International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES16)

Modeling & Simulation of Proposed 100 KW

Solar PV Array Power Plant for
MMMUT Gorakhpur
Pappu Jaiswal1, S.K. Srivastava2 and Kishan Bhushan Sahay3
AbstractThis paper presents the modeling &
simulation of 100 KW grid connected Solar Power Plant on
MATLAB. The renewable energy sources such as the solar
and wind offers clean, green and abundant energy. As the
power demand increasing the power failure also increases so
that the renewable energy can be used to provide the
constant load demand continuously. Due to environmental
condition PV array is influenced and conversion efficiency
becomes low. So a maximum power tracking known as
MPPT technique is needed to detect the peak power in order
maximize the energy produced. In this paper the
development of PV array model, their integration &
Simulink implementation are described. MPPT control is
beneficial to ensure the output of PV power generation
system at the maximum possible power output level. This
system consist solar array, IGBT inverter. The performance
of power plant is also described with characteristics as
obtained.1
Keywords: MPPT, Photovoltaic, IGBT Inverter, Scope,
Transformer, Grid

I.

INTRODUCTION

A PV systems depends on highly transient energy

sources & exhibit strong short-term and seasonal
variations in their energy outputs. There is the need of
some storing device which can store energy when the
demand is less and can act as the source of energy when
the demand is at its peak. Batteries are most commonly
used to store the energy but the problem is that they lose 1
to 5 percent of their energy per hour thus can be utilized
for storing of energy for a short period of time. Presently
we lack any practical storing device which store the
energy generated from the renewable sources,
permanently. Thus the best way to utilize the excess
energy generated from the renewable source is by the
connection of the source with the grid. Various modeling
studies over the world on PV power system have been
conducted to develop a grid-connected photovoltaic model
using PSCAD for electromagnetic transient analysis and
thus increasing the efficiency and proper utili8zation of
the generated power. [1]- [5].
1,2,3Department

of Electrical Engineering,
MMMUT, Gorakhpur, India
E-mail: 112234pj@gmail.com, 2sudhirksri05@gmail.com,
3kishansahay16@gmail.com
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There is the need of much advanced level

environmental friendly technology in order to meet the
growing energy need of the world. There is a need of
sustainable development i.e. meeting the needs of the
present generation without compromising with the
capability of the upcoming generation to meet their own
need. Solar energy is a clean energy and can help in
sustainable development. Solar Photovoltaic is a key
technology option in front of us to reach to the described
energy supply and is projected to emerge as a new
electricity energy source of future. [6]- [8].
India is in the equatorial sun belt of the earth,
therefore receiving sufficient amount intensity of radiated
from the sun. The India Meteorological Department
(IMD) maintains a network of radiation stations which
measures the solar radiation and they also measure the
duration of sunshine in a day. In India, 250 to 300 days
have clear sunny weather thus receiving the annual global
radiation varying from 1600 to 2200 KWh/square meter
which is quite comparable with radiation received in the
tropical regions. The solar energy has a great potential of
about 6,000 million GWh of energy per year. Rajasthan
and northern Gujarat receive the highest annual global
radiation. In Rajasthan, has tons of land which is barren
and very less populated so as making these areas suitable
for large central power stations based on solar energy.
[9]-[12].
Gorakhpur is located in the eastern Uttar Pradesh
(INDIA). It receives maximum solar radiation every year.
These areas has high population density and hence the
large power demand. In order to meet the demand of the
energy the govt. of India decided to install a 100KW solar
power plant in the Madan Mohan Malaviya University of
Technology under green campus environment.
In this paper study, a detailed simulation model of a
PV array connected to the grid is proposed.
Implementation of The modeling and simulation is done
using MATLAB/SIMULINK R14a.
The paper has been organized in nine sections.
Section II presents the overview of neural network used &
modelling. Section III discusses the modelling & selection
of PV array. Site description & cost estimation are
presented in Section IV. Section V deals with the MPPT
technique used. Section VI discuss simulation & its
results. Section VIII discuss the conclusion and future
work.

262 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES16)

II. SYSTEM DISCRIPTION AND MODELLING

In this section, the dynamic & detailed simulation
model is described for grid connected photovoltaic
generation system. The developed system consists of one
100KW photovoltaic array, dc/dc converter, IGBT
inverter with an isolated transformer, designed for
achieving the maximum power point, utility grid, ac-dc
thyristor controlled bridge rectifier, a metering system,
storage battery. The proposed block diagram and
simulation representation are shown in Fig. 1.
The energy obtained from the sun in the form of
photon is converted into DC power using PV panels, which
may use to charge battery or is converted to AC power
using power inverter followed by smart metering technique
which helps to supply a desired power to university campus
& rest must be supplied to the utility grid.

different layers when a smaller quantity of impurity atoms

added to it. The process of adding impurity is known as
doping. A PV system converts sunlight in to electricity
and the PV cell is the basic device of the photovoltaic
system. Many number of Cells are combined and grouped
together to form a PV panels or solar modules and form a
large photovoltaic arrays. The solar arrays are
combination of number of cells connected in series or in
parallel group of panels to get required power generation.
There are many stages in PV system which is connected to
the grid like PV array, inverter transformer reactive
compensators. In this paper a control approach for
interfacing the PV array with DC-DC converter. The
power injected into the grid from the PV panel through
two stages. In first stage in order to enhance the DC
voltage level of PV panel the PV array is connected to the
DC-DC converter. The MPPT technique is used to track
the point from where maximum power can be achieved. In
second stage through grid connected IGBT based inverter
control dc power is converted into ac power.
The voltage Vs power characteristics and voltage vs.
current characteristics of a solar cell is mainly dependent
on the solar radiations as shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 1: Block Diagram of Proposed System

The block diagram shown above Fig. 1. Is the simple

representation of how energy is transferred and is
converted in different forms Energy from the sun is
received by the PV array and this PV array converts this
energy from the sun into electrical energy which is D.C. in
nature therefore in order to supply this electrical energy to
the grid this energy needs to be converted to A.C. for this
task we use a inverter thus inverter helps in converting this
D.C. supply into three phase A.C. after this we use a
transformer which increases the voltage of this supply and
after this the voltage of this supply becomes equal to
the voltage of the grid. Thus block diagram gives as an
idea of this whole thing is going to take place i.e. solar
grid integration.
III. MODELLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL
In PV panels solar the cells are the basic components
and it is made of silicon. A solar cell is generally a p-n
junction which is made of silicon. It is made up of two

Fig. 2: P-V Characteristics of Solar Arra

IV. SITE DESCRIPTION & COST ESTIMATION

The Gorakhpur is located in the eastern part of Uttar
Pradesh. It lies within Lat. 26 13 N and 27 29 N and
Long. 83 05 E and 83 56 E. The city is at the distance
of 270km from state capital i.e. the capital of Uttar
Pradesh Lucknow. The project is going to install by the
government of India under green campus environment in
Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology
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Modeling & Simulation of Proposed 100 KW Solar PV Array Power Plant for MMMUT Gorakhpur 263

Gorakhpur. This is the 1st solar based power plant in the

area. Table I represents cost estimation for 100 KW Solar
PV grid integration system. Fig 3 & 4 shows the
simulation of solar cell & PV array.
TABLE 1: BILL MATERIAL OF 100KW SOLAR POWER PLANT WITH
BATTERY B ACKUP
Components
Inverter
Main junction box
Cables
Solar panels,200KW@STC
FUSES & disconnetcs
Mounting structure
Combiner box
Protection switches
Energy monitering meter
Battery,12V/200Ah
Monitoring system & Remote control
Total
Project management design &
engineering
Installation & transport
Miscellaneous
Vat
Total cost

Cost/ Unit
RS
50000/KW
8000
2000/KW
35/KW
3000
8000/KW
10000
500
200000
12000
200000

20
10
100
500
set
100
20
39
1
50
1

10%
10%
6%
5.5%

Total
Cost
RS
1000000
80000
200000
3850000
300000
880000
200000
19500
200000
600000
200000
7303010
730300
730300
438180
401665
9604795

VI. SIMULATION & RESULTS

Here is a detailed model of a 100-kW PV array
connected to a 33-kV grid and then ultimately to the main
grid via a DC to DC converter and a three-phase threelevel IGBT/DIODE inverter and through the transformer.
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is implemented
in the converter by means of a Simulink model using the
Incremental Conductance + pulse width modulation
technique.
The MPPT controller is based on the Perturb and
Observe technique which is implemented with the help of
the Matlab.

Fig. 3: Simulation of 100KW Solar Array

V. MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING

With the change in the location of sun and the
direction of the sun rays the power output of the solar
power module changes. In Power vs. Voltage curve of the
solar module there is only one maxima obtained of power
which corresponds to the particular value of current and
voltage. Since the efficiency of the power module is less
therefore it would be beneficial to operate it at the peak
power point so that maximum power supply from the
module can be achieved. Losses in transformer, cabling,
inverter and transmission systems, which can be easily
measured in many cases. An IGBT based inverter is used
to convert the dc supply received from PV array into the
ac supply and thus which can be very easily fed into the
utility grid or be used by the home appliances which are
basically made to work on the ac supply. These inverters
are used to connect the PV array to the grid through the
transformers. These inverters use PWM technique and are
IGBT based
The efficiency of the inverter is measured on the basis
of its ability to convert the ac into dc. Presently available
inverters have efficiency of about 95 percent to 98.5
percent and thus choice of correct inverter is very
important aspect in the design process of power plant. The
less efficient inverters can be used in the isolated systems
or the grid tie. Inverters with efficiency less than 95
percent are readily available in the market.
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Fig. 4: 100KW Grid Connected PV Array

Fig. 5: PWM Inverter

PWM inverters being more effective are gradually

replacing other types of inverters in various industrial
applications. PWM technique uses constant amplitude

264 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES16)

pulses. The width of these pulses is varied to obtain output

voltage control and also to reduce the harmonic content.
Various types of PWM techniques are single pulse
modulation, multiple pulse modulation and sinusoidal
pulse modulation. With STPWM control, the switches of
the inverter are controlled based on a comparisons of a
sinusoidal control signal and a triangular reference
switching signal. The sinusoidal control waveform gives
the required fundamental frequency as output, whereas the
other waveform i.e. the triangular waveform gives the
switching frequency of the inverter. The ratio of frequency
of the triangle wave and the sinusoidal wave is referred to
as the modulation frequency ratio of the inverter. Fig. 5
gives the modelling of PWM inverter.
The utility grid, shown in Fig. 6 is basically the
distribution and the transmission system which transfers
the electricity from the alternator located away from the
load (the generation from coal or hydro or wind) and thus
passing through various substations and voltage level it
finally reaches to the distribution substation from where
the power supply is provided to the consumer at the
reduced voltage level. The joining of various distribution

and generating substation helps in the formation of the

grid which helps in maintaining the continuous power
supply economically and with less hindrance. This can be
understood in a much better way when compared to the
water supply system in the water supply system the water
is taken from the tank which is situated at the top of the
building and thus at higher potential and water travelling
down through the pipes reaches to tap from where it is
used by the consumer.

Fig. 6: Simulation of Utility Grid

Fig. 7: DC Output from PV Array

Fig. 8: Simulation Model of 100 KW Grid Connected Solar Power Plant

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Modeling & Simulation of Proposed 100 KW Solar PV Array Power Plant for MMMUT Gorakhpur 265

Fig. 9: AC Output Obtained from Scope 1

The major input for proposed 100KW PV model were

PV panel temperature, solar irradiations and PV
manufacturing data sheet information is listed as shown
below. Table II represents solar module (100KW)
specification & the result of the simulation are shown in
Fig. 9 to 11.
TABLE 2: SOLAR MODULE (100 KW) SPECIFICATION
Solar module (100KW) specification
Voltage at peak
Current at peak
Rating
No. of cell per module
No. of parallel strings
No. of series connected module per string
Short circuit current
Open circuit voltage

54.7V
5.58A
37.06V
96
369
27
5.96A
64.2V
Fig. 11: Line Voltages of Transformer

VII. SOLAR PV APPLCATIONS IN INDIA

Fig. 10: Phase Voltages of Transformer

978-1-5090-2118-5/16/$31.00 2016 IEEE

The applications of solar PV is very different in India

as compared to the outside world. Globally 75 percent of
total installed capacity is connected to grid whereas only
25 percent is off-grid. In India approximately entire
installed capacity is off grid and has got very small
capacity application, and most common application is
public lighting such as traffic lights, street lights and for
some small household applications. With recent
advancement is is also being used for the powering water
pumps and in industrial areas. Major consumers of PV
Solar systems in India are railways and telecom. Table
below gives some information regarding installations and
applications of solar PV based systems.

266 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES16)

VIII. CONCLUSION
This paper proposes installation of a simple MPPT
based 100KW PV solar power plant. The simulation of the
proposed system is done in the MATLAB-SIMULINK
R14a. This method has got various advantages attached to
it which are: high response, excellent tracking efficiency
and the controllability of the extracted power, ecofriendly
pollution free energy, reduced pollutants in environment
etc. The simulation results show the Current & voltage
characteristics and power & voltage characteristics of
modeled PV array.
Installation of 100 KW at MMMUT Gorakhpur, will
not only help in reducing the energy crisis inside college
but its connection with the grid will help in supplying the
excess energy to the outside world. This project is very
useful and if implemented at a bigger scale then this might
even decrease the energy crisis which would be like a
boon for a developing country like India. Nowadays when
pollution is becoming a bigger problem than energy crisis
at some places eco-friendly projects like this should be
given more importance. With the implementation of these
projects one will not only solve the problems like energy
crisis but also problems like pollution.
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978-1-5090-2118-5/16/$31.00 2016 IEEE