Complain

Verb | com-plain | \km-pln\

Simple Definition :
To say or write that you are unhappy, sick, uncomfortable, etc., or that
you do not like something
To express grief, pain, or discontent (complaining about the weather)
To make a formal accusation or charge

Examples :
He works hard but he never complains.
If you're unhappy with the service, you should complain to the manager.
1

 The students complained that the test was too hard.

These shoes are too tight, he complained.

Complain
Complain [verb] to say that you are annoyed about something or not satisfied with it, for
example, because it is unfair or not as good as it should be
Complain about
e.g. Local resident have complained about the noise from the dorminatory
Complain that
e.g. They always complain that the tenans make tooo much noise.
Complain to
e.g. If it isnt satisfactory, you should complain to the mayor

Averbs that collocate with complain: bitterly, loudly, repeatedly, openly, privately
e.g. She complained bitterly about the lack of help she received.
Make a complain to tell someone in an oofficial poosition that you are not satisfied with
something that they are responsible for
e.g. Write to this address if you wish to make a complaint.
Adjectives that collocate with complaint : Serious, common, minor, major, chief,
formal, official
e.g. One of the chief complaints is the rooms.
Verbs that come before complaint: have briong, get, receive, handle, hear raise, respond
to, ignore, reject
e.g. We have had some serious complaints from Parents.
Complaint [noun] something that you say or write when you are complaining, especially
to someone in an official positioon
Protest : a public complain about something that people think is wrong or unfair and
should not be allowed to happen
Outcry : an angry protest by lot of people
2

Suggestion
Noun | Sug-ges-tion | \sg-jes-chn, s-jes-, -jesh-\

Simple Definition :
An idea about what someone should do or how someone should behave
Something that is said in an indirect way
An action, quality, appearance, etc., that seems to indicate the presence or
existence of something

Examples :
I suggest renting a house near the school
Why dont you go to the movies tonight?
3

 What about asking your brother for help?

We could visit ubud while were in bali

Suggestion
Suggest [verb] to tell someone your ideas about what they could or
should do
Suggest that
e.g. My dad suggested that i should buy the house.
Suggest doing something
e.g. It was quite cold and he suggested buying a hot chocolate drink
Suggestion [noun] something that someone suggests
e.g. Thats an excellent suggestion
Make a suggestion
e.g. Can i just make a suggestion?
Have a suggestion
e.g. Does anyone have other suggestions?

Response
Accept

Decline

Yes. / Yeah.
Ok. /Right. / All right.
Good idea!
Sure

Sorry, I cant.
How about... instead?
I dont think so
Id rather

Dialouge :
Hafzy : I have a serious problem today. I have just lost my driver license.
Rizanti : Don't be so sad my friend, let us search it around the park.
Hafzy : I have looked for it for hours but I do not find it, do you have
some ideas?
4

Rizanti : You had better tell the securities to announce it to other students.
Hafzy : Yeah, that sounds good. I do hope it helps.

ACCUSATION
Noun | ac-cu-sa-tion | \a-ky-z-shn, -()ky-\

Simple Definition :
a claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal
the act of accusing : the state or fact of being accused
a charge of wrongdoing

Examples :
5

Investigators have made accusations of corruption against a group of

former officials.
The police are investigating serious accusations of wrongdoing.
He denied the accusation that he had lied to the police.

Accusation
Accuse [verb] to say that someone is guilty of a crime or of doing something bad
e.g. Is she accusing Cinderalla of telling lies?
Accusation [noun] a statement saying that someone is guilty of a crime of or doing
something bad
e.g. You cant go around making accusations without proof.
Adverbs that collocate with Accuse: falsely, unjustly, wrongfully, strongly, angrily,
openly, publicly
e.g. They openly accused her of dishonesty

Blame
Verb | \blm\

Simple Definition :
to say or think that a person or thing is responsible for something bad
that has happened

Examples :
7

 It's not entirely his fault, but he's not completely free of blame, either.
I always seem to get the blame for other peoples mistakes.
Its not my fault and i dont see why i should take the blame

Blame

Blame [verb] to say or think that someone is responsible for something bad that has
happened
Blame somebody for something
e.g. At first, everyone blamed the pilot for the crash
Blame something on somebody/something
e.g. You cant blame everything on goverment.
Adverb that collocate with Blame: unfairly, unjustly, partly, widely, not really
e.g. He is widely blamed for masterminding the attack
Blame [noun] responsibility for something wrong or unfortunate that has happened
Put the blame on: to say think that someone is responsible for something bad that has
happened, especially when this is unfired.
get the blame: to be blamed for something, especially something that you did not do
take the blame: to accept punishment or criticism for something bad that has
happened
be to blame: responsible for something bad that has happened

Order
Verb | or-der | \or-dr \

Simple Definition :
to put in order / to give an order to
to command to go or come to a specified place

Examples :
They ordered everyone out of the house.
The soldiers were ordered back to the base.
9

 Stop! Drop your weapon! ordered the officer.

The court threw out the conviction and ordered a new trial.

Order
To tell someone that he/she must do something:
Order [verb] to tell someone to do something, either officially or in an angry,
threatening way
e.g. dont go to the ball! the stepmother ordered.

To give orders in a rude, unpleasant way:

Order somebody around or order somebody about keep telling, somebody what
to do in an annoying or unfair way, and they seem to enjoy it.
e.g. Do you think that the stepmother had the right to order cinderella around?
push somebody around [INFORMAL] to tell someone what to do in a rude or
threatening way
e.g. The stepsisters were bullies who liked pushing Cinderella around.

A statement telling someone to do something:

Order[noun] an official statement ordering you to do something, given by someone
with the power to do this, especially a military officer
We are still waiting for orders from the king.
Instruction a statement telling someone what he/she should do and how he/she
should do it.
If she had followed his instructions, none of this would have happened.
Adverbs that collocate with order [verb] immediately, personally, formally.

e.g. dont go to the ball! the stepmother ordered immediately.

10

Descriptive Text
Definition :
Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its
purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

Generic Structure :

Language Feature :

1. Identification: identifying the

1. Using attributive and
phenomenon to be described. identifying process.
2.

Description: describing the 2. Using adjective and classifiers

phenomenon in parts, qualities, in nominal group.
or/and characteristics.

My Friends New Shoes

I have a close Friend. She is beautiful, attractive and trendy. She always
Want to be a trend setter of the day. She always pays much attention on her
appearance. Recently, she bought a new stylist foot legs from blowfish shoes
products. This shoes really matches on her.
Her new blowfish womens shoes are wonderful. When she is walking on
that shoes, all her friends, including me watch and admire that she has the
most suitable shoes on her physical appearance. The style, bright color, and
brand represent her as a smart woman of the day. She really had perfect
appearance.
She is really mad on that shoes. She said that the products covered all
genders. The blowfish mens shoes are as elegant as she has. The products
provide varieties of choice.
11 Ballet, casual, boot athletic shoes are designed
in attractive way. The products are international trader mark and become
the hottest trend.

Descriptive Text
Structure Example:

12

Discussion Text
Definition :
Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will
13
be discussed from different viewpoints.
Discussion is commonly found in
philosophical, historic, and social text.

Generic Structure :

Language Feature :

1. Statement of issue
2. List of supporting points
3. List of contrastive point
4. Recommendation

Introducing generic participant

Using thinking verb
Using additive, contrastive, and
causal connection
Using modalities & adverbial of
manner

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part
of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in
Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear
power produces around 11% of the worlds energy needed, and produces huge amounts of
energy. Its cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages
of nuclear plant are as follow:

It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.

It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the
greenhouse effect.

It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.

It produces small amount of waste.

It is reliable.

Discussion Text

On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried
for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable,
a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca
be a major accident.

Structure Example:
Discussion is a process to find the meet point between two different ideas. It is important
to get the understanding between the two differences. In many social activities, discussion is
14

the effective way to calm down any friction and difference in thought, perception and
recommendation.
This example of discussion text Present the two poles, between the advantage and
disadvantage of using nuclear plant to fulfill the energy needed. It is a case which need to be
talked and discussed from two points. They are represented in the generic structure which is
used:
Stating the Issue: In the first paragraph, it is stated that using nuclear power can be the
choice in fulfilling the needed energy.
Supporting Point: In the second paragraph, it is presented the advantages of nuclear power
plant to be used as the source of the worlds energy needed
Contrastive Point: The third paragraph shows the balance. It gives the contradictory idea in
using nuclear power plant as the resource of energy.
Recommendation: This text is ended with a similar recommendation on how people should
concern in the matter of nuclear energy.

Explanation Text
Definition :
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific
and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say why and how of the forming of the
phenomena. Its often found in science, geography and history Books.
15

Generic Structure :

Language Feature :

1. General statement; stating the

phenomenon issues which are to
be explained.

Featuring generic participant

Using chronological connection
Using passive voice pattern
Using simple present tense

2. Sequenced explanation; stating a

series of steps which explain the
phenomena.

Tsunami
The term of tsunami comes from the Japanese which means harbour
(tsu) and wave (nami). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when
water in a lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.
A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and
vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of
the earths crust can occur at plate boundaries.
Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating
tsunamis, and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental
plates.
As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to
regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the
huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea
keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.

Explanation Text

Structure Example:

16

Narrative Text
Definition :
17

Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell

stories or past events and entertain the readers.

Generic Structure :

Language Feature :

1. Orientation
2. Complication
3. Resolution

Using processes verbs

Using temporal conjunction

Queen of Arabia and Three Sheiks

Maura, who like to be thought of as the most beautiful and powerful queen of Arabia,
had many suitors. One by one she discarded them, until her list was reduced to just three
sheiks. The three sheiks were all equally young and handsome. They were also rich and
strong. It was very hard to decide who would be the best of them.
One evening, Maura disguised herself and went to the camp of the three sheiks. As
they were about to have dinner, Maura asked them for something to eat. The first gave her
some left over food. The second Sheik gave her some unappetizing camels tail. The third
sheik, who was called Hakim, offered her some of the most tender and tasty meat. After
dinner, the disguised queen left the sheiks camp.
The following day, the queen invited the three sheiks to dinner at her palace. She
ordered her servant to give each one exactly what they had given her the evening before.
Hakim, who received a plate of delicious meat, refused to eat it if the other two sheiks
could not share it with him.
This Sheik Hakims act finally convinced Queen Maura that he was the man for her.
Without question, Hakim is the most generous of you she announced her choice to the
sheiks. So it is Hakim I will marry.

Narrative Text

Structure Example:

18

News Item
Definition :
19

News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The
events are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic Structure :

Language Feature :

1. Main Event
Focusing on circumstances
2. Elaboration
Using material process
3. Resource of Information
Indonesian Maid in HK Court after Having Sex
A 45-year old Indonesian maid admitted having sex with her Hong Kong employers
14-year old son after watching internet porn together. The maid is a divorce and a mother
of two children. The maid, named Suwartin, had worked with the boy family for 11 years.
A court heard how the maid had sex with the boy in relationship that lasted five
months. The boy tried to end the affair but she refused. The teenager eventually confessed
to the relationship to the leader of Christian group he belonged to. Then the maid was
arrested. She pleaded guilty to five charges of committing an indecent act with underage
partner. She will be sentenced in two weeks time.
She later apologized and said that she would live with the shame of what she had done
for the rest of life. She had acted out of loneliness the maids lawyer said.
(Adapted from Reuters, Hong Kong, May 6, 2008)

Generic Structure Analysis

News worthy event: Indonesian maid court and admitted having sex with her young
employer
Background event: The maid is a divorcee. She had worked in the boy family for 11 years.
She had relationship the boy for five months. She apologized and felt
guilty
Source: The maid lawyer said that the maid had acted out of loneliness

News Item

20

Structure Example:

Report Text
21

Definition :
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as
a result of systematic observation and analysis

Generic Structure :

Language Feature :

1. General classification
2. Description

Introducing general aspect

Using conditional logical

connection; when, so, etc

Platypus

Many people call platypus duckbill because this animal has a bill like duckbill.
Platypus is a native Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia.
Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered
with a thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting prey and stirring up mud.
Platypus eyes and head are small. It has no ears but has ability to sense sound and light.
Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypus usually dig burrows in the
streams or river banks. The burrows are blocked with soil to protect it from intruders and
flooding. In the other hand, male platypus does not need any burrow to stay.

Generic Structure analysis

General classification; stating general classification, the animal of platypus.
Description; describing in detail characterization of platypus body and habitual life
Language Feature Analysis
Focusing in group; the animal of platypus
conditional, logical connective; but, in the other hand
Simple present tense pattern; Platypus lives in streams, male platypus does not need any burrow, etc

Report Text
Structure Example:
22

Hortatory exposition
23

Definition :
Hortatory exposition is a text which represent the attempt of the writer to
have the addressee do something or act in certain way.

Generic Structure :

Language Feature :

1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation

Focusing on the writer

Using abstract noun
Using action verb
Using thinking verb

Watch your Kids While Watching TV

Television becomes one of the most important devices which takes place in almost
houses. It can unite all members of the family as well as separate them. However, is it
important to know what your kids are watching while Television can expose things you
have tried to protect the children from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism
and so on.
Recently, a study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during
the day or at bedtime often cause bed-time disruption, stress, and short sleep duration.
Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of
time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the
possibility of being aggressive.
Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a
lot and being inactive and overweight. Considering some facts mentioning above, protect
your children with the following tips:

Limit television viewing to one-two hours each day

Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their own bedrooms

Review the rating of TV shows which your children watch

Hortatory Exposition
Structure Example:
24

Procedure Text
Definition :
25

Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved

through a sequence of actions or steps. Its To describe how something is
accomplished through a sequence of action or steps. The communicative purpose
is to tell the steps of making or doing something.

Generic Structure :

Language Feature :
Using temporal conjunction

1. Goal
2. Material
3. Step 1 up to Finish

Using action verb

Using imperative sentence

HOW TO MAKE RUJAK BUAH

STEP:

INGREDIENTS:

1 papaya, cut into 1/2 inch

1. Mix all the fruits
cubes
together

1 cucumber, peeled

1 mango, peeled cubed 3. Add brown sugar

1 Apple, cut into 1/2 inch

4. Add dry roasted peanuts
cubes
and grind completely

3 tablespoons peanuts, fry

5. Pour some tamarind

1 hot chili pepper, seed,

sliced
6. Mix the sauce & fruits

1/4 cup brown sugar

2. Grind chilies and salt

liquid

together

Bibliography

www.merriam-webster.com
www.englishindo.com
www. pakpuguh.wordpress.com
26

www.nurdiono.com
English Zone 3 ktsp 2006

27