Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 18

Ohya

Vol. 3, No. 1, 2, 1982

Kinematic Analysis of Articulator Motion


Part 1- Derivation of Fundamental Expressions
Sumiya Hobo, D.D.S., M.S.D. and Hisao Takayama, B.S.

Tokyo

The articulators presently used in dentistry are the results of observations, experiencesand researcheson human mandibular motion.
It would therefore be advantageous to analyze kinematically the
motion and the mechanism of existing articulators, for the following reasons:
1. Articulators themselves would contain some truth of mandibular
motion.
2. Articulators have the advantage, that they are mechanically
clear, easily accessible, adjustable and reproducible.
3. As articulators have the accepted objective in clinical use, the
kinematic analysis and the verification of motion of the articulators are important as well as that of the motion of the mandible.
A theorem in kinematics was introduced for the basis of derivation
of fundamental expressions of the motion of articulators. It includes Euler's theorem which says that; an arbitrary three dimentional displacement of a rigid body can be expressed by translation
of an arbitrary fixed point on the moving rigid body and a rotation
around that point.
The arbitrarily fixed point on the moving rigid body described in the
above theorem can be the middle point of the inter-condylar axis in
the case of protrusive movement and the opening and closing motion of the mandible, or the kinematic center of the condyle on the
working side in the case of the lateral movement of the mandible.
Based upon the theorem, the fundamental expressions for the motion of articulators was derived in a simple and clear form. In the
process of arriving at the result, an approximation had been applied in view of the minute amount of mandibular rotational movement within tooth contact conditions. The approximation became
valid, by investigating the secondary degree of minutiae.
In addition, a comparison of the accuracies was made between Arcon and Condylar types of articulators. It is pointed out that the
problem of handling articulators, for example in the idling
movements during lateral movements of Condylar type articulators, is more important than the difference of type in view of
accuracy.

84

Abstracts of Journal of Japan Gnathology

A Study on the Horizontal and Vertical Location of


the Condyle in Centric Relation
Hiroshi Muraoka, D.D.S. and Takeo Iwata, D.D.S., M.S.D.
Tokyo

Four techniques of manipulation for centric relation, including


chin-point technique, three-fingers technique, bilateral technique,
and MCL technique, were evaluated.
It was found that three methods of manipulation including threefingers, bilateral, and MCL techniques were equally effective to obtain the upper-most position of the condyles in centric relation. In
addition, these techniques seemed to result in consistant positioning of the condyles. Although latter two techniques need some
assisting for other manipulations, a choice among those three
techniques might well be up to individual preference.
On the other hand, centric relation obtained by chin-point technique was different from that obtained by three techniques mentioned. The condyles would tend to be located in the rear-most position for vast amount of the cases examined. However, in several
percent of the cases, it tended to coincide with the upper-most
position. When employing this technique, great care has to be
made so that no locking of the condyles in the inferior position
occurs.
Habitual condylar position was always anterior to those of centric
relation.

Dimentional Accuracy of Multiple


Stone Casts
Takeo Iwata, D.D.S., M.S.D.

Pour Full-Arch

Tokyo

Dimensional accuracy of multiple pour full-arch stone casts made


from non-aqueous elastomeric impression materials, namely
Permlasticand President,was studied. A maxillary metal cast, carrying eight reference marks, was employed as the master model.Ten
impressions were made of the master model with each impression
material under the same conditions. Three consecutively poured
full-arch stone casts were fabricated from each impression at pouring times of 5', 40', and 75'. Ten point-to-point distances were
determined for each of 60 stone casts; the data obtained from
those measurements were compared statistically.
The first pour stone casts from the President impressions were the
most accurate. The second and third pour stone casts were only
slightly less accurate, a statistically significant difference among

The Journal of Gnathology Vol. 2, No. 1, 1983

85

Ohya

pours existing for some of the measured distances but not others.
The Permlastic derived stone casts were not as accurate as those
from President and showed significant differences in dimensions
as the pours progressed. The difference in behavior between the
two impression materials studied can be explained, in part, by the
greater polymerization and thermal contraction and permanent
deformation following strain of the polysulfide.
Although superior dimensional accuracy and stability of the President impression would favor its expanded use rather than the expanded use of Permlastic in the fabrication of fixed restorations,
this study did not confirm the definite benefit of the introduction of
President impression material for the multiple pour technique.

A Prosthetic Case Needed Periodontal Treatment


Takashi Seido, D. D.S., D. D. Sc.
Hokkaido

Patients of over middle age usually have in their mouths variety of


diseases such as caries, periodontitis, abrations and etc.
Moreover, they usually have inlays, bridges, dentures and other accumulated traits of treatments they have had in the past. In the
worst case, they have such oral conditions as that tooth extraction
is the only curative means left behind.
When we reconstruct these mouths based on the concept of
Gnathology, we are needed to treat all portions of the mouth. To
cope with this kind of situation, we have two curative means. One
is that plural specialists undertake their parts, and another is that
one operator gives whole treatment comprehensively. Latter is called comprehensive treament. In this case, the operator is required
comprehensive knowledge and technique of high level, and as a
result, his burden becomes very heavy.
For patients, however, it will be most comfortable if highleveled inclusive treatment is kindly carried out all along by a single operator.
Oral rehabilitation demands to the operators comprehensive and
integrated knowledge, but they need such a long time to be
thoroughly acquainted with every field.
This time, I presented the case periodontally, endodontically and
prosthetically treated by a single operator.

86

Abstracts of Journal of Japan Gnathology

A Case Presentation of Occlusal Reconstruction


Malocclusion
Toshia Fujimoto, D.D.S., D.D.Sc.

in

Chiba

In prosthodontics, we have little chance of finding good ideal occlusions (non-axiversion, non-transversion and non-torsiversion).
We often find malpositions of teeth, abnormalities of arch forms
and abnormalities of arch relationships. In this case, we should
correct malocclusion by surgical or orthodontic treatment before
prosthodontic treatment. If we'll correct malpositions of teeth and
abnormalities of arch forms, we'll be able to establish more elastic,
more functional and periodontal ideal occlusion.
So, we should have synthetic informations (surgery, orthodontics,
endodontics, periodontics and prosthodontics) to occlusal
diagnosis.
Now, I present a case of occlusal reconstruction, applying surgical
treatment, minor tooth movement and surgical implantation of
Bioceram type 5 SIS.

Vol. 3, No. 3, 1982

An Experimental Electronic Recording System for the


Motion of Condyle in Three Dimensions
Part 1- Development of the Clinical System
Sumiya Hobo, D.D.S., M.S.D., Hitoshi Hayakawa, D.D.S.,
Hisao Takayama, 8.S., Takeo Iwata, D.D.S., M.S.D.,
Hiroshi kawazu, D.D.S.
Tokyo

The experimental model modified from the automatic measuring


system, being able to measure the movement of condyle in three
dimensions, had been studied and improved. And, the new electronic measuring system of the mandibular movement being applicable for the clinical operation was developed.
The features of this system are such as the followings:
1. A one-dimensional senser consisting of the light sources with
optical fibers and the CCD line image senser was newly
developed for this measuring system. The method measuring
the movement of the mandible in three dimensions was
established by means of employing three of those senser.
2. Principle of the calculation was introduced so that the movement of the center of condyle was shown based on the results of
the measurement by means of the sensers fixed anterior to the
incisal point.
3. Each configuration of the system was developed, and the total
system consisting of senser, microcomputer, fully adjustable ar-

The Journal of Gnathology Vol. 2, No. 1, 1983

87

Ohya

ticulator, and etc. was established.


4. This measuring system had the capability to measure and display
the movement of condyle as accurate as the movement of the
center of condyle would have directly been measured. For this,
the technical errors relatively common to the pantographic procedures, such as transferring the tracings to the articulator,
were reduced tremendously.
5. Since this system was not only easy but simple to operate, it
must be said that it is the measuring system of the mandibular
movement being effective and applicable for the clinical usage.

A Study on the Effect of the Sagittal lncisal Inclination upon the Fischer's Angle
Yasuhiro Kamimura, D.D.S.
Kobe

Fischer's angle is defined as the angle formed by the path of the


advancing condyle during lateral movement and the path of the advancing condyle during protrusive movement, as viewed in the
sagittal plane. Although the term Fischer's angle has such an clear
definition, and this angle has long been believed to be an important
characteristic of condylar path, several studies have thrown some
doubts on its existence.
It may be pointed out that the controversy of existence of Fischer's
angle is two-fold. One aspect of the controversy concerns the existence of Fischer's angle itself, and the other concerns the effect
of central bearing plate configuration upon features of condylar
path including Fischer's angle.
It was the purpose of this study to observe the effects of central
bearing plate configuration upon condylar path. For this, Fischer's
angle being one of the features of condylar path was investigated
in the sagittal plane.
Five adults, who were diagnosed to have normal occlusion, were
selected. Fischer's angle was recorded for each of them by means
of modified pantograph with each of three different types of central bearing plates, namely Denar-type, Stuart-type, and flat-type,
respectively. Denar-type central bearing plate had concave contour, where protrusive and lateral path had inclinations of 15 and
18 respectively against occlusal plane. Angular difference of those
path was 3. Stuart-type central bearing plate had also concave
contour, where both protrusive and lateral paths had inclinations
of 16 aginst occlusal plane, and angular difference of those paths
was 0. Among three types of central bearing plates. Stuart-type
had the feature being located more parallel to the sag1ttal condylar
path. Flat type central bearing plate had literally flat contour, where

88

Abstracts of Journal of Japan Gnathology

both protrusive and lateral paths had Oinclinations against occlusal


plane, and angular difference of those was 0. Flat type, however,
was not located on the dentition as parallel as Stuart type to the
sagittal condylar path.
Observation revealed that Fischer's angle recorded with Denartype central bearing plate was the largest, that with Stuart-type
was the smallest, and that with flat-type was the medium.
The followings are the findings of this study.
1. There exists Fischer's angle.
2. Fischer's angle was affected as configuration of central bearing
plate altered. This fact may connotate that Fischer's angle may
be affected as anterior guidance alters.
3. Angular difference between protrusive and lateral paths of central bearing plate had effect upon Fischer's angle. For instance,
the more the angular difference was, the more the Fischer's
angle was.
4. Fischer's angle became smaller as central bearing plate was
located to be more parallel to the sagittal condylar path.

Consideration about Partial Denture and a Contrivance


of Retaining Appliance-A
Point of View of Rigid
Support
Masayoshi Takubo, D. D.S., D. M.Sc.
Fukuoka

Based on clinical experience over ten years, provision of ridge support for fabrication of removable partial denture was considered to
be important for support and stability of the dentures.
About 1960, Dr. K.H. Korber improved some disadvantages of the
old telescope system and developed so-called Konuskronen
telescope. Many clinical results have been reported, since the
theoretical background and prognosis of the new device were introduced to Japan.
It is without doubt a superb device, however, author has experienced some difficulties in it, as follows:
1. In the case where anterior teeth are the abutments, those are
replaced by full-veneered gold crowns, when the partial denture
is removed, anterior gold crowns show. This may cause an
esthetic problem, which delicately affects to the patient's
psychology.
2. Retention of Konuskrone is derived from the forces of friction
between inner and outer caps. In this mechanism, very slight
space is required between the occlusal surface of an inner cap
and the inside of an outer cap. The eixstence of this space,

The Journal of Gnathology Vol. 2, No. 1, 1983

89

Ohya

however, causen such problems as follows:


(a) Substance of an outer cap of an abutment tooth at the time
when it functions, may loose centric stops.
(b) When veneered with resin on the outer cap and if shoulder is
made at the cervical part of an inner cap, the retention may
be lost due to contact of this part.
It is considered, as a counterplan, that the shoulder part of an
outer cap should be cut away slightly or an inner cap to be tapered.
The former has a demerit in plaque intrusion, while the latter in
contour of an outer cap.
(c) The support depending merely upon the effect of friction,
author feels, show some difficulties in revelation of such
grasping force as per an operator intends, and in adjusting at
the time supporting force decreases after years later.
In order to overcome these disadvantages, author has conceived a
new supporting device combining those advantages of the abovementioned device with I. C. attachment. Author has obtained,
thereupon, good results in clinical application. Since the device
has been newly conceived, author will need time to observe and
pursue the prognosis after years.

Treatment of TMJ Syndrome (collapsed bite) in


Japanese Patients
Koh Ichikawa, D. D.S., M. D.
Nagoya

Among various types of mutilated abnormal occlusion obserbable


in Japanese, some of those cases show diasthema or prognathism
of anteriors, and other symptoms due to the decrease of oral
volume, and seem to be impossible to treat due to imbalance existing between load being applied by masticatory musculature and
relatively weak support provided by periodontium.
It was, however, tried to treat such cases with a long term basis.
Treatments included general check-up and local check such as plaque control, periodontal and endodontic treatments, bite raising,
minor tooth movement, and so on. This report was dealing with
the treatment of such difficult cases which were eventually treated
favorably. And, it should be noted that maintenance of centric
stops and prevention of lateral interference were the important factors for a long term prognosis of occlusal stability.

90

Abstracts of Journal of Japan Gnathology

Vol. 3, No. 4, 1982

A Study on an Face-bow with a Sliding lntercondylar


Axis Mechanism
Part 1-Position of an Arbitrary Hinge Axis Obtained
by an Ear-bow
Hiroshi Kawazu, D. D.S.
Tokyo

Position of an arbitrary hinge axis obtained by means of an earbow with a sliding intercondylar axis mechanism was compared
with that of true hinge axis.
Ten patients without any clinically significant symptoms of occlusion were selected as the subjects. Face-bow transfers employing
arbitrary hinge axis and true hinge axis were performed, and maxillary stone casts were mounted on an articulator, respectively.
Position of the maxillary stone cast oriented with arbitrary hinge
axis was determined in comparison with that oriented with true
hinge axis, and dimensional discrepancy between those was
evaluated.
Results are as follows:
1. Arbitrary hinge axis obtained by means of an ear-bow had
average dimensional discrepancy of 6.05 mm to terminal hinge
axis. 60 percents of the subjects have discrepancy less than 5
mm.
2. Arbitrary hinge axis reproduced on an articulator tends to be
located backward and downward. This is considered due to illfitting of the ear-piece to the auditory meatus.

3. There was no indication that the reference pin index depressed


the accuracy of reproducibility of opening and closing axis.

Kinematic Analysis of Articulator Motion


Part 2- Mathematical Expressions
Sumiya Hobo, D.D.S., M.S.D. and Hisao Takayama, 8.S.
Tokyo

The fundamental expressions had been derived from the previous


report in the form of being applicable to the motion of articulators
in general. By applying them, the practical expressions for the motion of arbitrary fixed point on the maxillary frame, in reference to
coordinates fixed on the mandibular frame, were derived from
opening and closing motion, protrusive motions, left and right
lateral motions respectively.
As the mathematical expressions, which were derived from this
study, are based upon Euler's theorem, those expressions are
justified in principle and are simple in their form. Only one variable

The Journal of Gnathology Vol. 2, No. 1, 1983

91

Ohya

is included in the practical expressions for opening and closing motion. This means the number of the degree of freedom is one during the motion. And two variables are included in the practical exepressions for protrusive motion, left and right lateral motions
respectively. This comes from the fact that the number of the
degree of freedom is two during the respective motion.
Having applied these results to the articulator with incisal table, it is
shown that frontal inclination and horizontal angle of lateral incisal
path are both determined automatically, by settling sagittal inclination and horizontal angle of lateral condylar path and sagittal inclination of lateral incisal path. Thus the trough-like form of the incisal table can be calculated. This is considered to be a kinematical
conclusion for the dispute between Gysi and Fisher.

Visible Centric Recording Technique


Haruhiko Abe, D.D.S.
Sendai

Gnathology is the science that treats of the biologics of the


masticatory mechanism; that is the morphology, anatomy, history,
phisiology, pathology and therapeutics of the oral organ, especially
the jaw and teeth and the vital relations of this organ to the rest of
the body.
It is not too much to say that the science of gnathology is based on
the theory of terminal hinge axis and also centric relation.
Aside from this theory, it is really so necessary for us as the practioners to have an ability of recording them when we treat or
diagnose the biologics of the masticatory mechanism by the
gnathological concepts. Otherwise, the practioners who have not
learned a method for precise location of the position of centric relation will have great difficulty analyzing the problems of the
masticatory mechanism.
However, this is the fact that it is really a complicated matter not
only recording centric relation but also understanding it for young
unskilled dentists although they have learned through the
seminars.
Author can find the reasons of this matter. This is the reason why
there is no unifying concepts about "centric relation", also technique how to manipulate jaw position for recording it. Since
gnathology was born, a lot of methods have been advocated by
many authorities, but almost of them, it is nothing and their experimental explanations are not clear.
Recently, it can be said there is growing agreement among

92

Abstracts of Journal of Japan Gnathology

authorities that the time honored definitions and also manipulations of "centric relation" are not valid.
The purpose of this article is to describe with above mentioned
facts; ( 1) the concepts about centric relation concerning the jaw
mechanism as lever system in mastication, (2) re-evaluation of
manipulation techniques for centric relation from this standing
concept, and (3) a method named "visible centric recording technique", by which it can be grasped precise location of the position of
centric relation easily as a point.

Vol. 4, No. 1, 1983

Study on Accuracy of Electronic Pantograph by using


a Semi-Adjustable Articulator
Kazuhiro Yazawa, D.D.S.
Tokyo

There are two types of electronic pantograph available in Japan.


One type is made in the United States (D instrument), and another
type is made in Japan (H instrument). Measuring accuracy of these
types of electronic pantograph was compared in this study. Each
of D instrument and H instrument was attached to the same semiadjustable articulator, respectively, and the difference between the
set values of the articulator and the output values of the electronic
pantographs were obtained and evaluated. The results are summarized as follows:
1. Concerning the measuring accuracy for sagittal condylar path
inclination, the S.D. obtained from H instument was three times
and one-half smaller than that obtained from D instrument.
2. H instrument resulted in the better measuring accuracy regarding the absolute values of the immediate side shift in comparison
with D instrument. And, the S. D. of the date obtained from H
instrument was 1.7 times smaller than that obtained from Dinstrument. Further, it was judged from the eye measurementthat
H instrument was superior to D instrument concerning the
graphic displays of the horizontal lateral condylar paths.
3. As for the measuring accuracy for progressive side shift, the
S.D. obtained from H instrument was one and one-half times
smaller than that obtained from D instrument when the sagittal
condylar path inclination of the articulator was fixed to 30
degrees. The output data regarding the progressive side shift
obtained from D instrument altered in combination with the
changes of sagittal condylar path inclination although the progressive side shift of the articulator was fixed to the constant
value.
4. Abnormal data regarding sagittal condylar path inclination and
progressive side sift were observed for D instrument.
5. It may be concluded that the measuring accuracy of H instru-

The Journal of Gnathology Vol. 2, No. 1, 1983

93

Ohya

ment was 2.3 times better than that of D instrument when abnormal data were excluded. If those abnormal data were included, the measuring accuracy of H instrument was five times better than that of D instrument.
6. A couple of reasons may be pointed out concerning the difference of the measuring accuracy between those two types
electronic pantographs. The sensor of H instrument is noncontact type, while that of D instrument is contact type. Obviously, non-contact type of sensor results in the better measuring accuracy.
Computer calculations are achieved in H instrument system so
that movement of the center of condyle is obtained, While Dinstrument simply displays the results of measurement obtained
outride of the face and calculations for obtaining the real movement of the center of condyle does not seem to be realized.

Kinematic analysis of Articulator Motion


Part 3- Three Dimentional Orbits of Lateral Movement
Sumiya Hobo, D.D.S., M.S.D. and Hisao Takayama, 8.S.
Tokyo

Three dimensional orbits of maxillary incisal point, mesiolingual


cusp of the first molor, and the center of the condyle during protrusive, left lateral and right lateral movements of the articulator
were obtained by means of computer calculation. The results are
as follow:
1. Saggital condylar path inclination has a great effect upon the
morphology of the molar cusps. There is a tendency that the
greater the sagittal condylar path inclination is, the steeper the
cuspal inclination becomes, and the gothic arch angle also gets
greater.
2. Progressive side shift and the Bennett angle have less effect
upon the morphology of the molar cusps compared with sagittal
condylar path inclination. However, those effects cannot be ignored totally.
3. The distance between the centers of the condyles has as much
effect upon the morphology of the molar cusp as progressive
side shift has.
4. Immediate side shift has a great effect upon the morphology of
the molar cusps and its effect is as great as, the sagittal condylar
path inclination. From the quantitative analyses in this study,
the fact that the significance of immediate side shift had been
pointed out in Gnathology proved to be right.
5. Quantitative analysesconcerning the effect of each factor of the
condylar path upon the morphology of molar cusps were performed. According to the results, three degrees of sagittal con-

94

Abstracts of Journal of Japan Gnathology

dylar path inclination, six degrees of the Bennett angle and progressive side shift, 10 mm of the distance between the centers of
the condyles, and 0.1 mm of immediate side shift during lateral
movement are equally effective when 0.09 mm3 ground volume
is equivalent.
6. From the quantitative analyses mentioned above, comparative
effectiveness of each factor of condylar path upon morphology
of the molar cusps were measured. The results indicated that
sagittal condylar path inclination and immediate side shift are
equally effective and that progressive side shift, the Bennett
angle and the distance between the centers of the condyles are
approximately one-fourth as effective as sagittal condylar path
inclination and immediate side shift.

Study on Maxillary Triangle


Hajime Mayama, D.D.S., D.D.Sc.
Tokyo

The purpose of this study was to measure and to analyze the form
and the size of human maxillary triangle. Furthermore, the designs
regarding to the intercondylar distance of the articulators were
evaluated in comparison with those of the human maxillary
triangle.
30 Japanese adults, consisting of 15 males and 15 females, with
ages ranging from 20 to 40 were selected. The qualifying criterion
was that their maxillomandibular relation be orthognathic.
Prior to the measurements of maxillary triangle, hinge axis location
and hinge bow transfer, were performed.
The distance between left and right stylus and the distances between left stylus and right stylus and maxillary incisal point were
determined with the measuring device.
The results of measurement were summarized as follows:
1. The average face width of the male group was 15.3 cm. The
average distance of skin to incisal point was 12.4 cm on the right
and 12.3 cm on the left.
2. The average face width of the female group was 14.4 cm. The
average distance of skin to incisal point was 11.6 cm on the right
and 11.3 cm on the left.
3. The average face width of 30 adults was 14.9 cm. The average
distance of skin to incisal point was 12.0 cm on the right and
11.8 cm on the left.
Based on those results, maxillary triangles of the group was obtained by subtracting 4.6 cm from the facial width. The distance
of condylar point to incisal point was determined by geometrical

The Journal of Gnathology Vol. 2, No. 1, 1983

95

Ohya

means.
4. According to the results, the average intercondylar distance of
the male group was 10.7 cm. The average distance of condylar
to incisal point was 11.1 cm on the right and 11.1 cm on the left.
5. The average intercondylar distance of the male group was 9.8
cm. The average distance of condylar to incisal point is 10.3 cm
on the right, and 10.1 cm on the left.
6. The average intercondylar distance of all the group was 10.3 cm,
the average distance of condylar to incisal point is 10.7 cm on
the right, and 10.6 cm on the left.
7. The shape of maxillary triangle was considered to be isosceles
triangle, however, definite conclusion concerning the average
size and shape of human maxillary triangle could not be made
due to lack of the number of the group. Tremendous number of
the group may be needed for this type of study.
8. The intercondylar distance of articulator most suitable to provide
was 10.5 cm as far as the anatomical mean value of intercondylar
distance was concerned.

Occlusal Sound-Wave Detector


Yoshitane Tanaka, D.D.S.
Fukuoka

Not much study has been reported concerning the clinical application of occlusal sound for examination and diagnosis of occlusion.
Stewart (1953), Thompson (1954), Schwontz (1959), and Silverman (1962) studied the tooth contact sounds and the TMJ sounds
by means of the stethoscope or by directly listening to those.
Those methods, however, did not provide reliable results for they
did depend entirely upon the listener's auditory sense.
In order to analyze the occlusal sounds in much objective manner,
Watt (1967) and Brenman (1972) developed the new methodology,
of which the visual records of sound of occlusion was possible.
Occlusal sound was picked from the bone transmission sound by
microphone and was transduced to the electrical signals and
displayed on the magnetic oscilloscope or braun tube oscilloscope.
Figures displayed may be stored in the pen-recorder or pictured.
Brenman (1972) developed occlusograph being applicable for occlusal analysis in clinical dentistry.
Several studies have been reported concerning the occlusal sounds
on the Japanese journals of prosthodontics or other dental
associations since 1960s. Author developed two types of the occlusal sound wave detector, namely DNETAL sound CHEKER 201
and 202, in 1976 and 1977, respectively. In those detectors, occlusal sound wave was picked by the microphone, and the

96

Abstracts of Journal of Japan Gnathology

amplitude, duration, dispanity in impact time and so on, were


observed so as to examine stability of tooth contact.
lnspite of excellent clinical performance of the occlusal sound wave
detecter, there still are a few problems such as the obscrity or the
resonance of the sounds through the body structure. This article
dealt with the analysis of the occlusal sound waves displayed on
the detector.

Consideration for Remounting


Haruki Kobayashi, D.D.S., M.D.
Saitama

When many teeth are restored, restoration must always be matched with each organ and must show ideal function. However, by the
time restoration is completed, various elements have added concerning accuracy. In other words, tiny error will be accumulated in
the process from impression to restoration which will finally cause
a big error. The remounting removes those accumulated errors in
each of these processes. Author with to introduce a modified
Thomas remounting technique.

Method of Occlusal Diagnosis for Oral Rehabilitation


Hiroshi Tomokiyo, D.D.S., D.M.Sc.
Fukuoka

Methods of occlusal diagnosis for oral rehabilitation were discussed. Among the methods, one employing articulator has been
popular for a long time, Krough-Paulsen's palpation became
popular rather recently. And now, functional occlusal diagnosis
employing Dental Electronic apparatus including dental sound
checker and Mandibular kinesiograph are available.
Further, standardization of TMJ radiographs provides access for
using them in occlusal diagnosis. These old and new methods are
not effective by itself, but helpful for occlusal diagnosis when the
result of each method were comprehended and combined
thoroughly.
This report dealt with the kn9wledges and techniques being
necessary to operate those methods so that the dentists can use
those as proper diagnostic means for determining occlusion.

The Journal of Gnathology Vol. 2, No. 1, 1983

97

Ohya

Vol. 4, No. 2, 1983

A Clinical Study of Stomatognathic Dysfunction


Yusaku ltoh, D. D.S.
Kobe

Patients with stomatognathic dysfunction were evaluated in terms


of subjective symptoms, premature contact in the centric position,
amount of mandibular movement, the maximum amount of opening, pulpation of the muscles and temporomandibular joint, arthrosound and Helkimo Index, and the following results were obtained:
1. Clicking was the most common subjective symptom, accounting for 34.5% of all the cases.
2. The dominant site of premature contact in the centric position
was the left molar region.
3. The maximum average distances of protrusive movement were
8.6 mm 2.4 mm for men and 8.5 mm 3.3 mm for women. The
maximum distances of right and left lateral movements averaged
7.9 mm 3.3 mm and 8.22.9 mm for men and 7.2 mm 1.8
mm, respectively.
4. The maximum average amounts of opening were 47.6 mm 7.8
mm for men and 44.1 mm 5.7 mm for women.
5. The palpation of the muscles and temporomandibular joints
revealed multiple tender pain points deep in the external and internal pterygoid and masseter muscles.
6. The examination of arthrosound showed tender pain in the temporomandibular joint and muscles on the side demonstrating
clicking.
7. Premature contact in the centric position had some correlation
with pain points in the muscles, and also correlated with clicking.
8. The calculations of Helkimo Index are considered effective for
the judgement of stmatognathic dysfunction.

Low-Fusing Ni-Cr Alloys as a Prosthodontic Material


Part 1-A Study of Adaptability
Shohsuke Ohtsuka, D.D.Sc.
Tokyo

This study showed requirements to construct well-adapted


restorations with Ni-Cr casting alloys.
1. The alloy should have a relatively low solid point below 1250C.
2. The investment material should have small setting expansion
and mostly should expand on heating with less deformation.
The low-fusing Ni-Cr alloys studied had a solid point as low as
1030C, and demonstrated adaptability comparable to that of gold,
silver and paradium alloys.

98

Abstracts of Journal of Japan Gnathology

Adjustment Mechanism of Adjustable Articulators


Kohtaro Saiki, C.D. T.

Tokyo

Articulators were divided into the following three groups according


to their adjustment capability for comparison.
Group 1: Articulators with balancing adjustment mechanism only.
Group 2: Articulators with balancing adjustment mechanism and
changeable intercondylar distance mechanism.
Group 3: Articulators
balancing and working adjustment
mechanism and changeable intercondylar distance
mechanism.
As far as the mandibular position of the balancing condyle is concerned, the articulators in all the groups can adjust it and completely reproduce the position of the human condyle. In the working side, however, adjustment range varies from group to group.
When projecting to the sagittal plane, the articulators in the group
1 can express the condylar position only by a point. The articulators in the group 2 can express it by a line which is a continuity or points. The articulators in the group 3 have adjustment
capability as a plane. In a three dimensional observation of this in
connection with the first mandibular position from which lateral
movement starts, the ajdustment range of group 1 is a line which
can be drawn horizontally, an area for the group 2 and a volume for
the group 3, increasing adjustment capability a dimensional each.
With an increase in adjustment capability, reproducibility naturally
increases.
The adjustment of the condylar path is basically possible only on
the balancing side of the articulators in the group 3. The curve of
the lateral condylar path is more significant than that of the sagittal
condylar path, taking the effects of tooth path on the condylar
path into account.

Clinical Significance of Occlusion


Tamotsu Kojima, D.D.S.

Tokyo

What can be a good guide for the initial evaluation, diagnosis and
the subsequent treatment in practice? There may be 3 points: centric position, occlusal plane and vertical dimension constituting
practical oclusion observed in daily practice.
Dental examinations of patients very often reveal discrepancy between the centric and intercuspal positions and premature contact.
Sometimes, premature contact has been artificially created by the

The Journal of Gnathology Vol. 2, No. 1, 1983

99

Ohya

inserted restorations such as crowns and bridges.


It is clinically often seen that the occlusal plane has not been flat
but has created concave and convex due to abrasion and attrition,
loss and elongation of teeth, excessive contact between anterial
teeth caused by reduced vertical dimension or the form of artificial
restorations.
Vertical dimension has been occasionally lowered too much by
abrasion and attrition, the disposition of the remaining teeth due to
the loss of teeth or inproper height of occlusion of artificial restorations such as crowns and dentures. Peter K. Thomas stated that
you should never change the vertical dimension and if not change,
full mouth reconstruction would work well. In dental practice in
Japan, we often see the case where vertical dimension is too low
partially due to indifference to oral hygeine and oral function, and it
is true that we cannot always do a good job without changing vertical dimension.
Based on these facts, the author believes that three points consisting of centric position, occlusal plane and vertical dimension
are important reference points for evaluation, diagnosis and the
subsequent treatment. He calls them "three cornerstones of occlusion" on practical basis.

A Clinical Report on Oral Rehabilitation


Implant
Hideo Kawahara, D.D.S.

Using Ceramic

Fukuoka

Favorable results were obtained by using Bioceram sapphire for


the cases of oral rehabilitation. The suprastructure of implants was
constracted with the emphasis placed on the following points:
1. Cuspid quidance was developed in occlusion.
2. The load bearing of the suprastructure of the implant was relieved by extremely narrowing the width of the occlusal surface.
3. A secure centric stop was developed in the individual tooth in
the posterior region to develop occlusion in which the upper and
lower teeth can readisclude during late~al movement. This
prevents both implant and teeth from lateral forces.
4. A hygienic space adequate for good oral hygiene was provided
between the cervix of the implant and the adjacent tooth.

Masao Ohya, D.D.S., D.M.Sc.


Editor of Journal of
Japan Gnathology

100

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi