Name: Magno, Prexy Ross M.

2016

Date: November 21,

Subject: ZNS 112

BGF

Year/Section: 3rd YearHomework #1

1) List down at least 10 branches or fields of biology and write also the definition
a) Cellular biology or cytology is the branch of biology which studies the
structure and function of cells.
b) Molecular biology is the discipline which studies the biological processes on a
molecular level.
c) Developmental biology is the branch of biology that studies the development
of living organisms from birth until death.
d) Marine biology is the branch of biology that is responsible for studying all the
creatures that live within the marine environment.
e) Physiology is the study of the functions of living beings. A branch that deals
with studying the respiratory, reproductive, nervous system etc.
f) Genetics is a branch of biology that attempts to study biological heritage
which is transmitted from generation to generation.
g) Zoology is the discipline responsible for study animal life.
h) Botany, the discipline of biology that deals directly with the study of plants.
i) Ecology is the branch of biology that is responsible for studying the
relationship of living beings on the planet with their natural habitat.
j) Microbiology, a science or branch of biology that focuses on the study of
microorganisms, which are the smallest living things.
2) What are the steps in Scientific Method?
Enumerated below are the detailed scientific method steps that
scientists commonly take when conducting a scientific inquiry.
a) Ask a Question: The scientific method starts when you ask a question about
something that you observe: How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or Where?
b) Do Background Research: Rather than starting from scratch in putting
together a plan for answering your question, you want to be a savvy scientist
using library and Internet research to help you find the best way to do things
and insure that you don't repeat mistakes from the past.
c) Construct a Hypothesis: A hypothesis is an educated guess about how things
work. It is an attempt to answer your question with an explanation that can be
tested.

d) Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment: Your experiment tests

whether your prediction is accurate and thus your hypothesis is supported or
not.
e) Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion: Once your experiment is
complete, you collect your measurements and analyze them to see if they
support your hypothesis or not.
f) Communicate Your Results: To complete your science fair project you will
communicate your results to others in a final report and/or a display board.
3) Write the manifestations or characteristics of life.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)

Metabolism- Life requires a constant input of energy and raw materials

Homeostasis-Life has internal control
Irritability/Response to Stimuli-Life reacts to the environment
Reproduction- Life reproduces itself
Growth and development- Life grows
Adaptation and evolution- Life varies and evolves
Heredity- The passing for traits from parents to their offspring
Cellular Organization-Living things are made of cells

4) What are the different theories of life?

a) Beneath The Ice-Some evidence indicates that, around three billion years ago,
Earths oceans were covered with ice. This ice may have been hundreds of
meters thick and was mainly due to the sun being much less fierce than it is
nowadays. This theory contends that the ice may have protected the
compounds, allowing them to interact and, thereby, creating life.
b) Electricity- It has been proven that electricity can produce simple sugars and
amino acids from simple elements in the atmosphere. This leads to the theory
that lightning may have been responsible for the origins of life, primarily by
striking through rich volcanic clouds.
c) Panspermia- Panspermia is the proposal that life on Earth didnt actually
begin on Earth at all. Rocks, and other debris from impacts, are plentiful. In
fact, rocks from Mars have been found here on Earth, and it has been suggested
they any one of these would have brought microbes that could have kickstarted life.
d) RNA-Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is today most known for its role in the
expression of genes. To put it simply, DNA unzips, revealing the necessary
gene that is being called for by the body, then RNA is transcribed from single
nucleotides, copying the revealed segment for gene expression. This theory
states that all life sprouted from a complex RNA world. This is plausible, as
RNA is far more self-regulating, if less efficient, than DNA.
e) Simple Metabolism and Reactions-In contrast to the RNA theory, this
approach suggests that the primordial soup simply continued to react with itself

over time, producing more and more complex molecules, eventually yielding
life.
f) Clay Breeding Ground- Research at the University of Glasgow, in Scotland,
has given rise to the theory that life on Earth may have evolved in clay. It is
suggested that clay may have served as an area of concentrated chemical
activity, providing a breeding ground for DNA and other components.
g) Submarine Hydrothermal Vents-Submarine hydrothermal vents, or deep-sea
vents, contain vast and diverse ecosystems. The nutrient rich environment
filled with reactive gases and catalysts, creates a habitat teeming with life.
Studies suggest that life may have originated from within these vents, a theory
that cannot be ignored, and one that may in fact tie in with the ice theory at the
beginning of this article.
5) What is the relevance of biology subject in your course?
I a third year college student of University of the East Manila is taking up Bachelor
of Science in Accounting Technology. Accounting is a service activity which function is to
provide quantitative information, primarily financial in nature about economic entities that is
intended to be useful in making economic decision, while biology is a natural science
concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function,
growth, evolution, distribution, identification and taxonomy. There is no direct relation
between accounting and biology. But biology is significant to accounting for the reason that
there is a need to understand the environment we are living as well as the living things that
surrounds us. For the reason that these have important impacts or influences us the most. By
having this much of knowledge we can make adjustment on what principles and concepts
suits the most in the accounting.

Name: Magno, Prexy Ross M.

2016

Date: November 21,

Subject: ZNS 112

BGF

Year/Section: 3rd YearHomework #2

1) Types of compounds.

2) What are the organic compounds?

The chemical compounds of living things are known as organic
compounds because of their association with organisms and because they are carboncontaining compounds. Organic compounds, which are the compounds associated with
life processes, are the subject matter of organic chemistry. Among the numerous types
of organic compounds, four major categories are found in all living things:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
3) Write at least 5 diseases related to lack or absence of the organic compounds in the
body.
a. Carbohydrates Deficiency Diseases
i. Hyperglycemia
ii. Glycosuria
iii. Galactosemia
iv. Pentosuria
v. Diarrhoea and flatulence
vi. Ketone
vii. Under weight
b. Protein Deficiency Diseases
i. Abdominal enlargement, excessive loss in urine and disease to lower
urinary tractsii. Vomiting
iii. Diarrhea
iv. Nephrosis
v. Lassitude
vi. Oedema
vii. Kwashiorkor (Protein malnutrition)
viii. Marasmic - Kwashiorkor
ix. Negative nitrogen balance
c. Vitamin A Deficiency Diseases
i. Night-blindness, Xerophthalmia, Keratinisation of skin and mucous
membrane.
ii. Retardation of growth in children, defective growth of bone and teeth,
skin lesions, Bitot's, sports etc.

iii. Abnormalities in respiratory, GU and GI epithelium, Diarrhoea, Kidney

stone, bladder disorders, infections of vagina, depression of immune
reactions, anaemia, injury to brain and nerve causes paralysis, stunted
skull and spine.
d. Vitamin D Deficiency Diseases
i. Causes Rickets (directive bone growth) in childless, osteomalacia in
adults, disturbs calcium and phosphorous absorption.
e. Mineral Deficiency Diseases
i. Nitrogen-kwashiorkor
ii. Sodium-muscular cramps, giddiness, anorexia, scanty urine, dry mouth,
inelastic skin and disorientation.
iii. Chlorine-muscular cramps, renal disease etc.
iv. Calcium-poor skeletal growth, rickets in children, osteomalacea in
adults.
v. Manganese-poor bone development
vi. Iron-anemia, weakness, lethargy, brittle nails, koilonychia, palpitations,
breathlessness etc.
vii. Zinc-poor appetite, mental lethargy and delayed wound healing etc.
viii. Cobalt-pernicious anemia,
ix. Fluorine-dental caries
x. Iodine-goitre, cretinism in children
xi. Potassium-muscular weakness, paralysis, mental confusion, loss of
appetite, nausea, abdominal distension.
xii. Phosphorus-rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults.

Name: Magno, Prexy Ross M.

2016

Date: November 21,

Subject: ZNS 112

BGF

Year/Section: 3rd YearHomework #3

1) Draw an animal cell with labeled parts

Animal Cell

Name: Magno, Prexy Ross M.

2016

Date: November 21,

Subject: ZNS 112

BGF

Year/Section: 3rd YearHomework #3

1) Draw an animal cell with labeled parts

Animal Cell