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The petitioners were affected by the reorganization of the Ministry of Tourism under Executive Order No. 120, which deemed employees whose positions were not included in the new structure as separated from service. The Department of Tourism issued orders declaring all positions vacant, leading to the separation of petitioners. The petitioners claimed they should not lose seniority rights and should receive back pay. The Supreme Court ruled the petitioners must be reinstated immediately without loss of seniority rights and receive back pay computed under the new structure from the date of invalid dismissal at not lower rates than their former salaries for up to 5 years. The Court found the Executive Order unconstitutional and the dismissals invalid, so officials must undo the effects of the illegal act and
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Aldovino v Alunan III [G.R. No. 102232] (230 SCRA 825)
The petitioners were affected by the reorganization of the Ministry of Tourism under Executive Order No. 120, which deemed employees whose positions were not included in the new structure as separated from service. The Department of Tourism issued orders declaring all positions vacant, leading to the separation of petitioners. The petitioners claimed they should not lose seniority rights and should receive back pay. The Supreme Court ruled the petitioners must be reinstated immediately without loss of seniority rights and receive back pay computed under the new structure from the date of invalid dismissal at not lower rates than their former salaries for up to 5 years. The Court found the Executive Order unconstitutional and the dismissals invalid, so officials must undo the effects of the illegal act and
The petitioners were affected by the reorganization of the Ministry of Tourism under Executive Order No. 120, which deemed employees whose positions were not included in the new structure as separated from service. The Department of Tourism issued orders declaring all positions vacant, leading to the separation of petitioners. The petitioners claimed they should not lose seniority rights and should receive back pay. The Supreme Court ruled the petitioners must be reinstated immediately without loss of seniority rights and receive back pay computed under the new structure from the date of invalid dismissal at not lower rates than their former salaries for up to 5 years. The Court found the Executive Order unconstitutional and the dismissals invalid, so officials must undo the effects of the illegal act and
March, 1994 Facts: The petitioners herein were affected by reorganizing of Ministry of Tourism as provided in Section 29 of Executive Order No. 120 which took effect on January 30, 1987. The Executive Order provides that incumbents whose positions are not included in the new position structure and staffing pattern or who are not reappointed are deemed separated from the service. Pursuant to this, the Department of Tourism (DOT, formerly the Ministry of Tourism) issued various office orders and memoranda declaring all positions thereat vacant. To that effect, it lead to the separation of many of its employees including the petitioners. The court had previously decided similar cases of Mandani, Abrogar and Arnaldo. The petitioners and intervenors claimed that they should not be deprived of the relief granted to their former co-employees plead for reinstatement without the loss of seniority rights. Furthermore, they claimed for back salaries will be computed under the new staffing pattern from dates of their invalid termination at rates not lower than their former salaries. Iddue: Whether or not the petitioners and intervenors must be reinstated and paid of their back wages. Held: The Supreme Court ruled that herein petitioners are reinstated immediately to their former positions without loss of seniority rights and with back salaries computed under new staffing pattern from the dates of their invalid dismissal at rates not lower than their former salaries but not to exceed a period of 5 years with several provisions
Having found out that the Executive Order is unconstitutional, thus
dismissal of the employees is also unconstitutional. The courts declared its total nullity. An unconstitutional act is not a law, it confers no rights, imposes no duties and affords no protection. In legal contemplation, it is inoperative as if it had not been passed. It is therefore stricken from the statute books and considered never to have existed at all. All persons are bound by the declaration of unconstitutionality which means that no one may thereafter invoke it nor may the courts be permitted to apply it in subsequent cases. It is as if the intervenors were never served their termination orders and, consequently, were never separated from the service. Whenever the courts declared an administrative official to have acted in unlawful manner, that official must undo the harmful effects of his illegal act and to accord to the aggrieved parties restoration or restitution in good faith to make up for the deprivations which may have suffered because of his act.