Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Outline
Outline
Introduction
3D distribution of Interstellar Medium (ISM) and Gaia
Spectral Analysis Tools
Features in a Stellar Spectrum
Early- and Late-Type Star spectrum Fitting Tools, Global Analysis
Fitting Examples
Applications of the Tools (Data Analysis)
Distance to the High Latitude HI Shells
DIB-E(B-V) Relationships
Tracing Interstellar (IS) Structures and Kinematics using DIBs
Latest 3D ISM Map & Comparison with ROSAT Soft X-ray Map
Conclusions and Perspectives
GC
GC
Sun
Dust
LOS
data
Gas
Absorption data
Abundance + kinematic infomation emission data
v1
Extinction
IS
CLOUD
v2
Observed spectrum
intensity
IS CLOUD
v1
v2
Wavelength/
Radial velocity
Introduction: Inversion
column
LOS data
Spatial Distribution
q Inverting LOS data into spatial distribution (Vergely et al. 2001, 2010).
q For a precise 3D ISM map, a huge number of LOS data is needed
to provide radial and angular information
LOS data
Spatial Distribution
L very limited data: absorption data only based on early type star spectra
L Imprecise stellar distances
J
CaII line
5780 DIB
Interstellar Tracers
IS tracers we used:
Color Excess (E(B-V)) / Extinction (A0)
NaI (5890-5896 ), CaII (3934-3968 ), diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs)
What are DIBs ?
A number of mysterious broad weak absorptions
Still unclear origins (macro-molecules?)
Maybe the largest reservoir of organic matter in galaxies
4x10
-36
12
2
0
2000
!"#$%
4000
6000
8000
10000
Wavelength
Arbitrary Unit
10
stellar lines
continuum
4
2
!"#$$%&'%"()!*+#&#'
0
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
Wavelength
!"&''#$%!(&)"$*+%,)-./.**+%0%!"&''#$%'1.&!2%%
1.3
1.2
Arbitrary Unit
1.1
,-"#&!"#$$%&'.$)/0'
1.0
stellar line
0.9
0.8
interstellar line
0.7
5894
5895
5896
5897
5898
5899
Wavelength
!"&''#$%!(&)"$*+%0%1."&$!"&''#$%'1.&!%
Arbitrary Unit
1.2
Arbitrary Unit
1.00
0.99
1.0
0.8
telluric
stellar lines
0.98
0.6
interstellar
0.97
5885
5890
5895
Wavelength
5900
5905
1%&"+2!'%"()!*+#&#'
588.5
589.0
589.5
590.0
Wavelength
!"&''#$%!(&)"$*+%0%1."&$!"&''#$%'1.&!%0%"&''*$1)%'1.&!%
Continuum &
stellar lines
IS lines
Telluric
lines
Observed spectrum
Stellar
stellar
IS
IS
IS
IS
Tools
Early-type star spectrum
Polynomial function (continuum) x
IS profile(s) x telluric lines model
Continuum
Number of IS component
RVs of each IS component
One fitting function
In case of doublet lines
After
Automatization
Automated telluric line correction
Automated fitting guess
Automated tools for late-type star
spectra
Using a stellar synthetic
spectrum calculated using
ATLAS-SYNTHE suite (Kurucz
2005) based on stellar
parameters
More IS tracers: NaI, CaII, Diffuse
Interstellar Bands
Global Analysis
Multi-tracer (dataset) analysis
Multi fitting function
Continuum
Number of IS component
RVs of each IS component
One fitting function
In case of doublet lines
After
Automatization
Automated telluric line correction
Automated fitting guess
Automated tools for late-type star
spectra
Using a stellar synthetic
spectrum calculated using
ATLAS-SYNTHE suite (Kurucz
2005) based on stellar
parameters
More IS tracers: NaI, CaII, Diffuse
Interstellar Bands
Global Analysis
Multi-tracer (dataset) analysis
Multi fitting function
Preliminary
Telluric Line
Correction
Polynomial function
(continuum) x IS profile(s)
Total length
method
T = T (! + "! )
Voigt function
IS profile
DIB
IS line
Voigt profile
Empirical Model
DIB
Empirical profiles from nearby stars
1 IS component
! [" , vr ,T ]
:optical depth
vr: radial velocity
T: apparent Temperature
DIB : DIB strength
DIB[! DIB , vr ]
Number of IS component
Location/Radial velocity
Searching for a minimum by
Global Analysis
Lines from different
Global analysis
simultaneous fitting of
multiple dataset with multifunction. For Example:
Simultaneous fitting NaI
and CaII lines
Simultaneous fitting CaII
lines and DIB
Simultaneous fitting NaI
lines and DIB (late-type
star spectrum)
D2
D1
-data
-fit
-data
-fit
Global Analysis
Lines from different
Global analysis
simultaneous fitting of
multiple dataset with multifunction. For Example:
Simultaneous fitting NaI
and CaII lines
Simultaneous fitting CaII
lines and DIB
Simultaneous fitting NaI
lines and DIB (late-type
star spectrum)
D2
D1
IS NaI
stellar
Stellar NaI
K
-data-data
-fit -fit
Global analysis is particularly useful for DIB study: to find number -data
of
IS component & location of the DIB guided by known gaseous lines.
-fit
6196
5780
_ Data
_ Fit
telluric
D2
D1
6614 DIB
VDIB: 33 km/s
Small DIB
detection
DIB
This problem is subject of current and future work (Monreal Ibero, in prep)
List of Tools
Early-type star
Late-type star
Tools
Tracers
IS Lines Fitting
D2
DIB Fitting
DIB
D2-D1; K-H
D2-D1-DIB, K-H-DIB
IS Lines Fitting
D2-D1
DIB Fitting
DIB
D2-D1-DIB(s)
DIB-DIB
HI map
Target stars
ROSAT 0.75 keV
GC
TBL/Narval Data
Distance estimate:
b > 70 98+/-6 pc
55<b<70 95-157 pc
25
26
30
20
27
29
28
22
21
24
19
23
8
1
12
18
17
13
3
11
15 16
10 14
4
longitude
See Puspitarini & Lallement 2012
High-latitude HI shells in
the 3D ISM Map
Slice of 3D ISM Map
HI Shell
L=-2
Early-Type
Star
Spectra
DIB Study
ESO 2.2m
FEROS
dataset
GOSSS
Project
Data
16 DIBs
Empirical
Model & DIB-E
(B-V) correlation
Late-type
Star
Spectra
ESO VLT
FLAMES
GES Data
16 DIBS:
4726.8, 4762.6, 4963.9, 5780.4,
5797.1, 5849.8, 6089.8, 6196.0,
6203.0-6204.5, 6269.8, 6283.8, 6379.3,
6445.3, 6613.6, 6660.7, and 6699.3 .
1-4 DIBs
(including
Gaia DIB)
DIB vs
distance
E(B-V) vs DIB
E(B-V)
4762
EW DIB
4953
5780
5797
5849
6090
6196
6269
6283
6379
6614
6660
6699
6283
6614
Correlation from
nearby early-type star
FEROS spectra
A0 of GES data by A0
Babusiaux (priv. comm.)
A0
DIBs are sensitive to stellar radiation field
Applications of the Tools: Tracing ISM Distribution and Kinematic with DIB
NGC4815
Open cluster
(l,b)=(303,-2)
EXTINCTION
DIB 2
DIB 1
arm
Perseus Arm
Stellar Distances
HI observation
at the same direction
2comp
vel
NaI
HI observation
at the same direction
THI
EW DIB
Close to
Coalsack
complex
vel
See Puspitarini et al 2014
GC
GC
L=180
L=270
~2kpc wide
Inversion Test
Latest 3D ISM Map & Comparison with ROSAT soft X-ray map (Local Bubble)
3D ISM distribution:
Comparison with Ultra Soft X-ray 0.25 keV
Distribution in Galactic Plane
Simplified radiative transfer
assuming that
low density region emits in X-ray
Puspitarini et al 2014
Latest 3D ISM Map & Comparison with ROSAT soft X-ray map (Local Bubble)
3D ISM distribution:
Comparison with Soft X-ray 0.75 keV
Vertical Slices of the 3D map
in the X-ray bright region direction
ROSAT 0.75 keV Higher energy
L=-30
L=-18
L=5
L=-8
4
3
See Puspitarini et al 2014
Latest 3D ISM Map & Comparison with ROSAT soft X-ray map (Local Bubble)
3D ISM distribution:
Comparison with Soft X-ray 0.75 keV
ROSAT 0.75
Main Conclusions
It is possible to have automated spectral analysis tools to exploit
massive spectroscopic data.
It is possible now to use late-type star spectra.
It is possible to use DIBs as well as identified gaseous lines.
DIB has the advantage of tracing distant clouds.
It is possible to fit simultaneously lines and DIBs
Except in the strong radiation field region, DIBs are found to follow
extinction.
The 3D ISM map and 2D soft X-ray emission map are found to be in
well agreement.
It is possible to derive IS property (Local Bubble Pressure) from
the comparison of the two maps.
Perspectives
The road to a detailed 3D ISM Map is wide open now
By gathering more interstellar measurements and precise stellar
distances from Gaia, a better 3D ISM description in the Galaxy will
be possible in the near future.
The future description, will not only give the locations of
interstellar clouds, but also their kinematics as derived from
spectroscopic data.