Now we're going to have a quick review

of the 12 verb tenses in English. You should've studied these before now so
this will be just a very quick review. First we have the simple tenses. Simple p
resent,
simple past and simple future. Simple present is used to show
something that happens regularly or doesn't happen regularly. It shows habit. So
Jerry plays tennis everyday shows us
something that he does on a regular basis. The verb plays, you'll notice,
has an s on the end. For singular subjects, we have to have
an s on the verb in simple present tense. If it's a plural subject you won't
have any ending on the verb. For simple past tense we want to show
something that happened in the past and finished in the past at a particular tim
e. Jerry played tennis yesterday, is
a specific time when he did some action. To show the action that
happened in the simple past for regular verbs, we just use ed. The hard part is
for
the irregular verbs like sit or eat. You have to remember that there's
a special past tense form for each of those irregular verbs. To show simple futu
re, we use the word
will plus the simple form of the verb. So, will play is used
to show future tense. Then we have the progressive tenses. Progressive tenses sh
ow that an action is
continuing at a certain period of time. Present progressive shows
what is happening right now. To make the present progressive
we need two parts of the verb. We need a be verb and an ing. If your subject is
singular,
then you'll use the singular be verb is. If your subject is plural
like Jennifer and Mary, you use the be verb are, plus the ing. For past progress
ive, we want to show an action that was
continuing at a certain time in the past. Again, we need two parts of the verb,
be verb and ing. But for past progressive,
you use past tense be verbs, was and were. Was is the singular,
were is the plural, and your ing. Future progressive shows something
that will be happening continuously at a time in the future. To make the future
progressive,
we use the word will plus be and the ing. Will is a motile that has to have
a simple form of a verb after it so we don't use is or are. After will you use t
he simple
form be plus your ing. Now we're going to talk
about the perfect tenses. Present perfect is used to show
something that happened in the past before now at
a non-specific time. Or something that happened
regularly in the past, lots of times, but
again at non specific times. The emphasis with present perfect is to
show that something happened in the past before now. So it's related to the pres
ent but
it shows something from the past. So in the first example Steve
has eaten sushi before. When did he eat sushi? It was sometime before now but
we don't when. To make the present perfect we
need two parts of the verb. We need the present tense of have and if it's singul
ar we use has and
we need a past participle. The past participle of eat is eaten. Past perfect is
a little more difficult. Past perfect has nothing
to do with the present. That's what different
from present perfect. Present perfect now is important,
in past perfect now is not important. When we talk about past perfect, we're
talking about two actions in the past and we want to show that one of the action
s
happened before the other action, in the past. So, in this example, Alan had not
studied before he took the test. What are the two actions? You have studied and

took. So we want to show that in the past, before he took the test,
he had not studied. This is a negative. But your past perfect is made
by using the past tense of have, which is had, and the past participle
of study, which is studied. This verb here is just simple past tense. The one th
at happened before the other
is going to be the past perfect. And then we have future perfect. Future perfect
refers to
two actions in the future. Again, now is not important
with future perfect. In this example, I will have seen
the new movie six times by next week, the two points in time are seeing
the movie and next weekend. Sorry, weekend. So before next weekend,
I will have seen the movie. To show the thing that
happens before the other, I use the future perfect, will have seen. I use will p
lus the verb have
in it's simple form because it's after will and
the past participle of see which is seen. This future perfect shows me that
this will happen before this time. Finally we have the perfect progressive
tenses and these combine what we already learned about the perfect with what we
already learned about the progressive. Present perfect progressive must
have three parts to the verb. You need to have, have or has, because that makes
it perfect,
perfect right there. You need been,
which is the past participial of be, because that's also part
of making it perfect, and you need the ing with your be,
because that makes it progressive. Present perfect progressive shows
that something started before now and has continued and
may continue even longer. Present perfect progressive is not
very different from present perfect. The emphasis is on the time
that the action goes on. Past perfect progressive shows
that something was happening in the past and may have been
going on before something else. He had been sleeping for ten hours. That means t
hat he was doing
this action continuously for the duration of ten hours. The focus is on the leng
th
of time that he did this. Past perfect progressive is made with a
past tense of have, so we have had again. And then a past participle of the be v
erb,
been, and an ing. Future perfect progressive
emphasizes a continuous action in the future that lasts continuously. We will ha
ve been studying for a month, has a similar meaning with the future
perfect, we will have studied for a month. But because it's perfect and progress
ive, we're emphasizing the continuous
action for some period of time.