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Tokyo
The articulators presently used in dentistry are the results of observations, experiencesand researcheson human mandibular motion.
It would therefore be advantageous to analyze kinematically the
motion and the mechanism of existing articulators, for the following reasons:
1. Articulators themselves would contain some truth of mandibular
motion.
2. Articulators have the advantage, that they are mechanically
clear, easily accessible, adjustable and reproducible.
3. As articulators have the accepted objective in clinical use, the
kinematic analysis and the verification of motion of the articulators are important as well as that of the motion of the mandible.
A theorem in kinematics was introduced for the basis of derivation
of fundamental expressions of the motion of articulators. It includes Euler's theorem which says that; an arbitrary three dimentional displacement of a rigid body can be expressed by translation
of an arbitrary fixed point on the moving rigid body and a rotation
around that point.
The arbitrarily fixed point on the moving rigid body described in the
above theorem can be the middle point of the inter-condylar axis in
the case of protrusive movement and the opening and closing motion of the mandible, or the kinematic center of the condyle on the
working side in the case of the lateral movement of the mandible.
Based upon the theorem, the fundamental expressions for the motion of articulators was derived in a simple and clear form. In the
process of arriving at the result, an approximation had been applied in view of the minute amount of mandibular rotational movement within tooth contact conditions. The approximation became
valid, by investigating the secondary degree of minutiae.
In addition, a comparison of the accuracies was made between Arcon and Condylar types of articulators. It is pointed out that the
problem of handling articulators, for example in the idling
movements during lateral movements of Condylar type articulators, is more important than the difference of type in view of
accuracy.
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Pour Full-Arch
Tokyo
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pours existing for some of the measured distances but not others.
The Permlastic derived stone casts were not as accurate as those
from President and showed significant differences in dimensions
as the pours progressed. The difference in behavior between the
two impression materials studied can be explained, in part, by the
greater polymerization and thermal contraction and permanent
deformation following strain of the polysulfide.
Although superior dimensional accuracy and stability of the President impression would favor its expanded use rather than the expanded use of Permlastic in the fabrication of fixed restorations,
this study did not confirm the definite benefit of the introduction of
President impression material for the multiple pour technique.
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in
Chiba
In prosthodontics, we have little chance of finding good ideal occlusions (non-axiversion, non-transversion and non-torsiversion).
We often find malpositions of teeth, abnormalities of arch forms
and abnormalities of arch relationships. In this case, we should
correct malocclusion by surgical or orthodontic treatment before
prosthodontic treatment. If we'll correct malpositions of teeth and
abnormalities of arch forms, we'll be able to establish more elastic,
more functional and periodontal ideal occlusion.
So, we should have synthetic informations (surgery, orthodontics,
endodontics, periodontics and prosthodontics) to occlusal
diagnosis.
Now, I present a case of occlusal reconstruction, applying surgical
treatment, minor tooth movement and surgical implantation of
Bioceram type 5 SIS.
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Ohya
A Study on the Effect of the Sagittal lncisal Inclination upon the Fischer's Angle
Yasuhiro Kamimura, D.D.S.
Kobe
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Based on clinical experience over ten years, provision of ridge support for fabrication of removable partial denture was considered to
be important for support and stability of the dentures.
About 1960, Dr. K.H. Korber improved some disadvantages of the
old telescope system and developed so-called Konuskronen
telescope. Many clinical results have been reported, since the
theoretical background and prognosis of the new device were introduced to Japan.
It is without doubt a superb device, however, author has experienced some difficulties in it, as follows:
1. In the case where anterior teeth are the abutments, those are
replaced by full-veneered gold crowns, when the partial denture
is removed, anterior gold crowns show. This may cause an
esthetic problem, which delicately affects to the patient's
psychology.
2. Retention of Konuskrone is derived from the forces of friction
between inner and outer caps. In this mechanism, very slight
space is required between the occlusal surface of an inner cap
and the inside of an outer cap. The eixstence of this space,
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Position of an arbitrary hinge axis obtained by means of an earbow with a sliding intercondylar axis mechanism was compared
with that of true hinge axis.
Ten patients without any clinically significant symptoms of occlusion were selected as the subjects. Face-bow transfers employing
arbitrary hinge axis and true hinge axis were performed, and maxillary stone casts were mounted on an articulator, respectively.
Position of the maxillary stone cast oriented with arbitrary hinge
axis was determined in comparison with that oriented with true
hinge axis, and dimensional discrepancy between those was
evaluated.
Results are as follows:
1. Arbitrary hinge axis obtained by means of an ear-bow had
average dimensional discrepancy of 6.05 mm to terminal hinge
axis. 60 percents of the subjects have discrepancy less than 5
mm.
2. Arbitrary hinge axis reproduced on an articulator tends to be
located backward and downward. This is considered due to illfitting of the ear-piece to the auditory meatus.
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is included in the practical expressions for opening and closing motion. This means the number of the degree of freedom is one during the motion. And two variables are included in the practical exepressions for protrusive motion, left and right lateral motions
respectively. This comes from the fact that the number of the
degree of freedom is two during the respective motion.
Having applied these results to the articulator with incisal table, it is
shown that frontal inclination and horizontal angle of lateral incisal
path are both determined automatically, by settling sagittal inclination and horizontal angle of lateral condylar path and sagittal inclination of lateral incisal path. Thus the trough-like form of the incisal table can be calculated. This is considered to be a kinematical
conclusion for the dispute between Gysi and Fisher.
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authorities that the time honored definitions and also manipulations of "centric relation" are not valid.
The purpose of this article is to describe with above mentioned
facts; ( 1) the concepts about centric relation concerning the jaw
mechanism as lever system in mastication, (2) re-evaluation of
manipulation techniques for centric relation from this standing
concept, and (3) a method named "visible centric recording technique", by which it can be grasped precise location of the position of
centric relation easily as a point.
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ment was 2.3 times better than that of D instrument when abnormal data were excluded. If those abnormal data were included, the measuring accuracy of H instrument was five times better than that of D instrument.
6. A couple of reasons may be pointed out concerning the difference of the measuring accuracy between those two types
electronic pantographs. The sensor of H instrument is noncontact type, while that of D instrument is contact type. Obviously, non-contact type of sensor results in the better measuring accuracy.
Computer calculations are achieved in H instrument system so
that movement of the center of condyle is obtained, While Dinstrument simply displays the results of measurement obtained
outride of the face and calculations for obtaining the real movement of the center of condyle does not seem to be realized.
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dylar path inclination, six degrees of the Bennett angle and progressive side shift, 10 mm of the distance between the centers of
the condyles, and 0.1 mm of immediate side shift during lateral
movement are equally effective when 0.09 mm3 ground volume
is equivalent.
6. From the quantitative analyses mentioned above, comparative
effectiveness of each factor of condylar path upon morphology
of the molar cusps were measured. The results indicated that
sagittal condylar path inclination and immediate side shift are
equally effective and that progressive side shift, the Bennett
angle and the distance between the centers of the condyles are
approximately one-fourth as effective as sagittal condylar path
inclination and immediate side shift.
The purpose of this study was to measure and to analyze the form
and the size of human maxillary triangle. Furthermore, the designs
regarding to the intercondylar distance of the articulators were
evaluated in comparison with those of the human maxillary
triangle.
30 Japanese adults, consisting of 15 males and 15 females, with
ages ranging from 20 to 40 were selected. The qualifying criterion
was that their maxillomandibular relation be orthognathic.
Prior to the measurements of maxillary triangle, hinge axis location
and hinge bow transfer, were performed.
The distance between left and right stylus and the distances between left stylus and right stylus and maxillary incisal point were
determined with the measuring device.
The results of measurement were summarized as follows:
1. The average face width of the male group was 15.3 cm. The
average distance of skin to incisal point was 12.4 cm on the right
and 12.3 cm on the left.
2. The average face width of the female group was 14.4 cm. The
average distance of skin to incisal point was 11.6 cm on the right
and 11.3 cm on the left.
3. The average face width of 30 adults was 14.9 cm. The average
distance of skin to incisal point was 12.0 cm on the right and
11.8 cm on the left.
Based on those results, maxillary triangles of the group was obtained by subtracting 4.6 cm from the facial width. The distance
of condylar point to incisal point was determined by geometrical
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means.
4. According to the results, the average intercondylar distance of
the male group was 10.7 cm. The average distance of condylar
to incisal point was 11.1 cm on the right and 11.1 cm on the left.
5. The average intercondylar distance of the male group was 9.8
cm. The average distance of condylar to incisal point is 10.3 cm
on the right, and 10.1 cm on the left.
6. The average intercondylar distance of all the group was 10.3 cm,
the average distance of condylar to incisal point is 10.7 cm on
the right, and 10.6 cm on the left.
7. The shape of maxillary triangle was considered to be isosceles
triangle, however, definite conclusion concerning the average
size and shape of human maxillary triangle could not be made
due to lack of the number of the group. Tremendous number of
the group may be needed for this type of study.
8. The intercondylar distance of articulator most suitable to provide
was 10.5 cm as far as the anatomical mean value of intercondylar
distance was concerned.
Not much study has been reported concerning the clinical application of occlusal sound for examination and diagnosis of occlusion.
Stewart (1953), Thompson (1954), Schwontz (1959), and Silverman (1962) studied the tooth contact sounds and the TMJ sounds
by means of the stethoscope or by directly listening to those.
Those methods, however, did not provide reliable results for they
did depend entirely upon the listener's auditory sense.
In order to analyze the occlusal sounds in much objective manner,
Watt (1967) and Brenman (1972) developed the new methodology,
of which the visual records of sound of occlusion was possible.
Occlusal sound was picked from the bone transmission sound by
microphone and was transduced to the electrical signals and
displayed on the magnetic oscilloscope or braun tube oscilloscope.
Figures displayed may be stored in the pen-recorder or pictured.
Brenman (1972) developed occlusograph being applicable for occlusal analysis in clinical dentistry.
Several studies have been reported concerning the occlusal sounds
on the Japanese journals of prosthodontics or other dental
associations since 1960s. Author developed two types of the occlusal sound wave detector, namely DNETAL sound CHEKER 201
and 202, in 1976 and 1977, respectively. In those detectors, occlusal sound wave was picked by the microphone, and the
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When many teeth are restored, restoration must always be matched with each organ and must show ideal function. However, by the
time restoration is completed, various elements have added concerning accuracy. In other words, tiny error will be accumulated in
the process from impression to restoration which will finally cause
a big error. The remounting removes those accumulated errors in
each of these processes. Author with to introduce a modified
Thomas remounting technique.
Methods of occlusal diagnosis for oral rehabilitation were discussed. Among the methods, one employing articulator has been
popular for a long time, Krough-Paulsen's palpation became
popular rather recently. And now, functional occlusal diagnosis
employing Dental Electronic apparatus including dental sound
checker and Mandibular kinesiograph are available.
Further, standardization of TMJ radiographs provides access for
using them in occlusal diagnosis. These old and new methods are
not effective by itself, but helpful for occlusal diagnosis when the
result of each method were comprehended and combined
thoroughly.
This report dealt with the kn9wledges and techniques being
necessary to operate those methods so that the dentists can use
those as proper diagnostic means for determining occlusion.
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Tokyo
Tokyo
What can be a good guide for the initial evaluation, diagnosis and
the subsequent treatment in practice? There may be 3 points: centric position, occlusal plane and vertical dimension constituting
practical oclusion observed in daily practice.
Dental examinations of patients very often reveal discrepancy between the centric and intercuspal positions and premature contact.
Sometimes, premature contact has been artificially created by the
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Using Ceramic
Fukuoka
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