whose knowledge is
vast and praiseworthy, who even in old age take
to ever increasing vows, and whose lips, are rich
in Vedic utterances, now move on feebly through
advance of age, as with three legs on account of
their staves, putting their worthy hands upon the
shoulders of their pupils, like some old elephants.(5)

oblations,

ALL:-

0 ye lads,

indeed you must not set fire

ficial hall

to the sacri-

before the completion of the conclud-

ing bath.

KBST:-

fie

they have exhibited their childish pranks;

with its one sacrificial post

having a golden arm; the sacridoes not brook the ordinary fire by its

the ground

here,

alight, appears as
ficial fire

side,

like

a Brahmin a Sudra; the floor of the

) encompassed ( by fire ),

gacrifieal altar, ( although

rrrh 10 ]

English Translation

is but slightly scorched, on account of the green

Kus'a grass ( strewn over it ), while the smoke enters

the

hall of sacrifice

like

a blooming lotus-pond.

SECOND:- it

an elephant

entering

is so.

The

frightened

Brahmins are removing the sacred

fire, as a kinsman is

fire for fear of ordinary

removed from contact with his kin in a family

which has lapsed from the laws of morality. ( 7 )
THIRD:-

This

with ghee

pots ), though sprinkburning owing to the

small remnant o ghee, as a woman whose child
is dead, though wetted with tears, yet, burns for
love of that child. ( 8 ) #
cart, filled

led over with water, is yet

:fibst;-

Tis

so.

burn the sacrificial cart

where the Eusa
grass is dry, burns gradually low owing to the
green turf ( on the spot;; there, blown about by the
This
of

up

leaping

fire,

the

to

world's sovereign lord,

wind, and enveloped in flames, it gradually reaches

the wheel, and circling round the rim of that 'wheel,
looks like

SECOND:- Look

From

the

round disk

of

the Sun,

at this other sight.

the

bottom

frightened by

fire,

of

an

five

anthill,

serpents,

have together dashed out of the

senses, from the

holes, all at once, like the five

body of one who has

THIRD:- See this other

just died.

10

sight.

Like the breath of life from a body, birds have

flown out from the hallows of (yonder ) tree, which

Paficaratram
is

consumed by the

the breeze.

MRST: So

ii-

[ i.

blown about by

sacrificial fire

11

it is.

Through one
its trees

dried-up tree, the whole forest with

in bloom,

rained like a family, "through

is

one wicked member.

shrubs and

12

with

the forest

thickets,

on

as

its

trees,

its heart's

food, to

the fire has run along the Kus'a grass

content,

down

upon

After feasting

to the river, as if to rinse its

mouth,

(13)

8E0OND:- Here this very fire

has gone from tree to tree along the strewn Kus'a
grass and barks

down, as

tree falls

palm

the scorched fruit of the plantain

tree in front,

if

through ripeness; and that

with

combs, burnt for long

Eudra's axe.
!THIRD:-Ah,

great circle of honey-

its

at its roots,

now

dies

man's wrath. The strength

lack of fuel, like the

PIBST:- The fire

like

down

like a good

of fire is lost

through

liberality of a noble person

loss of fortune.

now

down

14

the divine fire

through

falls

15

up the ladle, the bowls, the

fire sticks and grass, as a man, who loses his all
through vice, eats up his minor belongings. ( 16 )
is

eating

SECOND:- This Palas'a tree on the river, with overhanging

hand dipped by the breeze,

branches, with

its

seems

libations of water

to offer

leafy

lost their lives in the forest fire*

IHEBD;- So come along;

Cg3B

let us, too,

OTHEB TWG:- Q^ite right*

to the
(

17

trees that

perform ablutions.

1. 90 ]

English Translation

Sipping water

comes the noble Duryodhana, the king of

the Kurus, preceded by Bhisma and Drona, and
followed by the whole circle of (vassal) kings. And

FIRST:- Ah, here

these citizens, in truth, are urging good-will towards

the Pandavas, as in the course of their conver-

they talk sweetly thus -"Peed with sacri-

sation,

and conquer the earth with thy valour; give

up anger and be kindly to thy own kinsmen," (18)
So come along; we, too shall do honour to the

fice,

Kuru king.
THE OTHEE TWO:- Very

good,

ALL:- Victory, to your honour

(

End
(

Then

Exeunt omnes
of

enter

Viskambha.

Bhisma and Drona.

DBONA:- Duryodhana has, in truth, favoured

ming

these religious rites.

me

in perfor-

For leaving kinsmen

and passing by friends, a pupil's fault

is

laid at the

door of the teacher; for neither father nor mother

is to blame, if they hand over their child to a
preceptor at a very tender age.
BHISMA:- This Duryodhana,

19

)>

by winning wealth,, has

through his love for strife;
infamy
gulped down

attaining

but

now

greatness

after a long time, devoting to religious

and thus becoming a. receptacle of good deeds,

he shines in a ( new ) guise. ( 20 )
( Then enter Duryodhana, Karna and akunu )
rites,

DUBYODHANA:- jjy inner

are contested; the

Self

is

w^ld

full of

has-

faith;

my

elders

conf ideijce in me;

my

1, 21**

Paficaratram

virtues are established, and my imfamy ended.

It is said, " The dead reich heaven *; but that is

heaven is not beyond us in this life, but is

with us here on earth with its manifold fruit. (21)
KABHAt-Son of Gandharl, you have acted but jusly in giving
false;

away

possessions

which were

justly earned. For,

the wealth of warriors depends upon their arrows;

one

who hoards

his wealth for his son is deceived.

king should pour

all his

wealth into the lap of

a priest, and bequeath only his bow to his son, (22)

&AZUNI:- The king of the Angas, whose sins are washed
away by his ablution in the Ganges, speaks well.
KAE^A:-lbsvaku, Saryati, Yayati, Eama, Mandhatr, Nabh.

Nrga and Ambarisa, all these had their treasures and their domains; but they live through
their sacrifices, albeit, their bodies have perished.

aga,

(23)
Bon

of Gandharl,

we

congratulate you

upon the .con-

clusion of the sacrifice.

DURYODHANA:-

am

beholden unto you.

My

teacher, I

salute you.

my

DBONA:- Come, come

son; this

is

not

the

proper

order.

BURYODHANA:- Then which is the proper order

DBOHA:- Does not your honour see ?

human form; for I do

proper form to ignore Bhlsma in

First salute this divinity in

not consider

your
BHiSLiA:-

it

salutations.

You should

your

24

not speak thus. I

am

in

many ways

inferior. For,

I
(

am

born

of

mother, yon, self-born; I live by

the use of ) weapons, you by .forgiveness; you

"

English Translation

1.]

are a Brahmin, and I belong^to a warrior's house;

you are the preceptor, while I am ( at best your
)

preeminent pupil.

DRONA:-Ab,

wiil

the

25

high-souled

hesitate

to disparage

themselves ? Well, son, salute me,

DURYODHANA:- Preceptor, I salute you.

DRONA:- Come, my son. May you thus exert yourself in

many

a ritual bath.

dubyodhana:BHlSiiA:-

am

favoured. Grandpa, I salute you.

Come come, my

grandson.

May

your

spirit

be

ever at peace.

duryodhana:-

am

favoured.

Uncle, I salute you.

SAKUJSI:- Child,

having in a
sacrifices,

like

bring captive

even
DROTSA:-

manner performed

where ample
all

even
!

in his

How fond

26

of strife is this

elders, let us in turn

made, mayesi thou

him to
young warrior

blessings Sakuni urges

DURYODHANA:- Friend Karna,

kinds of

kings in the Eajasuya sacrifice,

like Jarasandha.

How
action

karna:-

gifts are

all

at

the end of salutations

to

exchange friendly confidences,

son of Gandharl,

your limbs have grown thin through the vows of

sacrifice ; would you
bear the pressure of my

embrace ? Well, then I will embrace. I will not^

however, hurt your mind by not addressing it with
kindly words but I am inspired with awe by your
words, which are solemn like those of a royal
$

sage.
(27)
DURYODHA^A;- May you
for me.

always

entertain like thought

I>aiicaratram

BONA:- Son Duryodhana,

here

friend of Indra, come

dubyodhana:- The noble one

my

SHiSMA;- Dnryodhana,

is

Bhismaka,

1.

the dear

to greet yon.
is

welcome. I salnte yon,

grandson, here is Bhuris'rava,

the bolt to gnard the southern country, offering yon

his greetings.

DURYODHANA- You

are welcome, noble sir.

DEONA:- Son Duryodhana, Vasubhadra has sent Abhimanyu to greet your sacrifice, and he is now honouring
you.

&AKOTU:- Child Duryodhana, here

is Sahadeva, the son of

Jarasandha, paying his respects to you.
dttbyodh an A:- Gome, come, child, may you be as valiant

as your father.

ALL.- This whole circle of kings honours you.

DXJBYODHAJSTA:- 1 f eel favoured. Ah,
is

6AKTJNI:- 1

not there,

when

all

is

it

that Virata

other kings have assembled

have sent an envoy

the way.
DTJBYODHANA.- My preceptor,

how

him. I think he

to

is

on

my

spiritual guide,

and

my

teacher of the bow, please to accept a teacher's fee.

DBONA;- Eee

"

you

say.

Well, well, I have a request to

prefer.

DURYODHANA:- How shall a teacher prefer a request

BHISMA:- Oh, where

is

the need

Since

he has drunk the Soma duly offered (by the prince)

such an early age; he enjoys the protection of
the sovereign's parasol, and has won renown; what

at

could be the object, what fruit, what excellence,

in

which a brahmin, the teacher

caste,

could be deficient

? (

28

of

the warrior

1.

30

English Translation

DUEYODHANAL-Yonr honour should command what you

desire.

What may

I do

deona: Son Daryodhana, well, I will tell you.

DURYODHA2U:- Then why should you hesitate ?

am

dearer to you than life and have been instrucby you; I am renowned among brave men
and have undertaken adventures. Say freely what
you desire, what I can give. I hold the mace in my
hand, you will hold everything in the world. ( 29 )
drona; g 0Ilj i w
sp eak presently; but the flow of tears
troubles me.
-AIiL: How even the preceptor is moved to tears
BHis^iA: Daryodhana, my grandson, your labours are in
I

ted

vain.

DUBYODHANA: Who

here

is

entering

HERAiiD:- Victory to his Majesty!

DUBfYODHANA: Bring water.

HEBALD: As

commands. ( Goes out and

Majesty Here is water.

his Majesty

Victory to his

DU r YODHANA:

enters.)

Bring.

Taking the pitcher

My precptor,

will you please wash your face, which has become unclean by falling tears ?
DORNA: Well, well. Let the fulfilment of my desire itself
serve as water to wash the face with.

JDORYODHANA: Alack
If

remembering

my

former wickedness, you feel

( your request ), stretch

that I will decline to grant

forth you hand, hardened

by hundreds of ( blades
is the most effective

of) Sara grass; this water

assurance of

gifts. (

30

[1.3i-

Paficaratram

DBO^A:. Oh, good. I feel assured in my heart. Son, listen.

Share your inheritance with the Pandavas, who
are wandering houseless somewhere, and whose

whereabouts are unknown after the lapse of twelve

years; this is what I beg of you, this is what I
claim as

SAXrais-

ls

sacrificial fee.

troubled
it

taking

Nay, not

31

so-

proper to deceive in the name of religion,

advantage of something which has no

who has

relevance, a pupil

you as

offered

his spiritual guide ?

to give

and

32

put
(
)
DEO^TA: How say you, "deceive in the name of religion " ?
Don't, Oh, &akuni, puffed up through your sovereifaith in

gnty over the Gandhara country, don't judge the

whole world as dishonourable, because "you are so.

Oh,

fie

To

say,

"

Bestow unto your cousins their father's

domain" is forsooth deceit Say which is better-to
give them what they ask, or to leave them to seize
it by force ? ( 33 )
!

ALL:

How by force ?
BHlSMA: Duryodhana,

my

grandson, you have just had the

concluding bath of the sacrifice. Don't listen to

6akuni,

who though

an enemy.

a friend in words,

is in

truth

See, grandson,

Pandavas, with the

daughter of "king
Drupada, wander over the earth with bodies gray
that

the

forest, and that you are averse

them, and they averse to you-all this is ( the
outcome of ) the harsh arrogance of &akunL ( 34 )

with the dust of the

to

DTJRYODHANA^^ell, but I

woftid,

0 my preceptor,

ask

this.

11

English Translation

DRONA:- Speak, my son.

dubyodhana: Why did
.

force, restrain

they,

who

are capable of using

when formerly

their anger,

kingdom was wrested from them and

challenged in the

drona.

open

court

35

their

their pride
)

Well, in this matter you better ask Yudhisthira,

who, in his fondness for gambling, was swindled by.

a pretence

who

of fair play;

forbade

Bhima while he was about

to

lift

up

a pillar of the assembly hall; had that been

hurled on but one ( person ), Sakuni would not
scold us now*

BHlSMA:

36

thing has befallen.

is

DRO^A*.

While we started with one thing,

more

quite a different

preceptor, our present object

important, and not this quarrel.

Let there be no cringing

I would rather have a

quarrel,

BHiSMA: Let the preceptor forbear

they

who

see

my grandson,

are weak, miserable and homeless, seek

with thee and are not haughty

5 thou
and they have affection for thee; say,
woulds't thou take them into the household, or

conciliation

art the eldest

shall they live with the beasts of the forest ? ( 37

jakuni: Let them live (with the beasts of the forest),

KARitfA:

preceptor, forbear. Duryodhana> indeed*.

gets

wild

words

with

of advice,

if

they

are

unpalatable; does not like the praise of excellence in

better

men. All

this

is

ended

please to guar.d the in-

your pupils, for even like an elephant

with numerous faults, he is to be won over with

terest of

softness, alone.

(38)

Pancaratram

.12

DRONA:- Child Karna, Brahminhood

is

spirited.

You have

reminded me
hnmotir. Son Duryodhana, do you recognise
be your master ?

in time. Well, I will follow your

BHiSMA: Now he has begun

tion

irt

the right way.

For

me

to

concilia-

in truth, the medicine for the undisciplined.

is,

DURYODHANA;- Not only mine, you are indeed the master of

my

house.

DBONA:- This, indeed, becomes you. Well, then, son,

yours; and
would
indeed
be
your gain.
if
For, mutual dissensions in high families are composed by the words of those who know the law*

if

I deceive you, the fault will not be

I trouble you, that

(39)
duryodhana:- Well then, I-wish
PRO$ta:- With

With
of

whom would

to take counsel.

you take counsel, my son

Bhisina, Karna, Krpa, or Jayadrath&t the king

Sindhu, or the son of Drona, or Yidura, or

your father or mother ? Speak, my son, with

whom ? ( 40 )
DURYODHANA;- N0 no, with my uncle.
DRONA:- What Sakuni ? Alas Then mine is a lost cause,
!

duryodhana:- Uncle,
come along.

drona^ Well,

please to

come

here. Friend Karna,

I will do this. King of Gandhara* iny child,

come here, please.

fiAKUNIi-Herelam.
DRONA:- My child,

my childish rashfor my harsh words.

old age is prone to anger; forgive

ness,

An embrace

will atone

English Translation

13

BH!SMA:-( to himself)

Here

this preceptor,

is

who

pupil, is beseeching Sakuni;

and

to himself

How

cunning

thus propi-

the preceptor, that

is

through greed to accomplish his

liates

yet

his

he does not give up his crooked nature. (42)

tiated,

gAKUNl:-

out of love for

me

object,

he conci-

( All move about, and sit )

DUBYODHANA:- Uncle, what is your decision regarding the
Pandavas, a half of the kingdom ?

&AKUNI:-

My decision is

that

it

should not be restored,

dubyodhanA:- Uncle should rather

say,

"It should be res-

"

tored.

6AKUNl:-if the kingdom

consult us ?

DUBYODHANA.. My

is

to be restored,

You may give

why

should you

all.

friend, king of the Angas,

you donft say

anythig now.

KABNA:-

What shall

I say

I should not

now

condemn the good feeling of brotherwhich Bama enjoyed, and whieh

liness, the fruit of

Bama

himself entertained.

what

proper and what

is

allies in

times of strife.

DXJBYODHA2jTA :. Uncle, think of

is
(

Ton

43

some

and unfit

strongly

hostile,

Panda vas

shall live there.

alone are to decide

improper; we are your

wretched country,
for

habitation.

The

Sakuni:- Alas,
I will say, there

is

not any such plac;

who could

be stronger than Arjuna ? and crops will grow even

in salty soil, where king Yudhisthira
DUBY0D3AHA;- go bow,

rules.

44

[ 1.45

Paficaratram

11

hand of .my
from my elders,
is binding on this earth. So let it be an impolitic
act, or deceit, whatever it may be; 0 king, I wish
to show that that water was not offered in vain,(45)
fiAKUNl So yon desire to escape the imputation of falseI have already poured water in the
preceptor, which, as I have learnt

hood,

is it

not

DURYODHANA;- That

is so.

akunl- in that case come here. ( Advancing ) 0 preceptor, the honoured king of the Eurus makes this
request to you.

DBONA:

Child, king of Gandhara, say.

&&KUNI: If you bring news of the Pandavas within five
nights, he will give half of the kingdom. So it
rests with you to bring it.
DEONA:-

How

them within

could I bring

five 'nights,

when

they could not be found for twelve years by you,

who were

them

intent to deceive

Better say in

plain words that you would not give.

BHISMA: Duryodhana,

( 46
grandson, duty must be per-

my

formed without trickery.

this

demand

I,

too,

of the preceptor

).

am

pleased with

See,

my grandson,

whether after a year or after hundred years, you

must share with the Pandavas;

good your- promise,

is never falsified.
dttryodhan A: This i s y
DBONA: ( to himself )

therefore,

warrior*, the .word of a

make
Kuru

47

decision.

Through keenness to accomplish my purpose, my

ambition takes the form of .Hanumat, who crossed
the sea and brought aiding of the lost Slta._(.48)-

i."5i]
So,

English Translation

IS

whence conld we get news about the Pand&vas

(

a guard*.

Victory

to

entering )

your

Majesty.

messenger

has

arrived from the city of Virata.

ALL: Usher him quickly.

guard: As you command.
(

entering

^MESSENGER;- Victory to your Majesty.

all.-- Is the king of Virata come ?

MESSENGER:- He is stricken with grief and not coming,

ALL . What is his grief ?
:

messenger:- Listen, your Majesty. The hundred Klcaka

brothers, who were his kinsmep. and always close
to him,
have been killed during the night by some
unknown person with his hands; for the bodies
appear to have been done to death without
weapons.

49

ALL:-

How, death without weapons ?

bhisma:- Ah, how without weapons

Preceptor, agree to

the five nights,

DRONA:-( ^rfe) why?

BHISMA:doing of Bhimasena the puissantarmed. His anger against these hundred brothers
has burst against another hundred. ( SO )

It is clearly the

drona;-

How do you know ?

BHISMA:-

learned

sir,

do not the old bulls recognise

youthful pranks or
calves, gambolling

the.

the marks of the horns of

on *iver banks ? *( 51

16

Paficaratratrl

DR02TA _ Ah, bulls indeed

:

Son Duryodhana,
DURYODHiLNA:- All
DR03TA:-

Ye

Oh,
let

my work

come

to

done

is

aloud

there be those five nights.

right, let there

kings,

tl-

be the five nights.

attend the sacrifice,

harken,

harken ye kings. Here is his honour Duryodhana,

the Kuru king-nay, nay-he and his uncle, would
give half the kingdom, if news of the Pandavas is
brought Is it not so, son ?
DURYODHANA:- You are right.
DRO:srA :-

Think on

&AKTOI; I will

it

twice or thrice.

know

in good time.
DRONA:- So you agree, Bhlsma.
BHiSHA:- ( To himself')

Since the joy of the preceptor, breaking through

his firmness,

may

becomes too

plain, I

be cheated by Duryodhana,

am

afraid,

who

is

he

now

deceived.

(52)
Duryodhana,
my grandson, I ( already )
(
bear a secret grudge against Virata; moreover he
did not come to attend your sacrifice. Let us,
Aloud

therefore, seize his cattle.

Oh, fair-minded Brahmin,

challenged by the sound of chariots, the Pandavas

be enraged; they are possessed of gratitude;

thus ) what we desire rests upon the cattle-raid.

will
(

(53)
(

A GUARD:- Victory

entering

your Majesty ! The chariots ( and

horses are ready for your entry into the city.
to

DURYODHANA _
:

With

these very ch&riots, let us

M once seize

his

-ii]

English Translation
cattle*,

17

the mace, laid at rest during the sacrifice

to my hand again. ( 54 )
my men bring me my chariot.
6aktJTC:_ Bring my elephant.
KARNA:- Bring my chariot here, yoked with steeds

shall

BEONA:_ So

come

let

that are

eager for the onslaught.

BHISMA:-

My mind

impatient to go to the Virata Cityj

is

my

bow.
A1^:- Leave your bow, and stay just here; we will carry
out j our commands. ( 55 )
DROSA.- gon Duryodhana, I desire to see your valour in the
bring quick

battle.

DURYODHANA:- As you

please,

DRONA:-E[i n g of Gandhara,

my

son, in this

cattle-raid let

your chariot take precedence.

&AEUNI:- Excellent

A
(

-:

Capital idea

Exeunt omnes

END OF THE FIRST ACT

ACT
(

II

Then enter an old cowherd,

OLD COWHERD: May my kine be never parted from calves.

May our young cowherd women never be widows.

May

our king Virata be the one sovereign

the earth.

Gome

all

Lord

of

ye cowherd lads and lasses in

holy glee, together with your kine, into the streets

leading to the city-park, that the great king Viratsi

may

give away cows at his birthday festival. I will

be the oldest among them and find out.

Looking

Why does yonder ctov^ perching upoh the withered

PaScaratram

18
tree,

and rubbing

beak against a dead branch

facing the Sun ? Peace peace

its

thereof, croak shrill,

be on us and our herd

of kine. I will play the role

among these and speak

of the seniormost

cowherd boys and girls*

Gomitraka, Gomitraka
Entering

[ ii

Stepping around

to the
)

Ho,

GOMITEAKA;- Uncle, I salute you.

OLD COWHERD - Peace, peace be on us and on our herd of

kine. Gomitraka, let all cowherd lads and lasses

come

in holy glee

together with their

herd into

the streets leading to the city-park, that the great

may

king Virata
festival.

give away cows at his birth-day

Well, Gomitraka, speak to them.

GOMITRAKA;- As you command, uncle. Goraksinika, GhrtaKumbhadatta,

SwaminI, Yrsabhudatta,
pmda,
Mahisadatta, come, come, quick.

They

ALL :

We

all enter. )

salute you, uncle,

OLD COWHERD;- Peace, peace be on us and on our herd of

kine. Let the herd of cows come into the street
leading to the city-park, that the great king Virata

may

give

Meanwhile

away cows
let

at

his

birth-day festival.

us be singing and dancing.

ALL:- As uncle commands.

(

old cowherd..- Hi

They

Hi

all

dance.

Well danced, well sung.

shall also dance.

(

Dances.

ALL;- Hey, uncle hare rises -a cloud of dust.

s

Now

) )

ii.

English Translation

1 ]

19

old COWHERD;- Not only dust, but the din of conches and
drum.
ALL;-o uncle, the Sun is partly visible and partly not, as
*

its

hundred orbs are veiled by

moon by day.

dust, pale like the

light of the

G03liTRAKA

_o uncle,

here are some

men

in horse-chariots

covered by umbrellas white like lumps of curds,

running

through the cowherd quarters

all

these

thieves.

old cowhehd _ Hi,

:

and

girls,

hi,

here are arrows flying. Come, boys

enter your huts quick.

ALL:- As uncle commands.

Exeunt

OLD COWHERD:- Ha,

stop,

ha,

them, seize them.

stop;

We will

strike

strike,

Seize

report this matter to the

great king Virata.

(

End
(

of the introductory scene.

Then enter a

SOLDIER;- Ho, there,

being
ceal

lifted

their

Exit

tell

soldier. )

the great king Virata; for cows are

by the sons of Dhrtarastra, who convalour by doing the work of thieves.

There
the herd of cattle

is

extremely distressed, frigh-

tened by painful bellowings, with calves scamper-

ing and herds of kine in

show

distress,

while the bulls

faces frightened at the sight ( 1

(

What ? By

Behind the scenes

the sons of Dhrtarastra

soldier;- y eS( nQble

sir.

[ii.2~

Paficaratram
Entering

A chamberlain:- This

just like

is

men who

bear malice

even to their brothers.

With bows

with guards for wrists and

strung,

they ride in well-equipped

fingers, clad in mails,

haughty with valour, ready for

chariots,

fight,

well-versed in the use of missiles, and they avenge

on cows their enmity towards the king.

Jayasena, the

who

king,

great

worshipping the stars presiding at

will tell

him an

him

at the

auspicious day.

SOL IBB;- Noble

sir,

engaged in
his birth, will be
is

an untimely announcement
end of the rite of wishing

certainly angered at

So I

but this

'

'

is

an urgent matter;

it

must

be announced at once.

CHAMBERLAIN:- I

will
(

inform

him

Then enter

Oh shame My
!

their

young

).

king. )

cows are being

calves

scattered

stolen,

round in

distress

through fear of the sound of the chariots ! And all

the while my arm, with its rounded shoulder, its

moving
Jayasena

wet sandal-paste is shameupon choice delicacies. ( 3 )

bracelets, its

lesssly feasting
!

Jayasena
(

Entering

SOLDIER:-. Victory, victory to the great king

KING:- Enough of that

is

title

broken. Give

me

" great king

My martial spirit

the details of the fray.

SOLDIER;- Unpleasant matters are not worth describing in

detail. *But this is

thg

sum and

substance of it

ii.

English Translation

On

which are of one hue

the limbs of the cows

with the dust

raised

21

by the chariots, strips of

various colours are seen where the blows of the

lash have fallen.

KING:- Iq that

me

ease,-

swiftly bring
riot,

and

let

of his

me my bow; make ready my cha*

who is devoted to me, follow

him,

own

free

the van of battk

will.

A struggle

for

cows in

not fruitless; for even death

would be glory; but if we can release ( them

that would

is

win us merit.

SOLDIER:- As the great king commands.

(

Exit

KING - "Why should Duryodhana bear enmity

to

me ? Ah

Because I did not attend the sacrifice How could I

attend ? We were in great sorrow over the annihi!

Or perhaps it is because I
have secret sympathy towards the Pandavas. In

lation of the Kicakas.

any case, I must fight. Now Bhagawan knows

Duryodhana 's character owing to his having lived

Or

in Hastinaptira.

Although he would not reveal to me the defects

of Duryodhana, yet a man with a purpose would
ask without wearying, because of his need. ( 6 )

Who

is

there

Entering

gtjabD;- Victory to the great king

king:- Just
GTUBD:- ^ s

call

Bhagawan.

tlie

qreat king

)
!

C(pnmaild s

Edit

PaScaratram

22

Then enter Bhagawan.

BHAGAWAN ( Looking all

round

-\h,

what

is

this ?

Great elephants are being harnessed, and the best

horses arrayed in armour; the chariots are yoked,

and warriors ready with arms.

touches

my

have no fear for myself, for I

but they are so impatient.

KING:

Bhagawan,

I,

Bhagawan, here

BHAGAWAN:- ( sitting
What mean
Eoyal power

am

( 7 )

you.

is

a seat. Please be seated.

king,

these preparations
is

never

satisfied ?

Is

sire, I

it

Would

the conceited, or release the oppressed

KING: Holy

firm mind;

of a

Virata, saints you.

BHAGAWI^:- Blessings on
KING:

An unwonted fear

heart at the sight of this activity. I

because
it

subdue

have been insulted by the seizure

of

my cattle.
bhagawan: By whom ?
KING: By the sons of Dhrtarastra.
BHAGAWAN:- ( To himself)
Alas

How

of the wise

who

they,

sad

men

Kinship, indeed, troubles the hearts

in this world; for, in

love quarrel, do wrong,

truth,

we

have done wrong ourselves. ( 9 )

KING: Holy sire, what are you thinking about

BHaGAWIN: Oh,
KING: From

who

nothing. I

am

when

feel we, too,

sorry for them.

today, they will lie low.

Even

if

Yudhisthira,

has the power, forgives them, I shall not.

BHAGAWAN:- ( To himself)

Now

every thing

is

laudable today-a couch of

leaves on the bare grqjind, the loss of kingdom, the

) )!

iL

13

English Translation

23,

indignity to Draupadi and living as dependants-, for

my

forgiveness

Entering

GUARD:
KING:

admitted.

is

10

Victory to the Great king

What

is

Duryodhana doing now

GUARD-.-jfot only Yudhisthira, but

the kings of the earth

all

have come Drona, Bhistna, Jayadratha, 6alya,

the king of the Angas, Sakuni and Krpa. And not
by their arrows, but by their standards alone, with
their pennons flying with the joltings of the cha-

we

riots,

KING:
(

are broken.

11

Rising - with folded hands

honoured Bhisma also come ?

bhagawan:- Good. Though

Why

he reminds

who

KING:- Call

To himself

me

is

there

Oh,

our promise

that

I
is

the Great king, Victory

my

come

(Entering

To

Has the

(12)

fulfilled.

guard-.-

has this eminent elder of the Kurus

believe,

king:- Ho,

"What

he has not transgress-

ins&lted,

ed the rules of decorum.

charioteer.

GUARD:- As the Great king commands.

(

CHARIOTEER:- Victory

Exit

Entering

to the long-lived

one

KING:Swiftly bring

my

chariot, for here

battle-guest. I shall satisfy

but

to defeat

him

is

beyond

comes a worthy
my arrows :

him with

my

dreams*

13


24

PaBcaratram

ii.

14

charioteer.- As the long-lived one commands. Long-

which yon used

lived sir, the chariot

break the army of yonr foemen

Uttara to show to the world his

chariot.

KING:-

14

with a

skill

Kow ? Has the

BHAGAWaN:- o

to ride to

taken away by

is

prince gone out

king, call back the prince, call

He

does net heed to the good or

on

battle, as

he

is

evil,

young: and there

him

back.

bat

is

is

no

keen

fire of

The

sons

of Dhrtarastra will not leave alone anything.

Not

battle that does not

burn when

it is

close.

indeed out of any disparagement do I speak to you

of the dangers of battle.
( 15 )
KING:- Then, get ready another chariot at once.

CHARIOTEER:- As the long-lived one commands.

KING:- Or rather come here for a

moment

CHARIOTEER:- Here I am, long-lived

sir.

KING:-

Now how was

chariot

you did not drive the prince's

Were you ordered by him ? Are you not
it

that

the Eoyal charioteer

( 3

charioteer:- Be pleased, long-live one.

After keeping the chariot in readiness, I did attend

upon him according

the prince, be

it

to

my

duty of charioteer. But

for a jest, or because she possessed

the skill in driving- set

me

Brhannala

as his driver.

17

aside

and appointed

bhaGawaN; King, do not be alarmed.

If

Brhannala has gone mounting the chariot,

ing a gloom of dust from

itself will

its

win victory^without

rais-

wheels, the chariot

use. of arrows, res-

it

) )

21

English Translation

moments the

training in a few

Then

25
foes

by the roar

of

(18)

its fellies.

KING:

get ready another chariot at once.

Charioteer: As the long-lived one commands.

(Exit)
(

Entering

A soldier:-* The prince's chariot is smashed.

king: What do you mean ? Smashed?
SOLDIER:

Deign to hear me, Great .king.

The

path was blocked by numerous foes,

horses'

and the chariot, making for a

of the cemetery-

in battle,

skilled

was broken in front

thicket,

ground.

bhagawaN:
(

j>o

himself) Ah, that

was hidden ). (Aloud

omen

come

of things

cemetery.

to

):-

the

20

is

some

ground whereon

Dhrtarastra stand, will

Severed sire,

19

king,

cemetery-ground that

where the Gandlva

If the car faces the

the sons of

KING:

)*

is

become a

such complaisant words out of season

create anger.

BHAGAWAN D 0

not be angry; I have never before told a

lie.

Well, that is so. Go, and bring more news.

soldier: As the Great king commands,

KING:

Exit

KING:

What sound

is this, started in an instant, that

seems to shake the earth all of a sudden, like the
winding stream of a river ? ( 21
Find out. what that sojjnd is.

[ii.21

Paficaratrain

S6

( Entering )
A soldier*. To the Great king, Victory !
Besting his horses for a while, after reaching the

cemetery-ground, the prince-

bhagawan: May he not

SOLDIER:-

The

the

falsify

my

words.

dark-bine elephants he turned

there

of arrows;

fall

is

brown by

not a horse, nor a

does not bear a hundred arrows. The

best chariots are stopped with arrows, ridden with
arrows all round. The roads are strewn with
warrior,

who

arrows; and the

darts.

bow

pours forth a dread flow of

22

BHAGAWAN:- ( To himself)
due to that inexhaustible quiver whereby
Kbandava forest, as many arrows were shot
as were the streams of rain showered by Indra.
(23)
KING: And what is the news about our enemy now ? *
This

is

in the

SOLDIER;- 1 have not seen that for myself, but the scouts
say,

Drona recognises the sound of the bow and retires

Bhisma sees an arrow strike his standard, and
crying " Enough " strikes no more. Karna is wounded by the darts, and the other kings are wondering what it could be. But in spite of the danger
there is only one, who, owing to his youth, does
not reck of it, and this is Abhimanyu. ( 24
BHAGAWitf:- How
if

Has Abhimanyu come f 0 king,

Abhimanyu, Subhadra's son, the

both the houses,

teer-for

is

Brhannala

fiery lustre of

fighting, send another chario-

powerless against inm. (25)

ii.28]

KING:- Nay, do not say

27

English Translation
so.

Having turned back Bhisma whose armour was

not pierced by even Parasurama's shafts, and
Drona, whose weapons are his spells, and Earna,
Jayadratha and

all

those other kings, would he not

Abhimanyu with

assail

his shafts, being afraid of

Or even

his father's reputation ?

if

he comes in

close contact with him, he will surely protect

own, befitting their friendship.

like his

youth

26 )

SOLDIER; This chariot of the prince,

when checked, whirls about; and when freed, runs

on when close it does not charge, nor does any
harm : drawing near ( the other car ), it quickly
;

slips

away; his chariot .seems to be giving lessons

in the art of driving.

27

KING: Go, bring more news.

SOLDIER:

As

), Victory

the king of Virata

king.

commands.

the Great king

re-enters

The

to
!

the Great king

have good news

cattle-raid is

thwarted.

Goes out and

Victory to
!

for the Great

The

sons of

Dhrtarastra have retired.

BHAGAWlN: Fortune
KING:

No,

not

prince

SOLDIEB:

so.

bless you.

This' is your success.

The

prince

is

this

indeed

is

the

putting on record the exploits of

warriors, whose heroism

KING: Ah,

But where

now ?

prince

is

was witnessed by him.

engaged in a commendable task

For, honour done in time to a hero,

has been wounded in some

worthy

assuredly removes his* sufferings.

28

who

adventure,
)

[ ft

Paficaratram

3&

And where

is

28~

Brhannala ?

SOLDIER: She has gone into the

quarters to

ladies'

good news.
Call Brhannala,
SOLDIER. As the Great king commands.
( Then enter Brhannala.
BRHANHALl:-- ( Looking thougUfulhj )

The Gandlva bow

caused

my

me

Exit

tell

the

trouble for a

little

grip was not well-adap-

while in stringing it;

ted and firm in handling arrows; the dexterity in
the use of the arrow-guards was lost; nor was
there any skill in taking the proper pose; I had lost

vigour through a woman's guise, but soon

through ( former ) knowledge, I became myself
again, ( 29 )

my
Fori

pulled

my bow

midst

of the kings;

hostile

army

in this guise, feeling

shy in the

but the movements

of.

the

took place amid a rain of arrows,

and the dust was quickly

blood ). ( 30 )

laid being

stained

with

Ah,
though I have won back the cows and brought
victory to the king, that victory gives me no joy;

Duhsasana captive in the

brow of battle, and bind him and enter the city of
Virata this very day. ( 31
I feel a bit ashamed to see the king with this ornament presented to me by Uttara, as a token of heir
pleasure. So I would see the Lord of Virata.

for I could not take

Moves about and looking

Tudhisjhira,

0, here

is

the noble

English Translation

iu 35 }

young and yet attached

29

to the

best penance

Lord of men, yet leads a Brahmin's

though he has lost his kingdom, his glory

grove, a
life;

bearing the triple

is increased*,
tic,

staff of

he does not carry the sceptre

an asce-

of justice.

(32)
(

Advancing

Holy

you.

sire, I salute

bbagawaN: Blessings on yon,

brhannala.-- Victory to my Lord
KING;-

Form

avails not, nor family,

in high and low

alike;

it is

deeds that shine

for this

very form which

was formerly despised has once

worthy of honour. ( 33 )
Brhannala, although yon are

tired, I shall

you again. Give me the'details

Brhaknala^. Listen, my Lord.
king*-

It is

A SOLDIER:- Victory

trouble

of the battle.

king.

entering

to the

An incredibly
is

brhannala:

tell

34

me what makes yon so

Taken captive

? (

I weighed the strengh of our

and counted

good thing has befallen. Snbhadra's

taken captive.

How

Great king

KING:- Your Joy seems unusual

impatient

son

become

a vigorous action. Speak Sanskrit.

brhannala;- Listen, Great

SOLDIER:-

again

their

To herself)
armed men, to-day,

number; and I saw him; who

could it be, now that the Klcakas are

bhagawan;- Brhannala, what is it ?

brhannala:- Holy

sir.

slain ? (

33

Paficaratram

30
I cannot guess

who

defeats him.

and well-trained; or he may

But he

suffer

ii.

is

such

strong
indig-

nity through the misfortunes of his sires.

KOSKfc-:

How

SOLDIEB:

36

was he taken ?

He

him

36-*

approached the chariot and hauled

fearlessly

out with his arms.

w ho ?
SOLDIEB;- He,

KING:-

whom the king, has

appointed in the kitchen.

(37)
BBHANNALl

aside

Bhlma and

He was

embraced by the

noble

not captured.

mere sight of him from a dismore openly, enjoyed a son's

I was satisfied at

tance; but he, acting

affection.

KING;- well,

let

38

Abhimanyu'be received with due honour

and brought

BHAGAWAN
of

into

our presence.

king, people

Abhimanyu

is

may

think that this honouring

due to fear

of his protect or s-t he

Vrsnis and the Pandavas. It would, therefore, be

proper to treat

him with

disrespect.

KING:- The son of Yadavi does not deserve

For, he

is

the son of Yudhisthira;

age as our son:

is

as a guest;

to

He may

be

are the father of

would be deserving of honour even

for the Pandavas are dear to us for

their greatness.

39

that is so.

But we must guard against

people's ) censure.

wto

we

same

ties

He

a maiden.

of the

our grandson.

soon a son-in-law as well, for

KING:- ^11,

be slighted.

is

we are bound by family

Drupada, and thus he

BHAGAWAN:- Yes,

to

will introduce

him

))

ii.

43

English Translation

31

bhagawaN:- Brhannala will introduce him.

KING:-Brhannala, do you lead Abhimanyu into our presence.

brhannala;- As the Great king commands. To himself)

(
So I have been assigned a duty which for a long
time I desired,

BH AGAW AN;- ( To
So now,

him

himself)

him, this day, see his son and embrace

let

closely

if

they

are alone together; and let his

melt in tears; for in

would be shy about his son. ( 40

my

joy freely

presence, he

KING:- Think of the

( brave ) deeds of the prince.

Kings like Bhisma are defeated. Subhadra's son is
taken captive; Uttara has, to put in briefly, practically conquered the whole earth today. ( 41

Then enter jShimasena,

BHIMA8ENA:-

When the house of lac was set on

my brothers and my mother

away

fire,

I carried

clinging to

my

arms; but having lifted out just one ( person )- the

young son of Subhadra-from the chariot, I feel the
exertion to be equal to that on the first occasion.

(42)
This way,

this way, Prince.

( Then enter Abhimanyu. )

abhimahyUj. Ah, who could this be ?
He has a broad chest, and a waist that looks
graceful owing to its thinness. His shoulders are
firm and raised, his thighs are massive and his
hips are lean. Holding me with one arm, he

brought

me

here, and though he is superior to

in strength, yet he did

me no harmr

43

me

Fancaratram

32

brhannala:

This way,

abhimanYd: Aye, who

this

43

ii.

way, prince,

is this other,

decked out in lady's ornaments that suit him ill,

like an elephant bull adorned with the trappings
of a she-elephant ?

Looking small in

this garb,

but great by his vigour, he looks like Siva assu-

ming the disguise of Uma. ( 44 )

Brhannala: ( Aside ) What has the noble one done now,
bringing

him here ?

Being defeated, he stands disgraced in his first

fight*, and Subbadra, parted from her darling son,
will be in a lamentable plight. Moreover, Krsna
will be angry that he is vanquished. Well, what
need of many words: you have abused the strength
of your arms.
( 45 )
BHIMASENA: Arjuna
BrhannalI: Yes, yes, he is Ar juna's son.
BHiMASENA:-
(

Aside

know the evil consequences

who would allow his son to be

of his capture
in the

foes ?

But I brought him, thinking

who

so fond of children, but

is

might see him,

contingency)

is

hands

that,

but

Draupadl,

sunk in misery,

which would be such a

46

*,

of his

desirable

Brhannala: ( Aside ) Noble brother, I have great longing

to talk to him Make him speak.
BHiMASENA: All right; Abhimanyu
abhimanyu. Abhimanyu " indeed
BHiMASENA : He is angry with me. Do you yourself speak
!

unto him.

brhannala:- Abhimanyu

ii.

51

English Translation

33
^

abhima2TYU:--How

now

Am I

Abhimanyu

Will the low-caste

address

warrior-caste by their

names

here

am

Or,

I being insulted

(to yon) ? Oh,

the scions of the

?

Is this the etiquette

owing

my capture ?

to

(47)

brhaknala: Abhimanyu,

your mother well ?

ABHniANYU: How, you speak of my mother
Are you my Dharmaraja, or BhTma or Arjuna that
you speak to me with the authority of a father
and make inquiries about the ladies in my house ?
is

(48)

Brhannala:

Abhimj|p.yu, Kesava, Devaki's son,

is

he also

well?

abhimantq;

name

How, you
!

even that revered person by

call

Yes, yes, he must be well to be your kins-

man.
(

abijbian YU

Both look

at each other.

How, you laugh at me in scorn ?

BRHANNALA:-No not at all.
With Arjuna for father, and Janardana
:

it

for uncle, Is

proper for a young man, trained in arms, to be

defeated in battle

49

ABHBIANYU-:
I will not praise myself*, for
family.

But

the slain.

You

will find

ill

it

look at the darts

in

no other

becomes our

the bodies of

name

inscribed

on them ). ( 50 )
BBHANNALA: ( To herself) The prince speaks the truth.
There is none in the whole army of chariots, horses, fierce elephants and infantry, who was not
wounded by this skilful archer. I, too, would have
been

hit,

had I not turned aside

my

chariot.

51

Paficaratram

34

[ii.

(Aloud) That is mere bravado.

tak3n by a foot-soldier ?
ABHMANYU _

Why

51

were you

Unarmed he advanced

to me, and so I was taken

would strike a man who has laid
down his arms, if he bears in mide that Arjuna is
(S2)
his father?
BHlMASBNA:-

prisoner.

Who

Arjuna who himself has heard

prowess of both father and son in

Blessed, indeed,

is

of the laudable
battle.

(53)

KING:- Bring Abhimanyu quickly.

Beha^nala.- This way,

this way, prince.

Here

is

the Great

king-advance, prince.

abhimanyu:

Ah Whose
!

king

Brhannala:- No, no, no. He is sitting with a Brahmana.

abhdjanyU:- With a Brahmana. Holy sire, I salute you*.

bhagawan - Come, come,

:

child.

Gallantry, courage, modesty, compassion for his

own

people, sweetness, and victory in archery

and

attain these qualities

heroism in battle-may you

combined in one-your father; and of the remaining
four, may you attain such as you like. ( 54 )

ABHIMANYU:- I am favoured.
KING:- Come, come, my son.

How

conceited

remove
BHIMASENA:-

I,

Why do you not greet me ? Oh

his conceit.

young warrior Well, I will

Now, who took him prisoner ?

is this

Great king.

ABHIMANYU;- Say, " You did

BHlMASENA:- Heaven forbid!

it

unarmed
-

ii.

55

English Translation

35

My

two arms, soft with their rounded shoulders,

my natural weapon. "With them I fight; weaklings use the bow. 55 )

are

{*

ABHIMYU;.

o, say not so.

Are you

my

middle uncle, whose arm

is

a whole

whose prowess is artless ?

These words become him. ( 56 )
BHAGAWAN _ g 0Dj w ]10 is th ; s m\ e one ?
ABHi^u^YU:- Listen. Or, I will not insult a Brahmin with
division of an army,

my

answer;

would be

it

better,

if

someone

else

would speak.
KING; Yery well, answer me.
son

Who

this

is

middle one,

my

ABHBIANYU:- Listen.

Making

a halter for Jarasandha, with his

arm round

his neck, and doing thit insufferable act, he balked

Krsna

of the pleasure.

57

EI$G:-

Your abuse does not rouse

my

anger delights me. Shall

indeed, not offend

say;

"How

with him

ABKEMANYU:
give

if

does he

"

58

stand in

anger; rather your

my

if

presence? Off

you would favour me,

my

feet the treatment that is befitting

shall

Bhima
(

my

was carried here in arms, so in his

captivity. I

arms

I,

carry

me

hence.

59

Then enter Uttara.

UTTARA:
False praise by those
gives

me

pain.

When

who

are devoted to lying

this battle, I assent in words,

ashamed,

60

me

on

but at heart I

am

they compliment

PaScaratram

36

( Approaching ) Severed
bhagawIn^- Blessings on you.

sir,

60

[ii.

I salute you.

TJTTARA:- Father, I salute you.

KING:- Come,

child, come; may you live long

Son, have
you honoured the warriors who did their duty in
!

battle

UTTARA: Yes, I have honoured them. Let us now honour

one who is most deserving
KING: Son, who?
OTEABA:- The noble Dhanafijaya,

KING:- "What

OTTARA:- Yes,

Dhananjaya
that

is so.

of

honour.

This noble

hero

took his

bow from the cemetery, and

quivers

with

their

inexhaustible

his

shafts,

two
and

worsted Bhisma and' other kings and protected us.

(61)

BRH annal A: Be

He

is so

gracious, Great king.

confused by reason of his youth, that

( them
Having done the whole work
fancies it the work of another.
( 62 )

although he himself has struck

it

not.

he knows

himself, he

OTTARA: You may have not any doubt. This shall declare
( it ), here this hidden scar on his forearm
struck
out by the string of the Gandiva bow, which even
at the

colour

end of twelve years does not fade into the

( of the forearm ).
( 63 )

BRHANNALS:
This scar
lets,

and

is
is

made by the frequent change of braceformed by discoloration through pres-

sure just in the place of an arrow-guard.

KING:

'Well, let us see.

64

ii.

69

English Translation

37

BRHANNALA:

am Arjuna of Bharata's race, whose limbs

were licked by the shafts of Budra, then is it not
evident that this is Bhlmasena, and this, king
Udhisthira ?
( 65 )
KING-: Dharmaraja Bhima Arjuna How could yon not
trust me ? well, let it be at the right time. BrhanIf I

nala, enter the inner apartments.

behannala: As

the Great king commands.

bhagawan-. Arjuna, no, no, yon must not
have carried out our promise,
ARJUNA: As my noble brother commands.
KING:

Through the residence

house
ABHiir ANYU

is

purged

of sins/

So here are

my

my

elders

To Bhimasena

I did

are

my

respected elders. That

when

What

cattle-raid has ended

to see

66

they do not get angry

laughingly taunt me.

who

promise,

of the Pandavas,

brave, true of word, and keep their

is

why

me and
good fortune that this
insulted by

well since

67

We

enter.

has helped

it

me

uncle,

not salute you before, through ignorance-

pray, be

gracious to forgive this fault in your son.

(68)
bhimasena-.- Come, come,

my

son;

may you

be as braye as

your father. Son, salute your father.

abhimansU:- Father, I
ABJUNA:

salute you.

This embracing of

my

which gladdens

son's body,

the heart, and which was banished, has come back

.

to

me

at

the end of twelve years.

69

38

Paflcaratram

[ii.

69

Sod, salute the Lord of Virata,

ABHIMANYU: I
KING-:

saln te JOXL

Come child,

come.

Mayest thou have the courage of Yudhisthira, the

might of Bhlma, and the dexterity of Arjuna.
Mayest thou possess the beauty of Madri's sons, and
the wisdom and fame of Krsna, the beloved of the

world.
(

(70)
To himself ) But

this

intimacy with Uttara trou-

bles me. What shall I do

is there ?

now

Well, I have it

Who

Entering

GTJABB;. Victory to the Great king

KING: Bring some water.

GUABD:-As the Great king cpmmands. ( Exit and re-entering)
Here is water.
KING; ( Taking it ) Arjuna, in return for the bride-money
in the cattle-raid, da you
( you offered ) viz, victory
accept Uttara.

BHAGAWIN;- Here my head is bowed.

ABJUNA;-. Why, he is testing my virtue

Aloud

king,

household are dear to me

like my mother; so this Uttara

Ail the ladies of your

and honoured by me
offered to me by you, will I accept
BHAGAWIN:- Now I raise my head.
KING:- Well,

let

my

son. (71)

us send Uttara to grandfather, Dharmaraja,

Bhima and

Arjuna, this way,

(

for

this

way, please.

Exeunt Omnes )

KING:

Now

are his virtues established as those of warlike

heroes; he has acted in a

residence

among

manner worthy

the indies of

my

household.

of his

(72)

iii.

33

English Translation

Today, indeed, are the stars auspicious. So let the

marriage take place this very day.
YUDHISTHIBA:- Well, well. Let us send Uttara to grand'

father.

EING;_ As you please. Dharmaraja, Bhinia, and Arjuna,

this way, this way, please. In this great joy, let us
enter the inner apartments.
ALL:- Very well.
( Exuent omnes

END OF THE SECOND

ACT

ACT.

HI

( Then enter a Soldier, )

SOLDIER:- Ho, speak, speak to all the warriors headed by
(

Drona,

the preceptor of

all

warriors

Discarding the fear of Narayana's disc and disre-

garding their

they h-tve taken Abhiand the Kurus with their bows

protect him; they should be ashamed

lost relatives,

nianyu captive;

were unable to
of this.
(

Then enter Bhisma and Drona.

DRONA:-. Charioteer, say

who

my

from the field

combat with my divine
shafts ? Tell me who is this strong man, what his
weapon and his might, so that I will send him
has carried

of battle ?

Who

off

pupil's son

desires to

stout messengers ( to challenge him ). ( 2 )

bhisma; Charioteer, tell me, tell meThis baby who was ignorant of the dangers in a
rout of defeated (men), and was tarrying on the
field by reason of his youthful age, who was it,
bent on catching elephants, that caught this baby
when the herd had passed ? ( 8 )
,
(

Then enter Duryodhano^ Kaina and &akunu

40

Paficaratram

DURXODHANA:- o

me,

charioteer, tell

carried off

Abhimanyu

iii.

me. Who has

myself set him

tell

I will

free. 3? or,

between his parents and myself exists a family feud,

and so the wise will lay the blame on me particularly. Moreover, he is my son first and then of the
Pandavas.

And when

there are dissensions in a

family, the children are not to blame.

KARNA: You have spoken what is most gracious and appropriate. Son of Gandhari,
not because he was a kinsman, but because he was a
boy, and in the forefront of the fight fighting for you,

he

fell,

and we could not save him. So

let

us throw

away our bows and put on bark-garments,

( 5 )
6AKUNI:- The son of Subh^dra has many protectors. Take it
that he must have been released. For,
King Virata will himself set him free, as soon as
he comes to know that he is Arjuna's son; or remembering 6rlkrsna who has withdrawn from

him free; or he will let

him go for fear of Balarama, who lifted his ploughshare in rage and smote the demon Pralamba;
or perhaps mighty Bhima will bring him here,
the battlefield he would set

slaughtering the powerful foes.

DBOKA:- Charioteer,

me how he was taken !

Was his chariot overturned ? Did the horses get
out of control ? Did the ground yield beneath the
tell

chariot-wheel

Were

the

quivers

devoid

of

Did you prove unworthy of him ? Was

his bow useless through snapping of the string ?
These .are the mishaps in battle that, through ill-

arrows

luck, befall those thai fight in a chariot

Perhaps,

iii.

11]

English Translation

41

he was worsted and taken captive by his enemies

with their arrows; but then he was a master of the
art of

war

1(7)

CB^RiOTEEF^-Long-lived on6j the science of archery is

of terrible ( accidents ). Do you not know this ?

fall

None of the misfortunes yon mentioned befell.

The great warrior was ( sending ) a mighty stream
of arrows, and my chariot was moving like the
circle of a whirling fire-brand. But a foot-soldier,
who came up at the moment captured him. ( 8
How, by a foot-soldier ? What sort of a foot-soldier
was he
CHARIOTEE?.:-

What

valour

shall

describe,

his

appearance or

BHiSMA _ "Women are described by their appearance, but

men by their valour. So describe his valour.
;

CHARIOTEER:- Long-lived

DURYODHANA;- Why

sir,

are you praising

high-sounding phrases
not worried, even
speed.

if

some one

in

such

Or rather speak, I am
is the (very) wind in

he

CHARIOTEER;. Listen,

sir,

surpassing the horses in speed, no sooner did he lay

his

hand on a part of the chariot, than the chariot

to a stand-still, though the horses were

came

straining their necks.

BHlSMA:

Then we may keep

ALL: Why
BHISMA:
If

10

aside our weapons.

the speed of the chariot

we must suppose

that

was checked by one arm,

it fell

Bhimasena; for formerly,

in the clutches of

when

ITayadratha

was

Pancaratram

42

[ Hi. 11.

carrying away DraupadI, he overcame

a foot-soldier, ( 11
DROHA.:-

The son

of

him even

Ganga has observed rightly.

him as a boy, I know his

Since I tanght

speed.

as

For

in the archery school,

when he had drawn

to his ear,

and discharged his

arrow, I observed that he moved his head; then he

sped along with the arrow and caught
hit the mark. ( 12 )
'Sakuni:- "What a ridiculous statement

it

ere

it

had

no other strong man in the world ? Every

attributed to your favourites. Do you all
see the Pandavas pervading the whole Universe ?
(13)

Is there

virtue

is

0 king of Gandhara, all this is inference.

Eiding our chariots, we proceed to battle, armed
with weapons and bows; but only two, Balarama

BHlSMA:-

and Bhimasena, have gone

their bare arms.
6AKTJNI:-

li

to the battle,

with only

All of us, for all our love of daring, were suddenly

broken by one man and some will say that Uttara

was Arjuna himself. ( 15 )
:

DBQNA:- King of Gandhara, have you any doubt in this ?

Is Uttara capable of wielding a

bow which thunders

like a rainless thunderbolt ?

Gould Uttara's arrows

Sun

and cause a momentary

deprive the

of his light

sun-set? (16)
BHiSMA:- Oh son of Gandharl,

it is clearly told. Do you not

know, by the words inscribed on the feather-end

of his

shafts,

on the tongue of the bowArjuna has drawn his bow; and yet
does not hear it ( 17

string ? Surely

he

Saturn

rolled

iii.

21]

43

English Translation
(

entering

CHARIOTEER:- Victory to the long-lived sir

Let some

expiatory rite be performed,

BHiSMA:-

Why

CHARIOTEER:-

you must perform it as your standard

has been riven by an arrow. For, here is an arrow
of someone, bearing a name on its tail-end. ( 18 )
BHiSMA: Bring it here.
( The charioteer takes it to him. )
BHiSMA. ( Taking and examining )
Son, king of <3-andhara, my eye has grown dim with
age. Please read ( what is written on ) the arrow.
gAKTJHi:- f Taking and reading ) Of Arjuna ( Throws it
down; it falls at Drona*s feet. )
DROKA: Gome come, my child.*
First of

all

'

This arrow shot by my pupil to honour Bhisma

has fallen on the ground at my feet to salute me,
in due order. ( 19 )
6AKTJNT. Let us not trust the evidence of this arrow *
There might be a warrior by name Arjuna, and it
might be that he has shot this arrow. But let some
writing from Uttara himself come to light ( 20 )

DURYODHANA:
If a falsehood is told so that I

may

share half of

the kingdom with them, then I will give the half

only when I see Dharmaraja. ( 21
( Entering
,

the SOLDIER: Victory

to my Lord
from the capital of Virata.
DURYODHANA:- Bring him in.

A messenger

THE soldier: As my Lord commands.

(

Then enter

Uttara. )

Exit

has come

Pancaratram

-44

[iii.

22

^UITABA:

The

my

distance to be covered was short, and I urged

horses to their utmost speed; yet my chariot

took a long time on the way; for the horses -could

move with difficulty among the tuskers, slain all

round by Arjuna's darts and the

( 22 )

was

ground

uneven.

Entering with folded hands

I pay

my

respects to

the assembly of the kings, led by the preceptor and

Grandsire.

ALL: May you live long.

DKO^A:- What says the Lord of Virata ?
UTTABA: I am not sen t by him.
leo^sA: From whom do ycu come then?

UTTABAr-From king

TJdhisthira.

deo^A:- What does king Dharma say

UTTaBA;- Listen,
Uttara has been obtained for

my

danghter-in-law.

I await the assembly of kings. Where shall the

wedding take place ? There or here ?
Sakwi..- There, just there 1

DRO^A;-

Thus we have brought the news, and the Five

Nights are still there The gift made with solemn
!

rite

should be given with due solemnity.

24

).

DUEYODH ANA:
Well, I surrender to the Pandavas the realm that

was

theirs before.

Spite of death, all

long as truth endures.

25

men

live as

DBONA.

joy

We are all pleased with the rising greatness

of ( this

whole

house.

May

of this earth.
(

our lion-king govern the

26

Exeunt omnes )

END OF FIVE NIGHTS

:-r

Pancaratr am
Notes Act

L1.3to:eto. In

stanza sre strung together

this

of the principal characters of tie play in

the

names

the

manner

of the pn^iT; for a similar device adopted

fide^*,

in introducing the main characters

mz-

crrci*

gives

the

primeval being protect

(us)$

later

Purusa -

with

Visnu-so

with

idea:-

it

refers

so

However,

by

fPl^SFSW^

yields the sense sta^Kr:

better to take

it is

to

which sftf% the primeval being,

Gf. srcrf

binger

% sa fff iimfa ptf^i:

|3

upon the earth

one

i.

mean

is

fra^

spirit;

Krsna

to

and

the

5i%^^n

primeval

the

(dark like) a cloud, or a ravenfjwwfli:;

may

also suggests

fetf?:

play by

of the characters of the

identified

main

sjra^i*

is

and

here. 3to
sfa

means

fPTOWSR.

a cloud with

usually compared;

X- 26 sfe#T* - A har-

of the bright

and the

terri-

sf^r s#WT *faHT =9 (wri) %p It also means the

and *frr to the Kaurava court,
messenger of

ble:-

demanding in
of the

sijsfajwr

earth,

g#R:- <pR
warrior.
qira?

their behalf their share of the

srgw:

^sr

The word

on <n II

2.

must be taken

mm:-

its

mm tar

qst- a tough fighter,a matchless

in f^w

24 " wfit^

in

sijsfarcsr

Kingdom

is

dropped according to

^jm" 3Nw also like pfe

etymological sense (#tot). ifafs*:

Ci.1-

PaScaratram

firm on the battle-ground*

Tp^fcT
3tR sm^i

doing excellent deeds:

sq^^SN^xK:

Aniara.

LI. 1 2 n^RfHsn^etc* these sentences occur Verbatim

-

in the following plays of the group - fa^^R^, mmx

^*WH., Tj^M^i^l^i:, ^cf^R^ srfsfNi: ^qwq^^and q^Rispj.
3

^nqqr:- the
is

same

and npr. The word

as

srcararar

generally used for the prologue in the classical

plays; but the

thirteen

word

wht occurs in

expression nwrawi is used.

and

UsaT^RT as

1.

is

The

mWK

the usual

Rf3^Rf*FTO3o? gives snpnj;

vmm.

variants for

% a^:- the word,

general;

twelve out of the

plays in this group. In the

which means cooked food in

cooked

used here in the specific sense of

and hence
which are very

the comparison

rice

stsrcra

with Kasa flowers

white; Of.

5^ *w

^ffiifalFr

IV. 7

*ufaft

etc. It is

usual

for Sanskrit poets to describe a ^qfor as a place where

even wild animals give up their natural animosity

and are quiet and refrain from

w^nsfflir:-^

from

killing, or

ft*rar:

Pin^kt: 3?$mv. fe?r:

Where the lions refrain

3is%sfq
mean
ft*En:
suggested by M. M. Ganapati-

fs|r%?|-

may

it

killing.

also

as

and unf lustered in the face

of provocation, even when struck by others. The whole
world seems to have taken the vows of the sacrifioer
which are ^fts[if^n*T: a fine 3^s9fr to be sure
sastris

the lions keep calm

1. 4. srft:

and awtaHg^ are in apposition,

considered as the

mouth ot the

gods,-

^ftg^r %

sifc is
9

 16]
fRT

sjfcf:

fiERil:

*Hr*J>

s*qf3

^rgq:

construe -

& sti^

Notes

cs^

'he

locative
|Rr

elliptical for

is

ssrpi:

The world on every

side ringing

with praises of the king s virtues seems

now

pleased. s^tg=3rfaflrei- surpassed.

qfwira- The cumulative particle =3 should be

used after every word or only once at the end of the
words so cumulated; so it is to be construed with % %
ferr:

?rt:

and not with

Tfwm ~

as that

would

violate

idiom of the language, sfe:- s4+5l^according

Here the

q^rqra^ ^-^<4l5t
to the

^in

pronoun

affix

() is

appended

when in

the nominative,

the

to 3l^n*ri^

asso-

ciation with *&zts

*w

wfa: srrasFW )
whose fame or knowledge is vast and praiseot^pitr ^cft^r whose
worthy, ^qrerrc: g$h- OTosfs^r:
^a2W^arw- ^tf^: wf$i

1. 5.

brave

lips are

^i*T*H^

e.

i.

rich in vedic utterances. ^rnq: is

etc. srfei

means ifsia - their Worthy

I

hands.
1.

52

sR^recT

3tssq: -

observes- after the sacrifice

to set fire to the
1. 6. tn*r

is

as

over

the
it

commentator
was customary

^W.

- In Uru. 36, 56 the arm

...

compared to a golden sacrificial post; (

and ^foro ^^Hd igigqig: ). %w%Slf%wft
1

asatsfr:
ai r

and

The

is

^^rfrs5*33f|:
etc.

sacred fire is of three kinds *tt#w,

^f^T; the fire with

which the

iads set ablaze

[17-

Pancaratram

- other than the

hence the two are compared to a Brahmin

the sacrificial enclosure was

sacred

fire;

ssrf^&rfs:

and a 6adra (f^s). ^^-^rerfa^r:

m^ftife^
This is a hall to the east of the room where materials
for offering into the fire are stored; a place where
l

'

the sacrificer dwells during the sacrificial session,

s^^ptft explains it as -qMtarraiw snsntfisrcr: sit^t
*mi
I

1. 7. srfo:

etc. -

arm here

is

sacred Jntq^fr:-

the

which was taken from the sacrifical altar after the

sacrifice was over, and kept in the m^fer; they were
removing it from the sn^fer for fear that it might get
contaminated by the
there is the usual pun on the word
1 8 313*31^
af f ecfcion for child
and 3?sq^f small remnants
1

of

^1

i. e,

ghee.

Of the sovereign lord - g$tR.

leaping up to burn the sacrificial
cart where the Kusa grass was dry* ;fte^^...qi*R:burns low (is cheeked) owing to the green turf.
The word ira^ is redundant as the word 3%: already
1. 9.

ro^sr

^4^r^f

spjf

occurs in line
?3 ^nra

2.

^k^i^. srrerc

1. 10.
sficfl:

tftar:

according to

1. 11.

qjn^ra-

^\

s^rt

according

is irregular

*far*ifaT

^<KR<f?*rr:-

noraRPraqr

to $3: ^frf Sosfa^

and should be

<^rnr

qi.

$m ^ srr%* ^sp^rtc ^

ftsfci

the birds inside the hollow of the tree are like the
vital breaths inside the body.
1. 12. for

f3^r

this 0/. qfcnfa

i*

II

$IZI**K ?f^v

from ^TORraqU

<&fo

 L18]
(

5*

Notes

After this, two stands, not found in the original

Trivandruin

were inserted by M. M. Granapati-

text,

sastriin his edition of the text on the authority of

mss

later collated.

ftfest
i

5^

f^TRS:

is

iw-

<T is

A.

gocd

sharing the faults of a

sisrgq^JFJrf^: q:

g^rr^f

a small tree - a shruh.

in srftrn^ V. 61.

man coming into

woman from
ruined:- fs^&nt: ^p^rer A^W
)

i. e.

a bad family

Construe

here means

contact with

1- 13.

etc.

wqmF3f

14. ^ws^

palm, with

its

qi:

vim*^ qualifies
The word occurs
sn?

^sugsrr:

The

the 3tar is sissspim.

tall

and hence
Rudra s axe.

great circle of honeycombs,

looking very terrible,

1. 16.

is

is

aptly .compared to

ladle

and

wooden

refers to

bowls; the commentator, however, understands fffiraq.

as one object -cr^q *i\*

^ ^ftot

Ti^I

with the sqiTR

ifTtfejfT^ttra

^rht^t

with Agniit means 'burns'; while

means e-its up', - TC*nte
c

it

1. 17. ^fe%$TO?*3:- ^fecli H$ TO R3" P3 3Sf 3 aqpjfl:

Here the branches of the tree are hanging low over
the river; and as the wind stirs them, one Palasa leaf
I

is

dipped in the waters; hence the fancy.

1. 18.

^FTci^^R^-snTicM sistf^

*refci a*ir

m&i

im&h

in the course of their conversation about

what had come about

3?Nra ) viz. the sacrifice.

by exhorting him to give up anger

and to be kindly to his kinsmen, they are urging him
to show good will towards the qw%
Tra^qftui 4f3a-

Pancaratram

[I. 20

ft^TOt- from the point of the dramatic

introductory

scene

art, this

appears to be superfluous

as

beyond

telling us that the sacrifice had ended, it does

not give any information that is essential for under-

standing the plot of the drama.

The poet merely

indulges in giving a long-winded description of the

fire that

burnt down the

and

sacrificial hall

all

the

rich materials that had been collected for the sacrifice.

also we get an introductory
In the one-act-play
scene which gives a long-winded and rather tedious

description of the 1^135.

1. 20.

^4 iWt- here this

u

refers to his

winning the

literally
vast wealth of the m^is through gambling,
means stamped gold or -silver coins- ^m^r^^qt^I

3FRit

fttfcOT^

experienced
1. 21. St
f**K3rcr suffer

it

- has gulped down

forci

3*3^^

infamy

~ has

R^fcT gait - Here Presfe means ftcRT ^fcf-nfq

- my virtues are established. The word ^

cannot be taken with the preceding sentence - sft^

loc. according
H - since that would require
to Sanskrit

idiom - hence we take

it

with

- here the subject 3t%t or ^mwsupplied. Construe ^i*

gpsr-

$t

tr

is to

be

jjpit

ift?

The V. L.
^^^d^d^is perhaps better,
21 1 ^iF^iror: - the poet appears to be very fond
of using such metronymics:- Of %%4)w., gtorcra: in

i?3^3J3<nU
1.

xrfcTRT?

^i^l+iici:

and. ^k^kfrnw: in n*Hftd^ and

qrotafriRK

I.

24

Notes

in ^i^tK

This

satra

^ ( <?J - so

formed by the

is

4&ftat4$ etc. However^

according to the Vartika Tiragrn^CTigg on

since both the words w<$ and
is

1. 22i.

at

sr:

1. 23.

famous

37 $\<&tmv*i

i. e.

^nrf^g;:

fWf^rfci

etc.

23. 3 .

and

17. 3*% -

is

1. 24.

Conj. Atm.

1st.

( i. e.

sffafcr )

is

occurs.

often to be met with

writ t^ron:

in the plays of this group.-C/.

I

?f6?: ^fa^fcxr

piety.

3?qwT:- the remark

&W ^:

fra^q^

All these kings of theSjjNst were

for their greatness

3ir

unusual - usually the form

FF5f

^Rf^qif aif^:- There is a conscious attempt

Cf. 5^3 ^5

".1.

it

and

? ) is optional;

as well as *TFsn*tar<p:

*n-3PcfaRi:

alliteration.

3Tf

m WWW,

are mentioned,

inferred that the addition of ^

hence we have

is strictly

according to

qr.

compound

the *npft%

addition of

find the form

The vocative form

speaking irregular. Of. 3fci^

this

we

usage as

is epic

in the Mbh.

f^cftera:

SRRT II. 14. 20

%a TH3^^-

described as

In the MBh. L 106 tf*Tis

an incarnation of 5, one of the eight 3gs

and hence a deity in human form; the construction

of the second line is
*ftog<5fjiq crf?<g snxRtf

rather

3^ ^ w% vfcmr
1

{Mt^-^g snwr srf^l

not approve of
ignoring

*ffaT;

this

or

we may

stands for only the

I do not

your act
srra*t

fmw-

the ag^is
Tii^Mifa

of saluting

construe

viz-

construe -

complicated*

me

^5 where

I do

),

after

the ggft

snwi i. e. f^i=TO ^

consider it proper -form \o ignore

PaScaratram

*MWdm -

in your salutations.

person singular from

in

*H0*TR3cr

wsft - and hence

it

WWi-

pupil,

ti^tTC

25 1

He was born

in the

is self-born, ^ratt^T.

explained

is

quotes

1.

birth is narrated

Sta's

used in a peculiar sense-it means forgiveby il- M. Ganapatisastri thus

is

ness;

*M\\\.

qr.

snf^RT chapter 130.

passive inperative III

Wi^^PTOt- the story of

of the sage

25

denominative from wg^h

according to Jflrtaf^i^:
1. 25.

'

sRfft ff^R5T

'

TCI^^tRi: - preeminent

being the comparative of *T^like

jfter|?% itsicTr: etc.

the sentence

erstood as an interrogative sentence

souled hesitate to disparage themselves

may your mind be

1. 26. mi^a =

JJffatf

is to

be und-

Will the high

?

at peace.
snaeflroi^- snar qqiarsfemr

cti^i

is epic; where liberal gifts

Brahmins ) (7/. ^sf^^m^f^r: infarct.
- urges to action. The expression

the expression sTiHstfSW

are

made
1.

26 1 .

occurs in
1.

to

26

3.

1. 27*

sfcPTr 1.

JT;H^-

19 1 areqar^sNft

aw^-WP^r

*t*tt

it

surfer

ott- in turn, V.

ecc-- explained

as sft(d4^*H*ii^ir- I will not

addressing

s^tfr *Frcf?r

wraH

L.

by Ganapatisastri
mind by not

hurt your

with kindly words;

i* e.

although I

may

my

forbear to embrace you lest the pressure of

embrace should hurt your body, I will certainly make my

loving greetings to you, as not doing so might hurt

your feelings Cnrind),

 L31]

Notes

27 3 g*n*Rfcr-

1.

Honour you> greets you;

'6

jftRT-

27 8 ^rg^ai-^g^r ^ng means ^ig&r- a part (i33^Er)

being used for the whole word. sngaiiST
on the
1.

analogy of
TOcftfcT ^rr:

explains

^jqs[,

According

to the epic

wm

S%2$

srfiwg did not take

part in the cattle-raid, but was later

summoned

hc^< when

to

to

it

was decided that

was

to

be married

him*

27 18 sqcwR^- I shall make a request; ft+sre+fkthis expression is used in the same sense in JWMi4topp- s^r, fomn ft: wm, 3^ ^q^TFf^r arc^m, In the sw.
the expression ^r3TW=5Ff$HF occurs.
1.

mm

1. 28.

wi^tt:

etc.

duly ( R^3=i%fwO pressed

an early age; ( sn^Tf:-

He

ha3 drunk the soma

by the prince ) at such

^ wm

^m^^fe:

srfiqp:

^fe:-

aroren^- This demand for water is found

made in several situations -in many plays of the group.
7
6
1. 43 2
Of. srffiiffi. 1. 26 tfrcr II, 20 . hpt 1. 47*.
1. 297.

jrfirar

1. 15i9.

29 10 arsrci^f^g^r- si^rcjjpRTCT - become unclean

by flow of tears.
1.

1. 30.

wfi

srfcfiwroni--

or assurance of
ing " a bond

VEX
1.

know

gifts;

the

most effective proof {^t)

has a technical sense - mean-

a document

73

" a proof

99

Cf

61, 52.

31. ^ri^fo: ^rft- according to the Epic, the

the whereabouts

^tesdid

abgut the qi^s during the

[132

PaScaratram

10

it was only in the 13th

year-which they were to pass incognito (^r^r^)
that they were in complete dark about it.
in the
Corresponding to the relative pronoun
going with w^^ri in the
first line, we must have
second line.
1. 32. sqRrerer - who has offered ( to give ) - sft-

twelve years of their exile-

Or

it

" entrusted

may mean

( to

your care

'Tfas^g^'

- who has put faith in you as his spiritual guide.

^M^d-^ M^d^i Creating a requisite of the sacrifice- i.e.
taking advantage of a requisite of the sacrifice such
as ff^d<*M etc. hA<=1HI-

name
1.

tg^TT

^tt- Deception

in the

of religion

32 1

^Rfewfaftw-

Rf^T.-TTi%:

the

word

is

used in several plays of the group; Cf. fi^wis^PTO^Rcr:

tgRm

1.

l2

5.

32 2 ststwn^Wcr sFftf - the construction is irresta:

-or the word
gular - it should be
f fcT
ff% should be dropped - since the object of *Pl%is
expressed by the %ffar in ^R^tWTR^; we have similar
1.

construction in ^Nsfldt
1. 33. f% ^t-f%

^/R.. 3" #=*TOfiTfcr

sm&l We have

v.

1.

f%

<rt

etc.

wf^:=

TOlftt
w.
1
1, 33 wpMMita ^gdNd/- supply f^ff^rt You have
Just had the concluding bath of the sacrifice; do not
1

listen to

Satuni who

is

f^a^=fMf

i.

m% *M

i.

e.

friend in words but in truth an enemy.

^5 clR - by a pretence of fair
1. 35i. ti4^H 3$:

ellf^mRtoHr

pky.(^)* ^*wlfa-^p?RFft fond

of.

gambling.

"

I.

38

g^q^r - while he was about

explains sforo^T

patisastri

HlOTt- WT^TRT
is

1U

Notes

1. 36.

to lift up. G-ana-

Jd4lH-l. 7 1

^^(^<f%grir:- hurled on one; though the person

not named, it is evidently sfjft - the author of the

wicked design.
1. 363. 3#th.-

<usai$-*m:

5Rr:

f^P

- M. M. Ganapatisastri; cringing. Let

there he no cringing.

place of
1- 37.

w^f^iT =3" s$4w:

is

which means

suggested as a v.

^fifccr

vr^- According

^TR^L

to the

Epic gfafk was the

and the qT^g; *ft*T and

born on the same day and were next

were

eldest of the

3R5nTRcf-3Tif^^.

questions -

5^3

L in

to

him, Cf.

The last line contains two alternative

? 3&Fg=55q?^T
ST^rtf^fa ? ftfc

the root'l^ causal (^ricr) has the sense of " sub" maintaining.
,

sisting "

1. 38.

make an endeavour

to

guard the

interest of

refers to the interest of the TT^rs

pupils.

was

to secure for

them

which

their share in the inheritance

which was

(<MkiMlfu*H*0 and the interest of

38 2 spu^ft- we have the v. L 5OT*TfiT

1. 38 3
l^pff- we expect the stage-direction aPTOJ,
the beginning of this sentence.
1.

at

and
both your

Tcrft^RTOR^ etc Let this altercation cease,

PaScaratram

A2

39

^fa+i*H^g- wfwn- ^mfn^TTfwto: 3^^:

The locative for the instrumental.- ^Euft^refer

1. 39.
$*TT

unusual expression c/. 1. 41 <rfef: ^rcftf^rr

^Rl^cr siRwk*- "VI. 16*
and ^Tsrft
1. 39 1
STR^ftm- to take counsel; to consult.
1- 40 2 l^r ffak ^rrot.- the sentence occurs in ^rs^fer
The remark is an aside and we expect the
1. 19 81

for this

stage-direction aiiwicut preceding

and
srfws II.
1.

respectively* Gf>

427.

Here the
1. 43.

*m

qf

in

- hef ore

^sat tfiFfffii

few

^fz ^RT^T

not necessary.
^Thi^Th^

-^r^n'4^RFT

is

if

- which means

absolute gives the required

loc.

is

alone are to decide

the

?m

^Tci^

qf^

sense and hence

kingdom

*rf^

Similarly

it.

and

16.

*M

sricrr

w^w^

we should have

1.40*.

- you

giving them a half share of the

proper or improper.

srst g^ncrr,

sn^r:

word srawiin nfm

1. 44. ^rffT^r etc.

w<gn The author also uses

30 and atfm^ ILL 25.
I

1.

- Such a country is non-existent.

With the sentiment in the second

line o/. stoo^^t

=3"

inft

te^28.
1. 45. fprfiTS

$*fb

etc.

the instrumental is used for

WW

^1%^?:
sf*r*ri
**t*a^f^ aWTcPjJ
which pouring of water is learnt by me from my elders
as being binding on this earth.

the ablative

arow:- an impolite act.

3ff

refers to &akimi.

 1 491

Notes

45 7 . sijR^-sq^Ral It rests with you to bring the

1.

news.

&ra^sf*tf

46.

1.

This

this

it

was

explained by AL M,
What he means is

is

OT^i

Ganapatisastri as

stipulated that after twelve years of exile in

the forest the Pandavas were to live incognito for one

year* and if during this period of one year they were

discovered, then they had again to pass another period

and hence, intent on decep-

of twelve years in exile;

tion, the

Kauravas did their utmost

But

whereabouts, but did not succeed*

far-fetched.

The author

unaware

is

out their

to find

of

this is

rather

any such

stipu-

and has stated in a previous stanza - that

they had not known their whereabouts after the lapse
lation,

of twelve years: ^TF

RRTsptmt wtmk: SJ^ftFT

e&rfir

*rfcr:

81.

46 1

1.

12

3^3^

arad

s*

*m

ft

48.

1.

trit

fcMr

Of.
arPwr.

^5r

V*

he,

^fkm^ IV.

4,

too,

know

did not

the

whereabouts of Slta and yet was

in the second line refers to f^jra: which word does
not occur independently in the first line but occurs in
able to find her out.

the 3fer form sgjw.

1. 48 1 ** fat 3

question of

fi<W

HH

sfcn

the

of the

qr^rffl

mf%: ^Hd-m

-to

this

answer is supplied by the words

although he utters them in a

different context. This is an instance of dramatic irony

and is technically called T^iFH^>1. 49 1 We expect sprerc before *it WTO.

.

observed that the author

is

be
not very particular about
It is to

Paficaratram
stage directions

and very often leaves

it

51

to the ira agina-

tion of his readers.

1. 51. s&^fqss sjf^TRrft 3T-

The word 37 is understood.

Their youthful pranks or the marks

0/. snsRfer IEC. 4 ( for spppircifSr ). *frf^-

of their Horns*
qgjtw-

big

i. e.

old, experienced bulls*

1.

51 10

*m

*m

m^<mh^ir

believe that the preceptor will bring

He

news

does not

of the *tp^s

in five nights*

was overjoyed and thought he had as good

But if the m^s
5^ fti
had already left the place
would it not mean that
instead of outwitting %qfi^R he was outwitted by him ?
- we
1. 52 s
5n*5&n^rg3[ - Before this address to
1. 52. 5ta

as secured his wish -

have the following

passage-^:

nm^H

%q4
siww^g?

fei&TO

3jqsn4

W^T&jRm:

upon which tffci* says

etc.
fair-minded
one who did not
)
(
know trickery who was free from guile ( tootRw )
This additional passage considerably removes the
*F

obscurity of the passage beginning with 5ri^l(^i%

^rt^ ftqan- The

etc-

very laconic; he
gives reasons for his belief that what they desired rested
1. 53.

upon the

fg

style

tt^s

is

by
the challange, and being grateful will not allow any
outrage done to their protector fmz-, so they were
sure to find out the ti^s through this ruse of the
cattle-raid; for the

cattle-raid.
1.

53 1

The

v.

1.

sssrr:

better than this half-stanza

require a

after them.

will be enraged

v% ^K^iffag^

where the words

is

II.

52]

15

Notes

55 ^Kr4fif5 - eager for the onslaught. Cf.

which does not mean ^fi's burden but ^'s march or
1*

onslaught.
1.

55 3

3^411-

wm... ere

stoprt.

- Let your chariot

take precedence; but in verse 55 sifft says ^fl wKftaamj

- he was to ride an elephant.

ACT
Compare

II

this scene of the

cowherds with the one

HI of B&lacarita.

occurring at the beginning of Act

IL

1
.

3^lw*ui:

3^^r tot:

explained as

or

<tt:

Where 33?fcr may be

- it should be 3qT3^=BTT^g

6 BtfSFg

IL

^trtt

zpm:

patisastri explains

^l^-smFg

M. M. Gana-

^raifKffqfri Ire:

IL ft<w#ak3n. the v. 1. ffeprjOTTfcr is better, $a

afl^s^f where *Tfs refers to the new dresses and
6

ornaments with which they were bedecked and stth^

WW

explain
piness;

garlands and perfumes; or

their

refers to

fcf:

as auspicious -and

Hfs:

3TOT^#- in

sense of joy or glee Gf.

IL
cirerft

wtsq^

WRT?:=jftfci:-

we may

joy or hap-

holy ghee; fur smqt^ in the

fwgmt^f^

OTf^

g+ug+a etc. for this ill omen

and g^tsrfcRlr *m arrf^issRsrar

^3.

HE3

Gf.
i

f^. IX

10-11.
10

I shall
play tie role of the senior-most amongst them. But
why not render ^TS as simply >g - I shall seek the
EE.

eldest

IL

^5

ts

among
52

Tf^sF

is

rendered as

these and find out ?

ffrtixKmMN^a

etc.

The

v.

Hc6>ciu^

u ^^*i^.

Mi^^^feciM^:- avoids the^obscurity of Ihe expression

16

Paficaratram

"*ld^<rf:- the

sun with

his

hundred

II. 60

cowherd

orbs;- the

in his fright see3 a hundred orbs of the sun veiled by

clouds of dust.

IL

According to SFK, W^T means

60

here, however,
*iJmiw>s

it

refers to the huts of the

are regarded as

srsrcrsW

^ns^s- since

- a low caste; Dr.

signifies " residence of a

an srawfcr

Pusalkar remarks that

C&ndala" and explains that as the cowherds had come

out

to celebrate the. occasion,

they sought protection

from the onslaught^ the Kaurava army in the hum-i

ble quarters of the Candalas close by.

But

this

is

rather far-fetched.

IL

72

^^s^frsfw- who

doing the work

oi;

conceal their valour by

thieves; for they dare not

show

valour openly forbear of Virata's might.

II. I jft^ q^r: etc. the instrumental ending in
*frnr: and *Tfl*b is construed as s^sfit^

their

aTi^ijowjfcis

according to

the

rt,

word

repeated to show the extremity of distress.

EL 2 afffwr is explained as s^Mawi^a leather strap

wrapped round the left wrist to prevent injury from
the recoil of the bowstring,^ Cf.

fmz

^^m^^mm

mBH.

5. 1.

^fsqaFF^r

etc. ^feffi

means well- equipped.

^FfRspif^r- Here f^TT

II. 22.

known

as

go^TTO%

^I^MH

at

means the act

of worshipping.

the end of the auspicious rite

or *srferer^- wherein

blessings wishing the ^Rffi a good day.

IL23

arrt^C/.^r^IIIl

4
.

priests

utter

 IL9]
H.

Notes

m sre^-

3.

ffci

*i^nn- Out upon

it

Oh Shame

frequently used in this sense in the plays of the

group. TOfa

EL 3

explained as

is

s^jw^- choicest food.

(5tf^r)-The stage-direction is superfluous

was already on the stage.
II. 36
ssrcr: - Of. zmm* TL 9rstfiftr.
99
- The object in is understood.
II. 5 tflypHi - 3Tnq;
3
~
H. 5 SvftcftRlM: We were in gteat sorrow -3#cTt
Ganapatisastri suggests
srfecf:
% OTPp:
wm-TOaprrc 3roTO3/- because I have
^p^ftcRRim: ^l^rr:
secret sympathy for the Pandavas though outwardly
( sRqsgr ) I am friendly to the W^s.

as the

n. 6. srf^^ etc. -A generalisation! He knew that

would not reveal to hini the weakness of Duryodhana and yet he would persevere In asking him, as
he was in need*
H. 7* ^j^.-the chariots are yoked. The translation
is not quite correct. The word 3l3$# occurs several
times in theMBh.-it is explained thus: - ^3^: gsjqqfc
sfg&ft vtm*WR!$tfo Hf^ft

beam-"

It is

also

explained as axle*

the axle-beams of the chariots are tightened.'

stow ^ro: m\mn

I

i\K

\.

^ <3 3?R*prc^: - I have no fear for myself - but I am

afraid my brothers who are so impatient (
) might
reveal themselves.

IL
ifat

^rt:

9.

o^t^^i

Kinship
as

^ 3^ ft^st^ %

kinsman

participate

in one and

Pancaratram

A8

tIL

92

and

the same offering of water at the obsequial rites

at the

6raddha

IL 9 2

otts^^s -^g^tis

sense. - I

they are

libations,

*$t^F*

used in a very peculiar

am sorry for them - ^ f^ft g:"f^sm

g^is^i^g

IL II 2 The

stage-direction ( anapran) is given at

the sentence - sig srf^fcflft etc. in
of
beginning
the
.

M. M.

Ganapatisastri's text

and the direction

Strain)

dropped.

n.

13,

mftw- -

0/. snrotst

* <m\fk sprat mftfa:

aift^BlV. 22.

IL

14. According to the

capital,

as he

had gone

fore, strange that

MBh.

H,

"

v.

1.

capital,

StT*

353 ^px

*fcr

is

goes to

aq;

s$t:

^n^..

IL

drum
etc.

- etc.

18.

not in the

in the play although the king

shown as being present in the

meet the enemy.

hto: was

to quell the fimhs; it is, there-

19.

text

if^sftra - v.

which

is

I.

qif^r^H in the Trivan*

rather obscure.

R*4$tfta-IV. 28.
II.

22.

- used in a causal sense

flow - 3RWtfid^^l^l<

<fi^ - This refers to

compound taking 9

&

or his

We

were inexhaustible.
(

causes to

am

II. 23.

cQ

smn^i: asq
bow whose quivers

expect aisragytasf the

at its end;
r

or^ the

*fipft<?

word

gjft

11.277]

Notes

also ends in a short vowel

^ ( *0

is

- and hence the affix

not appended.
i^ftki

I[. 24.

wondering what

etc.

%: %mi^

- supply f^TFcf - they are

could he.

it

II. 26. st*^ etc.

strue -

fifa:

19.

The

lines are a bit obscure - con-

^n>M

*fta:

^#

Having

turned away such redoubtable warriors, would he be

daunted by his father 3*ip's reputation and not assail
him ? Even though he comes into close contact with
3tf*T*F3 ( sggtsfa ) he will not assail him because of his

youth which

is like his

warm

own and which

is

quite befit-

might engender a feeling of

friendship between them.

ting their friendship

In the Mbh.

etc:-

*fi*H

e.

3<snT

179-186

is des-

cribed the fight between *fi*H and cr^cr in which the

latter was discomfited and accepted his defeat.

Here

II. 27.

is

described the reluctance of the

meet srftspg in an encounter;

a feint of attacking him,
making
and hence he
and quickly turns away when arfiwg would try to
charioteer

( f?*f$T ) to

is just

strike

him.

3l*4l4^wi - qfcn^n:

3<%p^

here

means

practices

here the practice of driving a chariot ( V&Ffi ).

II. 27 3 . srefaa ^ita^ - The Seizure of cattle
defeated

e.

a queer

thwarted;

is

expression. It is

aqRfs^- in place of swftkm

- the Cattleraid is oven
IE. 27 7 sgqfi^^wi^- qfeq=^: is heroism, valour. C/.
IV. 185 *
n. 204 *ftHj^M ... s^t^i^- In

possible that the reading is

if

[11.28

similar praotioe of recording the exploits of warriors

is

Pafccarattani

*&6

0/. -

referred to.

wfcwvwMi^

f^rfeifS

q^wn^s

- The instrumental is constrgata - Struck or wounded by reason of a

ued as
- which practically means ^i^Fft^
adventure
worthy
^fa difed^ - wounded in a worthy adventure.
EE. 28. ^sr^ft^f

II.

5n n^t%^

29.

While I was

3-4iflci^M

...

stringing

it,

the

bow

resisted

*i^t) -

me

little;

- not skilful, well it caused me some

in the
adapted. H flW = * 3T. Not firm. For
zrfttm
5^tfpr
III.
20.
sqfMt
sense ef. ^ ffaft mft
^t^tT I. 9. ^tr The proper pose in
q^rfira^l"
fef^tpfretc. literally - 1 remembered
tffaRRj,
archery.
trouble.

sfl^RT^f

my proper
for a while

through former knowledge, when

had languished through a woman's guise.
means ' Movement.
Here

spirit,
it

SfEiT

H, 30.
The movement

of the hostile

army

to complete the sense. Although

when he

picked the

bow

- supply the

word

he was rather shy

was such a

in that guise, there

tremendous shower of arrows that the hostile army

moved away in

wmmU -

consternation.

Pres. Part, of the denom. from

the addition of disaccording to

- stained
II. 30. fawtft

brought back

3&sn

all the

cows

He had

of f^re.

$t qft^raf qf^nj^t 3^qt

formerly despised.

by

^^^m

with blood )
in^- Here *mi.=*iT: - ^fcn^^nil

11. 33. qfeg^wt,)

g^P

q^- qf^nj^-

"

& 33
Sanskrit,

21

Notes

48]

II.

3$ei

when

etc.

The

instruction to resort to

the subject matter of the conversation

was

of a serious type - is given

sfar

qiOT g

by

?m

and ^fe^trRi^rt

Of. M**w**iKK*ci
$nqr

TL 382 - ffwiniu^cMlspFS - f^R: qj^ra

.

may

People
the

think that as the

ffais

i.

e.

MMMlci*Wi

^fTTT

g^q

the ^Ti^s

11

and

w^s are his protectors, it is out of fear of them that

was treated with great honour., though a captive.

arfaipg

38 4 qi^flp: =

II.

3TftFF3t

iMt

is *?sr.

is rather vague - it
Here the word
may refer to the w^rs in which case -translate "The
" if
qpf*s are dear to us on account of their greatness;
it refers to m - then the translation should be - "He

II. 39. Frf^il-.-

deserves to be honoured by us as a guest, with all our

wealth.

H. 40

553*Rt

m 3^-

jj^gf^R

353ici

He would

about his son. This transitive use of

is

be shy

irregular.

IL 42 a^R swTHrHere we have to refer the

word
to 3 *ni and spw %H meaning the former exertion of carrying five persons on his arm, and the
present exertion of hauling up one single person from

the chariot.

to

31. 43. gft ifldto s- afostr

means
^K^:
that

i.

e.

s^f^reteR.

c<
1

Here

ztfte&t

"

srf3
i

awkward compound- It is possible

the two members of the compound are indepenl

rather an

Pancaratram

22

dent words and that there

combination

44

an irregular euphonic

( sfsr: ).

gW-^d tIL

is

E II.

is irregular.
The q^HTO of
- stor here means an
^jph^ftciiPfcit
I

44.

ornament'.

=<d4li*ki:

sriq<r:-

Past passive participle

of 3 causal.

3X

45.

sij^n

- in his
i^srq
Krsna will be angry
Atm. is irregular*
-

first fight.

that

shed.

IL 45 1"2

in

his

openly, forgetting that they

disguises.

So

srf^T

tive as the first

him

aside (

had taken on different

.of

the

compound expression
*ffa's

speech

was rather premature to reveal

takes the hint and addresses him

a hint that

w&xk

vanqui-

deliberately understands the voca-

member

their identity, sffa

is

impatience addresses st#r

aj&Ji'U - and brusquely cutting short

gives

he

it

).

- goes with tMt - but it can also be

read as isrmr - the ^ in zvm being doubled according
<|v|w. Even though I concede
qr.
to sft{% =3
that
IE. 46. ?OT<qr

ihere are evil consequences of his capture, I

gladly suffer them since tbey bring relief to

her misery, which

/II. 47.

is

would
sfa^t

sg^rercf,

vgh

qfcjjqct

These are

to

taken as two interrogative sentences. Is this the

quette here?

capture despised ?

lit.

Or
is

in

an $*NM-a desirable contingency.

be
eti-

ami being insulted owing to my

( my ) capture being ridiculed or

II.

23

Notes

85}

me with the authority ot a father -lit You treat me without courtesy

or regard as a father would his son. 53&- the Atm* is
R#Ki*h+q - You speak to

II* 48.

Note that W^hasits predicate in the second person

) which should be in the third person;
singular (
similarly sifvpFg refers to |pr^r in the masculine; while
f^re refers to her in the feminine gender.
II. 48s ^m* = 5F**- Your kinsman; he speaks ironically - he did not like the familiar tone in which they
srpf.

were speaking of such revered personages as sftfw

and 3*KT his mother, and others. He must be well to
be your kinsman
II. 485 f^fcr This should be treated as an imper.

spft *n (srf^w <Br ste)

sonal construction O^srfNu);

^ *mo&
be ^

The use

II. 50*

negative indeclinable

with the

should

f^rr

of the infinitive

3#

- is irregular; it

ff^ ^n^f: qt^sffs goes with

or g5*t understood - as the compound is an adjec-

II 51.

etc.

tival one. 4Nr is often used for qta in these plays.

II. 53*.

aqr:

qi^fei Y.
EL-

64 3

*m

II. 55.

^Rtfir

cf.

- The

Of.

^rfer

idea

also

- This sentence occurs

ICE 157

occurs

^femt 315: 3flE$

epiqfq ^ ^gqcRPH:

IE. 12.

for a similar situation c/.

4?.
-

several times in the

plays

etc.

frequently in

sra

^*ftt%t

these
I. 42.

asr^TOW II. 11.

f^fe*

in. 17 ^l^y+RsiBl

Paficaratram

84

q^H^idt -

ciFte^sj

56.

II.

42

T^jjosnqtrr 1,

1
.

Gf.

i^nA Rg^

n. 56

sffars^r

It is curious that

though

according to the MBh. *ffa was next to 3i%n& in birth,

which title should refer to 3*1* - who
he is called
was third among the Pandavas - the middle one.
- though his answer was just on
II. 56'2 sjgrrcr
.

the tip of his

tongue, yet he would not retort and

mark

enter into an altercation with a Brahmin;

great regard

shown

Brahmins in

to

the

these plays,

V. L.
is the rope or halter hy
which the yoke is secured on the shoulder of the bull.
II. 57.

MBh.

gsfim

III. 12, 61.

- insufferable

As Krsna had

daughter of

srcraFsr,

Having

act,

lifted.

dreadful deed,

killed

fT*n:

husband

the

JarSsandha had taken a

of the

vow

to de-

Mathura 18 times?
stroy
at last f^T fled to 5R$r in order to escape him. wi must
have thought of taking revenge, but he was balked of
that pleasure by *fta who killed him. So he was made
all

the *Tf^s; he besieged

II. 58.

Construe the second half of the verse thusJT

qig |f%

ait

end

if

in

I say "

h^t

How

f$

(*msQ

does he stand

in

shall I not off-

my

presence

Off with him."

Another way of interpreting the same is - By saying what, shall I be free from offending you ? f%5^fr
c
^rrawsiSU Or how can I say
you may go,' even
while you are standing here
(^sftfti),

But

this is

- firaf%

^rft

cumbrous. In the

^4

RfcRF

qig

IV.

6.

n.707]

We have

25

Notes
c

^Rwi<

and

it is

suggested that the reading here also should be

fctsg

qft fesg

strrt:

w m

^tto^s^I Shall I
f%
9
*
say
stay on or shall I say go away ? By saying
what, shall I be free from offending you ?
*rfotIL 60. Construe the first line - ri g

and not

ftgf%

f%g^^T

*ng

'

(cRT understood

fc*3nmr

jtpt

the flattering panegyric of the bards

in such false praise. ^Hi^cfr -

He

who

?mm

refers to

take delight

w^w^Il^<-

I am ashamed.
in the
be construed with
Tour real nature will be revealed

assent in words, but at heart

IL

62. 1 37i^i^*d is to

following stanza.

by

scar

this

which

IL

is

'

on your forearm

masculine,

64.

'

etc.

used as neuter.

is

<*fa<lNfe^i<4i<*.

formed

by

through pressure - just in the place

guard- iiNRBR^-i.
II. 69.

mity with

IL

V. L.

on the

*i4l<WHNf-*l;

48 and IL

70. 1 Srirofwlsg

troubles me.

3^

e.

The word
discolouration
of

the arrow -

wrist.

^tK^i^n^ is

in confor-

63.

- this intimacy

*ri

As a father he was troubled

enjoyed unfettered intimacy with

wither

at heart that

in the srt:-

- and hence some doubt may be raised regarding

her virtue.

- the
^ii^ifi^^i ! - nt^T^sre
g#
victory in the cattle-raid was the bride-money
offered by Arjuna-and hence in return for that he
was the money
offered him his daughter for bride,

IL

offered

70. 7 .

by the

bride-groom-to-be to the bride's father.

26

PaScaratram

EL

70. 9

Hd^d fas 1- fstfkfelt deeply that any

one
- hence

should oast doubt on the character of

he says " Here my head is bowed. " The qr^rs were

always 3^:%^- they held their heads high - but this
imputation of misbehaviour to them made him bow
his head; he felt extremely humiliated.

IL

71i.

The

given in the footnote

is found in
M, M. Ganapatisastri's edition and inproves the text

t.

1.

a good deal.

Act

EL

III

qft^ qr^i^-V. L.

1.

qft^^F^i fsfi^hte

Ganapatifestri understands ^

word tiiastri

compound
g^Rr ww- fmai stoi -Ganapaiftra:

as a

explains -

EL 2.
fafa: ski-

OTftci:

m^f srgspRiT
v.

T.

wq*s;fai

srcfatfsfa:

tfe:

^r^-

divine shafts.

3rot-3^rsn- The strong man, lit. the best of men.

*r - The sentence is very queer;
qrc^i
qualifies 3TOt and 33^, and is to be understood as meaning
how much or what - so ^sm has three objects - Jj^wrc,

and 33 ^ - " Tell me ( who is ) this strong man,

what his weapon and his might* " The last line speaks
of sending strong messengers to challange

why need

him; but

the messengers be strong ? -

and why send

him ? Hence
M, M. Ganapati&stri suggests 333^ ss^i^as the origi-

messengers -

why not^immediately

attack

nal reading : I shall dispatch sharp arrows, as

messengers to him.

HI.
#

3.

defeated

is

awftra^F:-

in the sense of
used several ftimes in this play. Cf.

*dii4<ilg

my

 m. 6]

Notes

W:

*fl*Hi<vft

EL

41. So the expression

the dangers.

of

Z&fm:

ffcF

Who
the

means in a rout

of defeated (men), s^iifer^: ^farcfira: ' Ignorant

modes
HI. 33

Ganapatisastri,

explains

however,

ST^^M

Q^Rt ^Ht TO

3: or

3HfiWfl[

had the fault

of not

being conversant with

of retreating in ease of defeat,

**tererfir

- denominative verb from

in the sense ^FFtifa O/.

i

ar?

^ mm&ft

3fcff

3fe&f*wrf*T

used
I

HI. 4.wf^-^wi^roi-family-fead. ^fo:- ftsfes

-

the wise or

may be

fzftfcm

taken to

- on

ILL

5.

me

my detractors.
mean R&iw-

*rfr

the

^tat-

*rft

or

meaning being HFT

in particular.

*ff

^^t^t^- The expression *n

cii^ is to

be construed with s jqhaRid^i: understood. He is to be

set "free by jg^fcR not merely because of the fear of

kinsmen or because he was just a child; the real reason

was that he fought in the forefront of the fight for
your good - and suffered the disaster for your sakewhile we were unable to save him; so to redeem our
honour, it behoves you to set him free.
III. 6.

TO:- 3R*Tft:

-wiRkmi srsftER?- The ablative does not well-suit the

context - it should be ^nrf^c locative; hence the v. 1.

awidH. is better. ott(*R^ srciraq^ should be taken with

<y4k<^- " remembering that Damodara was away from
the field of battle. " 3*5Hfrct - a peculiar expression -

s& -

i* e.

33f^t

migh^r.

[HI. 9

Paficaratram

28
-

captive

EX

by

his

warrior

may

be worsted and taken

enemies with their arrows, 3*31^3

9. *n^n$rc:-

la such proud i

phrases or terms, R^t:

e.

high-sounding

^a*ra*#c - The two =^s show the simultaneity of the two acts -no sooner did he lay his hands
on a part of the chariot than the same came to a standIII. 10.

still.

The

v.

srrrot*;

I.

3m*m for

HE.

11.

of the sen-

involving the use of the wrong expres-

tence, besides

sion

loses this force

snrejft

^rr^^i^wHw:

^fcH^fad)

src?*?:-

This

is

arro.

not correct.

The

MBh. (
260 ) narrates that both *fte and srcspr
were at first seated in chariots and later got down
from them and continued their fight till tow was
defeated.

m. 12. 1 3??t ^r^fa^^-The same expression ocfcurs

in

sjffor

twice IV. 19 8 IV. 10*.

HE. 14. The

line has

and

sraitfr

first line

has

jpto:,

s^fctar* I. 87 1 .

while the second

past participle; is it possible that itisxrcrat-

being present third person dual of s + qr-so that

in both the lines the verbs would be in the present
tense and consistency secured P

snra:

DDL 16. R^raf5mSfc sg:-ftRB* (rftf ) sf^irf^

creates thundering sound of the rainless

a^- which
thunderbolt.

IE. 17. ^ g ^Rt%

first line of the

is to

stanza. *

you not given your ear

be construed with the

sra^fo (

to it ? Ebyflgi't

mn) - Have

you he*rd

111.26]

ILL 20*
4h ^3 4Np
3H.

21.

HI. 25qcfsfir

HI.
#3^1

Notes
4ta: - for
i

quite

in these playss

swifts sift 3^1

^n^^ 5^r;~ ^re^is used in

the sense of

wg* = vnsjfc- ^ rt^R ^^njH

- in the sense of m^isfii

26. 5Jf5f*5s?j?r:-

m&

of 35?pr:

common

- greatness. -

( s$sfi |fe snnt )

su?: here is

Cf.

&*fr.

used in the sense

33:

<c fl^j |-^

i^m

I?
So
II

09

05

Ot

oo

00

!-*

O
-

"

Ot
Or

to

M W Hi W W
M B H H H

S O
* S i?

CO -

-*

P P ^
Or

to

CO

~
-

M
Or O

00

to

5:

H
fcO

!q to

k) Or

co

* P

1>m

J?

fr.

cs

00

CO CR CO

I
s

8. W
1

a o
-3

CO

-*

C)

V
Ctt

55 -

to

WH

CO
00 uo -

h*

(O

O)

O O M

CO

JJ

s&f
jsr

3*

tel

Appendix

List of irregular Constructions

and Solecisms.

Use of Atman&pada for Parasmaipada.

?

are

f^rafafcr

^fdim *
wie^:

=sr

3 sftim

^nn,

II.

15

II 48

48

II.

Change of conjugation.
?

TO:

I.

3 wftRPft srasrfiH ^3Rt

25

485

IE.

Intransitive roots used transitively.

{

wm

srcq^fat.

^. Tfsr?it

^ssra

#r

II.

<prn.

22

H. 40

Irregular Syntactical Combinations.

&

III.

21

Anomalous Formations.
K

zx^wfi

*tssrarfir

(ftfai^'tagfcnrife

III.

33

II

Implied alternative sentences.

qKiWd,

gi3,

3^i^si%

f^rc ^rggjr^Rt,

i% In,

5* *i*ri

1.

37

ero^i^l

spf ?K<$fc

II.

47

IE.

16

Appendix

1^
?

zzmti ^rnirn 5^5 qffg

3 &F&3t

srf:

srefter

^t^^"

;r

^Rr^T
iTC^g^j n. 46

<rcteit

f|

* ^fr

^sw

ft

I.

21

H. 9

ft[

TOT

*fti

^
M^
slftig

% JHH

II.

15

21

Wtfw^^3 5T#*Rrfcr

II.

60
f^rsRr

III.

^PTO^rfci
|

fowki

sfo =^

IE.

n. 52

H^fSRT

to:

EL 28

sjjprfiftf^r

^ JfHT

II

^irrlt:

JX 3 6

M<*WldT

%^n^

snsrc^r

* ^t%5: sfaf^t

?\ foIW*UH

*Rir%

&ttKi*fft r%^ni%

*^ wKdAwi

41 1 .

^mq ^1%

3X 33

fj^iuqr^iqwi^fd i%^t^r:

^<*io4wRdi
<i

EL 20

=<?

^J^T^T

?o

QNindiPil

^i:

TTT,

in. 13
I.

38*.

25

I.

39