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CNG TH C VI T L I CU
HAY G P

TR N B

MODEL 1
Because
Since
As

(bi v)

+S+V

Because of
As a result of
Due to

(bi v)

+ Noun / Noun phrase / V-ing

Ex: Because she behaves well, everybody loves her. Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves
her.
Because of his bad behavior, he must be punished. As he behaved badly, he must be punished.

MODEL 2
Although
Though
Even though

Despite
(mc d)

+S+V

(mc d)

+ Noun / Noun phrase / V-ing

In spite of

Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time. Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time.
Despite the noise, we continued to study our lessons. Though it was very noisy, we continued to study
our lessons.

MODEL 3
SO THAT

SUCH THAT

Ex: The film was so good that I saw it three times. It was such a good film that I saw it three times.
It is such a bad book that nobody reads it. This book is so bad that nobody reads it.

MODEL 4
TOO + to-infinitive

ENOUGH + to-infinitive

Ex: Mary is too young to get married. Mary isnt old enough to get married.
The tea was not cool enough for her to drink. The tea was too hot for her to drink.

MODEL 5
SO THAT / SUCH THAT

TOO + to-infinitive / ENOUGH + to-infinitive

Ex: This raincoat is so small that she cant wear it. This raincoat is too small for her to wear.
It was such an interesting novel that I read it many times.The novel was interesting enough for
me to read
many times.
This question is easy enough for us to answer. This question is so easy that we can answer.
The box was too heavy for the child to carry. It was such a heavy box that the child couldnt
carry it.

MODEL 6
To-infinitive + be + Adj./N

S + V + it + Adj./N + to-infinitive

Ex: To live on my salary must be hard. I find it hard to live on my salary.

MODEL 7 (Cu iu kin)


- Loi 2 (Qu kh n)

- Hin ti
Cu

IF
- Qu kh

- Loi 3 (Qu kh hon thnh)

Note: Clause1 + so + clause2 If + clause1 , clause2


Clause1 + because + clause2 If + clause2 , clause1

Ex: He cant do the test because it is too difficult. If the test werent too difficult, he could do it.
I didnt eat anything so I was hungry. I wouldnt have been hungry if I had eaten something.

MODEL 8
not
cu trc thIfca

Note: Khng c thay i loi iu kin, ch thay i


loi iu kin cho.

Unless

Ex: Unless it rains, we will go to the movies (loi 1) If it doesnt rain, we will go to the movies. (loi
1)

If they didnt attend class regularly, they couldnt understand the lesson (loi 2) Unless they
attended class
regularly, they
couldnt understand the lesson. (loi 2)

MODEL 9
S + V(present perfect) . + time

It is + time + since + V(past)

Ex: Tom and Mary have been married for five years. It is five years since Tom and Mary were married.
I havent seen my father for one month. Its one month since I last saw my father.

MODEL 10 (Cu ao c)
- Tng lai
Cu - Hin ti
- Qu kh

Wish

- would + V1
- Qu kh n
- Qu kh hon thnh

Ex: She wont visit me again. I wish she would visit me again.
My wife cant speak French. I wish my wife could speak French.
What a pity you failed in your driving test. I wish you hadnt failed in your driving test.

MODEL 11
S + have/has + not + V3/ed since (for)

- S + last + V(past) when


- The last time + S + was .

Ex: I havent heard him since August. The last time I heard him was in August.
I havent seen him since I was a student. I last saw him when I was a student.

MODEL 12
S + V(past) .. ago

S + have/has + been + V-ing + since (for)

Ex: He started working for this factory a year ago. He has been working for this factory for a
year./He has been working for this factory since last year.

MODEL 13
S + V + .. + time

It take/took + (Object) + time + to-infinitive


( Ai mt thi gian bao lu lm g)

Ex: She typed the letter in 20 minutes. It took her 20 minutes to type the letter.
I walked to my office in 10 minutes. It took me 10 minutes to walk to my office.

MODEL 14
S + didnt +V1 until

It was not until that (Mi cho n khi )

Ex: Tom didnt begin to read until he was eight. It was not until Tom was eight that he began to
read.

MODEL 15 (Th truyn khin)


Cu ch ng

have
S+

+ V1
Object1

get

Object2
+ to-infinitive

have

Cu b ng

S+

+ Object + V3/ed
get

Ex
: I will have Tom wash the car. I will have the car washed.
I will get Tom to wash the car. I will get the car washed.

MODEL 16 (Cu b ng)


S + V + Object

S + be + V3/ed + (by)

Ex: The police is questioning him. He is being questioned by the police.

MODEL 17

SO SNH HN

SO SNH NHT

Ex: My mother was the most warm-hearted person Ive ever known. Ive never known a more warmhearted person
than my
mother.

MODEL 18
Cu ch ng

People / they + V1 (consider/ know / believe/ say /) + that + S + V2 +

Cu b ng

It + is / was + V3/ed (ca V1) + that + S + V2 +


to infinitive . (khi V2 hin ti hoc tng lai)
S + be + V3/ed (ca V1) +
to have + V3/ed . (khi V2 qu kh)

Ex: They think that the owner of the house is abroad. It is thought that the owner of the house is
abroad.

The owner of the house is thought to be


abroad.
People thought that he had died in battle. It was thought that he had died in battle.
He was thought to have died in battle.

MODEL 19
SO SNH BNG

SO SNH HN

Ex: Susan isnt as good at chemistry as Sarah. Sarah is better at chemistry than Suan.

MODEL 20
Clause1 + Clause2

SO SNH KP

Ex: As he grows older, he becomes increasingly cheerful. The older he grows, the more cheerful he
becomes.

It take sb+khong thi gian+to do sth sb spend +khong thi gian doing sth
Ex:It took her 3 hours to do her homeworkShe spent 3hours doing her homework
Understandto be aware of
Ex:Do you understand the lesson ? Are you aware of the lesson ?
To be interesting in =fond of=keen on=like
Ex:She likes EnglishShe is interesting in English
Succeed in doing sthmanage to do sth
Ex:We succeed in invented televisionWe managed to invent television
Prefer sb to do sthWould rather sb +did sth (mun)
Ex:I prefers you not to smoke hereId rather you not smoked here
Prefer doing sth to doing sthwould rather do sth than do sth /like doing sth better than
doing sth thch lm
Ex:She prefers staying at home to going outShe would rather stay at home than go out
As soon as+S+V2/ed,S+V2/ed Hardly +had+S+V3/ed+when+S+V2/edNo
sooner+had+S+V3/ed+than+S+V2/ed
Ex:As soon as I left the house,he appeared Hardly had I left the house when he
appeared
Ta thy mnh ng sau sau as soon as s l mnh sau when v sau than
Not..any moreNo longer+auxiliary+S+V / No more..
Ex:I dont live in the countryside No longer do I live in the countryside/I no more live

in the countryside
To be not worth doing sthThere is no point in doing sth khng ng,v sich
Ex:It is not worth making him get up earlyThere is no point in making him get up early
It seems that+S+VIt is likely that+S+V It look as if/though :dng nh rng
Ex:It seems that he will come lateIt is likely that he will come late=He is likely to
come late/It look as if he willcome late
S+often +VS+be+accustomed to doing=S+be/get +used to doing
Ex:Lan often cried when she meets with difficultiesLan is used to crying when she
meets with difficulties
This is the first time+S+have/has+V3/edS+be+not used to doing
Ex:This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movieI
was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie

S+V+because+S+VS+V+to V
Ex:She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examinationShe studies hard to
pass the final examination
S+V+not only+but alsoS+V+both.and..
Ex:He translated fast and correctlyHe translated not only fast but also correctly
S+aske/want +O+to VS+get+O+to do sth=S+have+O+do sth
Ex:She asks him to spend more time with herShe have him spend more time with her
S+V+no +NS+be+N-less
Ex:She always speaks no care=She is always careless about her words

S+be+adj+prepS+V+adv
Ex:My students are very good at mathsMy students study maths well
It+be+adj What +a/an+adj+N
Ex:It was an interesting filmwhat an interesting film
S+V+advHow+adj+S+be

Ex:She washes clothes quicklyHow quick she is to wash clothes


If I were you,I would+VoS+advise+sb+to do
Ex:If I were you,I wouldnt do that He said He advised me not to do that

50 CU VIT LI CU C LI GII CHI TIT


1. The last time I went to Ho Chi Minh City was ten years ago.
It___________________________________________.
2. Although he was very tired, he tried to help me with my homework. Tired as
___________________________________________.
3. The car is too expensive. I cant afford it.
It was ___________________________________________.
4. It's the first time I've been to New York.
I havent ___________________________________________.
5. You damaged my camera", said Hung to his sister.
Hung accused ___________________________________________.
6. We didn't have any holidays until this summer.
It was not___________________________________________.
7. If you hadnt studied hard, you would have failed the exam.
Had___________________________________________.
8. Lan is pretty but Mai is prettier.
Mai is the___________________________________________.
9. This is the best film Ive ever seen.
Ive ___________________________________________.
10. My school has over 800 students.
There are ___________________________________________.
11. People say that that plane crashed into the mountains.
That plane ___________________________________________.
12. She tries to learn English well so as to communicate with foreigners. She tries to learn
English well with ________________________
13. I started teaching English three years ago.
I have___________________________________________.
14. No one in my class is more intelligent than Lan.
Lan ___________________________________________.
15.This exercise was very difficult. We couldnt do it.
This exercise was so___________________________________________.
16. But for your help, I couldnt have passed the exam.
Had ___________________________________________.
17. When will you come back, Nga?

I asked ___________________________________________.
18. No one has bought this house.
This house ___________________________________________.
19. She didn't take an umbrella so she got wet.
She wouldn't ___________________________________________.
20. It was a mistake for him to buy that house.
He shouldnt _________________________________________.
21. Although Nam was very tired, he tried to finish his work.
However ___________________________________________.
22. We couldn't go camping because of the storm.
The storm ___________________________________________.
23. It's ages since I last talked to him.
I have ___________________________________________.
24. The book was so interesting that we couldnt put it down.
It was ___________________________________________.
25. He said to me Dont stay up late.
He told me ___________________________________________.
26. The damage was so great that it would cost millions of dollars to repair.
Such ___________________________________________.
27. She didnt graduate from university until 1980.
It was not ___________________________________________.
28. The hotel didnt come up to our expectations.
The hotel fell ___________________________________________.
29. Mr Hung is the most intelligent person Ive ever known.
I have never ___________________________________________.
30.The only way you can become a good English speaker is by practising English every
day.
Only by ___________________________________________.
31. It certainly wasnt me who stole your bag! said Lan
Lan denied ___________________________________________.
32. Im sorry that I didnt come there yesterday.
I wish ___________________________________________.
33. If I am not busy, I will do some shopping with you.
Unless ___________________________________________.
34. If I were you, I wouldnt do that. He said
He advised ___________________________________________.
35. Shall I carry your suitcase, Lan?said Nam.
Nam offered ___________________________________________.
36. Yes, all right, Ill share the food with you, Quang
Nga agreed ___________________________________________.
37. Can you remember to buy some vegetables, Mary?
Peter reminded ___________________________________________.
38. Dont stand there, the man said to his son.

The man ordered ___________________________________________.


39. Im sorry Im late, said Ha
Ha apologized ___________________________________________.
40. "Shall we go somewhere for a cup of coffee?" Mary said.
Mary suggested ___________________________________________.
41. Hung said to Nga, "Why don't you take an umbrella?
Hung suggested ___________________________________________.
42. "Would you like another cup of tea?" the lady said to the guest.
The lady invited ___________________________________________.
43. Lan said to her brother, "I didn't use your phone."
Lan denied ___________________________________________.
44. You won the first prize. Congratulations! Mai told me.
Mai congratulated ___________________________________________.
45. You cheated in the final exam. said The teacher to Trang.
The teacher accused ___________________________________________.
46. It was kind of you to help me with my homework Lan said to Hoa.
Lan thanked___________________________________________.
47. She was sentenced to six months in prison for her part in the robbery.
She received ___________________________________________.
48. He is too short to play basketball.
He is not________________________________________.
49. If you want my advice, I would sell this house.
If I________________________________________.
50. I would prefer you to do your homework.
I would rather ________________________________________.
Answer Key:
1. It is/has been ten years since I last went to Ho Chi Minh city.
Cu trc : The last time + S + V2/ed .....+ was + time.....
=> It is/ has been + time + since S + last + V2/ed...
Dch ngha: Ln cui cng ti i n thnh ph H Ch Minh l cch y 10 nm.
=> 10 nm t ln cui ti i n thnh ph H Ch Minh.
2. Tired as he was, he tried to help me with my homework.
Cu trc: Adj + as + S + to be, mnh ~ Although + mnh 1, mnh 2 (Mc
d....nhng...)
Dch ngha: Mc d anh y rt mt nhng anh y vn c gng gip ti lm bi tp v
3. It was such an expensive car that I couldnt afford it.
Cu trc: It + is/ was + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that + mnh (qu ....n ni m....)
Dch ngha: Chic t qu t n ni m ti khng th c tin mua n.
4. I havent been to New York before.
Th hin ti hon thnh: S + have/ has + PP
Dch ngha: l ln u tin ti n New York. => Trc y ti cha n New York.)
5. Hung accused her sister of damaging his camera.
Cu trc : accuse sb of sth: buc ti ai v vic g

Dch ngha: Hng buc ti ch gi cu y lm hng my nh ca cu y.


6. It was not until this summer that we had some holidays.
Cu trc : It was not until....that + mnh (mi cho n khi ....th )
Dch ngha: Mi cho n ma h ny chng ti mi c k ngh.
7. Had you not studied hard, you would have failed the exam.
Cu trc o ng cu iu kin loi 3:
Had + S + (not) PP..., S + would have + PP... Dch ngha: Nu
bn khng chm hc th bn trt k thi.
8. Mai is the prettier of the two girls.
So snh hn vi cm t of the two + N:
S + be + the + hnh thc so snh hn + of the two + N(s).
Dch ngha: Trong 2 c gi th Mai th d thng hn.
9. Ive never seen a better film than this film. Hoc Ive never seen such a good film.
Dch ngha: y l b phim hay nht m ti tng xem.
=> Ti cha bao gi xem mt b phim no hay hn b phim ny. (Ti cha bao gi xem
mt b phim hay nh vy.)
10.There are over 800 students in my school.
There + is/ are + s lng + N....(C...)
Dch ngha: Trng ti c hn 800 hc sinh. => C hn 800 hc sinh trong trng ti.
11.That plane is said to have crashed into the mountains.
Cu b ng vi cc ng t nh: say; think;.......
C: S1 + say (s) + that + S2 + V....
B: It is said that + S2 + V..../ S2 + to be + said + to V/ to have PP..... (to have PP nu
ng t mnh sau trc th so vi mnh trc)
Dch ngha: Ngi ta n rng my bay m vo ni.
12.She tries to learn English well with a view to communicating with foreigners.
Cu trc: with a view to + Ving: nhm lm g, vi nh lm g, vi hi vng lm g E.g:
He's painting the house with a view to selling it.
Dch ngha: C y c gng hc ting anh tt giao tip vi ngi nc ngoi.
13.I have taught/ have been teaching English for three years.
Th hin ti hon thnh: have/ has + PP
Th hin ti hon thnh tip din: have/ has + been + Ving
Dch ngha: Ti bt u dy ting anh cch y 3 nm. => Ti dy ting anh c 3
nm ri.
14.Lan is the most intelligent (student) in my class.
So snh nht vi tnh t ngn: the + adj + EST... So snh nht vi tnh t di: the + most
+ adj....
Dch ngha: Khng ai trong lp ti thng minh hn Lan. => Lan l hc sinh thng minh
nht trong lp ti.
15.This exercise was so difficult that we couldnt do it.
Cu trc so...that...(qu...n ni m....):
S + V + so + adj/ adv + that + mnh
E.g: She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her.

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Dch ngha: Bi tp ny th qu kh n ni m chng ti khng th lm c.


16.Had you not helped me, I couldnt have passed the exam.
But for + N,.....: Nu khng c.........th......... (dng trong cu iu kin)
o ng cu iu kin loi 3: Had + S + PP...., S + would/could + have + PP
Dch ngha: Nu khng c s gip ca bn th ti khng th thi u.
=> Nu bn khng gip ti th ti khng th thi u.
17.I asked Nga when she would come back.
Cu hi gin tip:
S + asked + WH_+ S + V li th....
Dch ngha: Ti hi Nga khi no c y s tr li.
18. This house hasnt been bought. (phi dng not v c no one ch ng)
Th b ng th hin ti hon thnh:
S (O) + have/ has + been + PP....
Dch ngha: Khng ai mua ngi nh ny.
19.She wouldnt have got wet if she had taken an umbrella.
Cu iu kin loi 3: If + S+ had + PP...., S + would/ could + have + PP
Dch ngha: C y khng mang theo nn c y b t.
=> C y khng b t nu c y mang theo .
20.He shouldnt have bought that house.
Cu trc: should have + PP :l ra nn => shouldnt have PP: l ra khng nn
E.g: You should have told the truth.
Dch ngha: l mt sai lm khi anh y mua ngi nh . => Anh y l ra khng
nn mua ngi nh .
21.However tired Nam was, he tried to finish his work.
Cu trc: Although + mnh 1, mnh 2 : mc d......nhng.......
=> However +adj/ adv + S + V, mnh
Dch ngha: Mc d Nam rt mt nhng anh y c gng hon thnh cng vic ca
mnh.
22.The storm prevented us from going camping.
Cu trc: because of + N/ Ving
Prevent sb from doing sth: ngn cn/ ngn chn ai lm g
Dch ngha: Chng ti khng th i cm tri v cn bo.
=> Cn bo ngn cn chng ti i cm tri.
23.I have not talked to him for ages.
Th hin ti hon thnh: S + have/ has + PP
For ages ~ For a long time: lu ri
Dch ngha: lu ri t ln cui ti ni chuyn vi anh y.
=> Ti khng ni chuyn vi anh y lu ri.
24.It was such an interesting book that we couldnt put it down.
Cu trc:
S + be + so + adj + that + mnh (qu....n ni m....)
=> It + be + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that + mnh
Dch ngha: Quyn sch qu th v n ni m ti khng th b n xung c.

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25.He told me not to stay up late.


Told + O + (not) to V: bo ai (khng) lm g
Dch ngha: Anh y bo ti khng c thc khuya.
26.Such was damage that it would cost millions of dollars to repair.
o ng vi such:
Such + to be + N + that + mnh
Lu : The damage was so great that it would cost millions of dollars to repair.
=> The damage was such that it would cost millions of dollars to repair. ( such = so great)
Dch ngha: Thit hi qu ln n ni m phi mt hng triu la sa cha.
27.It was not until 1980 that she graduated from university.
Cu trc:
It + is/ was + not until + trng ng thi gian/ mnh + that + mnh (mi cho n
khi...th ...)
Dch ngha: C y khng tt nghip i hc cho n tn nm 1980.
=> Mi cho n nm 1980 th c y mi tt nghip i hc.
28.The hotel fell short of our expectations.
Fall short of : tht bi, khng t c (mc ch g..)
To fall short of sbs expectations ~ not come up to sbs expectations: khng c tt p
nh ai mong i/ khng c nh ai mong i
Dch ngha: Khch sn khng c nh chng ti mong i.
29.I have never known a more intelligent person than Mr Hung.
Cu trc so snh nht:
The + adj ngn + EST/ The + most + adj di
Dch ngha: ng Hng l ngi thng minh nht m ti tng bit.
=> Ti cha bao gi bit mt ngi thng minh hn ng Hng.
30.Only by practising English every day can you become a good English speaker.
Cu trc o ng vi Only by:
Only by + Ving + ...+ tr ng t/ to be + S +........
Dch ngha: Cch duy nht m bn c th tr thnh mt ngi ni ting anh tt l luyn
tp ting anh hng ngy.
=> Ch bng cch luyn tp ting anh hng ngy th bn mi c th tr thnh mt ngi
ni ting anh tt.
31.Lan denied having stolen my bag/ stealing my bag.
Deny + Ving: ph nhn lm g
Dch ngha: Chc chn khng phi ti ly trm ti ca bn! Lan ni
=> Lan ph nhn vic ly trm ti ca ti.
32.I wish I had come there yesterday.
Cu trc cu c qu kh: S + wish + S + had + PP....
Dch ngha: Ti xin li v hm qua ti khng n .
=> Ti c hm qua ti n .
33.Unless I am busy, I will do some shopping with you.
Unless ~ If....not : Tr phi, nu ....khng
Dch ngha: Nu ti khng bn th ti s i mua sm vi bn.

12

34.He advised me not to do that.


Cu : Nu ti l bn th ti s khng lm iu . Anh y ni Cu
Advise sb (not) to do sth: khuyn ai (khng) lm g
Dch ngha: Anh y khuyn ti khng lm iu .
35.Nam offered to carry Lans suitcase.
Cu trc: offer to V: ngh lm g
Dch ngha: Nam ngh mang va li cho Lan.
36.Nga agreed to share the food with Quang.
Cu trc: agree to V: ng lm g
E.g: She agreed to let me go early.
Dch ngha: Nga ng chia s thc n vi Quang.
37.Peter reminded Mary to buy some vegetables.
Remind sb to do sth: nhc nh ai lm g
E.g: Remind me to phone Alan before I go out.
Dch ngha: Peter nhc nh Mary mua mt t rau.
38.The man ordered his son not to stand there.
Order sb (not) to do sth: ra lnh ai (khng) lm g
Dch ngha: Ngi n ng ra lnh cho con trai ca ng y khng c ng .
39.Ha apologized for being late.
Apologize (to sb) for sth: xin li ai v vic g
E.g: We apologize for the late departure of this flight.
40.Mary suggested going somewhere for a cup of coffee.
Suggest + Ving: gi / ngh lm g E.g:
I suggested going in my car.
Dch ngha: Mary gi i u ung c ph.
41.Hung suggested that Nga (should) take an umbrella.
S + suggest (that) + S + (should) V nguyn th.....
Dch ngha: Hng gi rng Nga nn mang theo .
42.The lady invited the guest to have another cup of tea.
Invite sb to do sth: mi ai lm g
E.g: They have invited me to go to New York with them.
Dch ngha: Qu b mi v khch ung thm mt cc tr na.
43.Lan denied using/ having used her brothers phone.
Deny Ving: ph nhn lm vic g
E.g: He denies attempting to murder his wife.
Dch ngha: Lan ph nhn vic s dng in thoi ca anh trai c y.
44.Mai congratulated me on winning the first prize.
Congratulate sb on sth: chc mng ai v vic g
E.g: The authors are to be congratulated on producing such a clear and authoritative
work.
Dch ngha: Mai chc mng ti v vic ginh c gii nht.
45.The teacher accused Trang of cheating in the final exam.
Accuse sb of sth: buc ti, kt ti ai v vic g

13

Dch ngha: Gio vin buc ti Trang v vic gian ln trong k thi cui.
46.Lan thanked Hoa for helping her with her homework.
Cu trc:
Thank sb for sth/ doing sth: cm n ai v vic g /v lm g E.g:
She said goodbye and thanked us for coming.
Dch ngha: Lan cm n Hoa v gip c y lm bi tp v nh.
47.She received a six - month sentence for her part in the robbery.
Sentence (v): tuyn n, kt n => sentence (n)
E.g: He was sentenced to life imprisonment. (Anh y b kt n t chung thn.)
Dch ngha: C y b kt n 6 thng t gian v tham gia vo v cp.
=> C y nhn c mc n pht 6 thng t v tham gia vo v cp.
48.He is not tall enough to play basketball.
Cu trc:
Too + adj/ adv + to V...: qu. ......n ni m khng th lm g......
Adj/ adv enough + to V: .... lm g
Dch ngha: Anh y qu thp n ni m anh y khng th chi bng r c.
=> Anh y khng cao chi bng r.
49.If I were you, I would sell this house.
Cu iu kin loi 2: If + S + V2/ed...., S + would/ could + V (bare inf)....
(tri vi thc t hin ti)
Dch ngha: Nu ti l bn th ti s bn ngi nh ny.
50.I would rather you did your homework.
Cu trc: would prefer sb to do sth: mun ai lm g
- S1 + would rather (that) + S2 + V2/ed....(mun ai lm g hin ti)
E.g: I would rather you were happy.
Dch ngha: Ti mun bn lm bi tp v nh.

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