HIGH FREQUENCY INVERTER FOR FLUORESCENT

LIGHTENING
Lab based Project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TEHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
By

T.SRIKANTH-13006137
K.DEEPAK- 13006139
K.SESHASAI-13006148
AAYUSH MISRA-13006149

Under the guidance of

TEJA SREENU

Asst.prof

K.L.UNIVERSITY
2015-16

K.L.UNIVERSITY
____________________________________________________________________

CERTIFICATE
This is certify that this project work entitled HIGH FREQUENCY INVERTER
FOR FLUORESCENT LIGHTENING is a benefited work carried out by student

of III/IV B.Tech, EEE dept, College of Engineering, K.L.University, in the

POWER ELECTRONICS during the academic year 2015-2016.

Signature of instructor
TEJA SREENU

Head of the department

Dr.O. CHANDRA SEKHAR

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We express my sincere gratitude to Mr.TEJA SREENU Sir for encouraging and

guiding us to undertake this project work.
We express my deep sense of gratitude to our O.CHANDRA SEKHAR Sir HOD and
our beloved course lecturers of department for their encouragement.

Place:
Date

T.SRIKANTH- 13006137
K.DEEPAK13006139
K.SESHASAI- 13006148
AAYUSH MISRA-13006149

INDEX

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
WORKING OF CIRCUIT
ADVANTAGES
RESULT
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
REFFERENCES
FUTURE SCOPE

ABSTRACT
In this project we design an high frequency inverter which
is suitable for functioning of CFL .Now-a-days load shedding is one of the main
problem that India is facing. Everyone want an un interrupted supply. But taking
the concern of electricity generation, it may not be possible. To overcome this
problem the another solution is to have the backup of electricity using inverter.
Generally in fluorescent lighting it requires a low voltage and high frequency to
turn on. In our project first rectification process takes place and then dc supply
is given to the MOSFET circuit and then ac is obtained and it is given to the
filter circuit in order filter the harmonics in ac supply and finally ac supply is
given to the fluorescent lamp .So in this project we have to made the circuit
which contains a battery, inverter circuit using MOSFETs and a fluorescent
lamp as a load.

INTRODUCTION

Fluorescent Lamp was introduced commercially in the 1940s and was a success in small scale
lighting replacing the use of tungsten incandescent bulb. It continued to be used in the 21st
century and has since evolved into many variation of outlook, applications and control.
Two main functions of a fluorescent lamp ballast are providing a starting kick and to limit the
current to its operating value for the tube that is being used. There are basically 2 types of ballasts
namely magnetic ballast and electronic ballast design. The magnetic ballast uses a core and coil
assembly transformer that provides a minimum functions of starting and operating the lamp.
Hence it is not as efficient as the electronic ballast. Electronic ballast operates at high frequencies
from 20kHz to 45kHz and uses electronics circuitry to optimize the operation of the lamp.
Electronic ballast design is becoming more common due to its superior performance. It outputs
10%-15% more light output, does not have the 50/60 cycles irritating hum, high frequency
switching that does not have visible flicker to the human eyes, cooler and more reliable. Though its
initial cost is higher than the magnetic ballast, its payback will come in the long run. Operating the
ballast at higher frequency means that the design can be smaller and made compact. It utilizes the
switching mode power supply technology in its implementation.
Magnetic and electronic ballasts can be categorized into 3 categories - instant start, rapid start and
programmed start.
Instant start ballasts require an instant-start certified lamp and ignite a lamp in about 80
milliseconds or less using a high frequency electronic circuit. It starts the lamp without heating the
cathodes by using a high voltage at around 600V.
It is the most efficient energy type when used in installations where the lamps are not turned on
and off regularly.
Rapid start ballasts precisely heat the cathodes and then ignite the lamp with a lower charge. In
this way, it helps to prolong the life of the lamp but it uses more energy as the cathodes are
heated up continuously during the operation of the lamp.
Programmed Start is an upgrade version of rapid start. It allows the cathodes to be preheated
before applying the voltage to the lamps to strike an arc. This type gives the best life to the lamps
and is used in applications where frequent ON/OFF of lights are required.
Electronic ballast must be designed, installed and operate in compliance with the CSA, UL and NEC
requirements. As the installation and testing come in contact with hazardous voltage, only
qualified personnel should perform the installation. It should be done with the power to the lamp
turned OFF.

Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) Electronic Ballast Design

One of the advancement made in the field of electronic ballast control is the invention of compact
fluorescent lamp or CFL in short. It is also known as energy saving light bulb and is usually screws
into the standard light bulb socket or plugs. Common screw type size used is E27. Compared to
incandescent bulb, it have a longer rated life and uses less electricity though its initial cost is
higher.
Two main parts to a CFL are the gas filled bulb and the electronic ballast. Electrical energy flows
though the gas causing it to give off ultraviolet light(UV light) that excites a
white phosphor coating on the inside of the tube. This coating emits visible light.
The application note from International Rectifier provides the design of a 13W CFL compact using
an IR53H420 Integrated Half-Bridge device. It is able to drive a 13W lamp from 110 or 220 VAC
input, 34kHz frequency of operation and Softstart with cathode preheating.

Non-integrated CFLs have the ballast permanently installed in the luminaire, and only the
lamp bulb is usually changed at its end of life. Since the ballasts are placed in the light
fixture, they are larger and last longer compared to the integrated ones, and they don't need to
be replaced when the bulb reaches its end-of-life. Non-integrated CFL housings can be both
more expensive and sophisticated. They have two types of tubes: a bi-pin tube designed for
conventional ballast, and a quad-pin tube designed for an electronic ballast or conventional
ballast with an external starter. A bi-pin tube contains an integrated starter, which obviates the
need for external heating pins but causes incompatibility with electronic ballasts. Nonintegrated CFLs can also be installed to a conventional light fixture using an adapter
containing a built-in magnetic ballast. The adapter consists of a regular bulb screw, the
ballast itself and a clip for the lamp's connector

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

COMPONENTS:
DIODE
MOSFET
PULSE GENERATOR
MEASUREMENT PROBES
RLC ELEMENTS

Description of Components:

CFL
DIODE A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts primarily in one direction

(asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero) resistance to the flow of current in one
direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. A semiconductor diode, the most
common type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a pn
junction connected to two electrical terminals.[5] A vacuum tube diode has two electrodes,
a plate (anode) and a heated cathode. Semiconductor diodes were the firstsemiconductor
electronic devices. The discovery of crystals' rectifying abilities was made by German
physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1874. The first semiconductor diodes, called cat's whisker diodes,
developed around 1906, were made of mineral crystals such as galena. Today, most diodes are
made of silicon, but other semiconductors such as selenium or germanium are sometimes used.

MOSFET

the MOSFET is a four-terminal device with source (S), gate (G), drain (D), and

body (B) terminals,[1] the body (or substrate) of the MOSFET is often connected to the source
terminal, making it a three-terminal device like other field-effect transistors. Because these two
terminals are normally connected to each other (short-circuited) internally, only three terminals
appear in electrical diagrams. The MOSFET is by far the most common transistor in
both digital and analog circuits, though the bipolar junction transistor was at one time much more
common.
The main advantage of a MOSFET over a regular transistor is that it requires very little current to
turn on (less than 1mA), while delivering a much higher current to a load (10 to 50A or more).

Pulse generator : Pulse generators are generally single-channel providing one

frequency, delay, width and output. To produce multiple pulses, these simple pulse
generators would have to be ganged in series or in parallel.

WORKING OF CIRCUIT

Result:

APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSION:

FUTURE SCOPE:

References: