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Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 504 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Canada ON K1H 8L6
b
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Canada ON K1N 6N5
Received 24 May 2007; accepted 11 September 2007
Available online 26 September 2007
Abstract
Nanoparticles of nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) have been produced through laser ablation in organic solution. Pure Ni, Ni50Co50 alloy, and Co metal
plates as the targets, respectively, have been irradiated under 532 nm Nd:YAG laser in ethylene glycol (EG). The produced metal nanoparticles are
stabilized with poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrollidone) (PVP) in EG. Under the same laser fluence and irradiation time, the average particle size of Ni nanoparticles
is 8 nm in diameter, smaller than 22 nm of Co nanoparticles. The laser-induced structural transition at interface of bulk metal and liquid has been
investigated. It has been found that laser-generated Co nanoparticles show fcc structure, while the target of laser ablation is hexagonal Co bulk. In
addition, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorptions of Ni and Co nanoparticles stabled by PVP in EG are 355 nm and 510 nm, respectively. This
research demonstrates that laser ablation in liquid, a one-step, non-catalyst process, can produce stable Ni and Co nanoparticles.
2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Laser ablation; Nanoparticles; X-ray diffraction; Surface plasomon resonance (SPR) absorption
1. Introduction
Nanoparticles of nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) with large
surface-volume ratio can be used in the conductive electrolytic
membranes of various fuel cells [1,2]. In addition, their enhanced
magnetic properties have been exploited in the field of data
storage devices and in ferrofluids [3,4]. However, the atmosphere
degradable makes the big challenge in their synthesis through wet
chemistry. Recently, formation of noble metal nanoparticles
under the laser ablation in aqueous has been developed. Since
there is no other specific catalyst used during the process,
generated nanoparticles keep their purity, which is frequently
suffered in the wet chemical method [5].
Mafun et al. have studied the mechanism of laser-induced
gold nanoparticles in aqueous [6]. The laser knocks off 10111012
atoms of gold into a liquid solution with each shot. The atoms
within about 40 nm of each other rapidly congregate into a
particle. Surfactant, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), will
coat the particles and compete with the gold, preventing the
particles from becoming large. Meanwhile, Tsuiji et al. studied
the dependence of particle size of silver on the laser wavelength,
and reported that particles decreased with the decreased
wavelength [7]. Later, AuAg alloy [8] at nanoscale has been
fabricated using laser ablation in aqueous. However, very few
efforts have been made to explore the method in transition metals,
e.g. Ni and Co. The possible reason is that their laser ejected d
electrons can easily react with H2O molecular to cause the
impurity. Our previous studies have shown that ethylene glycol
(EG) is used as reductive regent to produce metal nanoparticles in
polyol process [3]. Moreover, poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrollidone)
(PVP) has been widely used as a stabilizer to work with EG for
the synthesis of various kinds of nanoparticles. Consequently, this
research therefore is exploiting the new method based on laser
ablation to produce Ni and Co nanoparticles in the present of
organic liquid. The structure transition at the interface of solid
liquid is discussed by studying the microstructures of the lasergenerated Ni and Co nanoparticles. The laser ablation in liquid
1522
used in TEM analysis; C K line came from the carbon coating on the grid.
In addition, no O K line was detected.
Previous studies demonstrate that the formation of nanoparticles
under laser irradiation of a metal (M) target immersed into a liquid
proceeds via local melting of the metal [9]. The process can be described
as below;
Mbulk
heating
e ejected by laser
cooling
1523
4. Conclusions
Fig. 3. X-ray diffraction patterns (powder scan) of Ni, bi-element NiCo and Co
nanoparticles.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the University of Ottawa. We
thank Dr. Jinshen Pan from the Institute of Materials Research
Engineering at the National University of Singapore for the work
of XPS & TEM.
Appendix A. Supplementary data
Supplementary data associated with this article can be found,
in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2007.09.038.
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