Blastocyst formation (Blastogenesis)()

4 morula blastocyst cavity(or

blastocele)
inner cell massembryoproper()
blastomeres
outer cell masstrophoblast()placenta()
Events during the first week of human development()
12 24
ampulla
mitotic divisions 30
2-cell stage 8-cell stage morula
morula 4 5 6
trophoblast endometrium 5 6

Implantation()
1. implantation
endometrium()
2. trophoblast endometrium
syncytiotrophoblast() inner layer
cytotrophoblast()
3. syncytiotrophoblast hCG corpus luteum
hCG pregnancy
syncytotrophoblast hCG stroma cell
glycogen mucus
Bilaminar Germ Disc
12 days
(1) endometrial stroma()
(2) lacunar uteroplacental
circulation()

(3)
extraembryonic mesoderm() losse connective
tissue
extraembryonic mesoderm
mesoderm()(
) extraembryonic mesoderm
(4) extraembryonic mesoderm extraembryonic
coelom() chorionic cavity
trilaminar germ disc()
trilaminar germ disc()
a) primitive streak()
b) notochord ()
c) ectoderm()mesoderm()
endoderm()

Derivatives of the Ectoderm()

1.

Ectoderm neural
plate() Ectoderm Neuroectoderm(
)

1.

Ectoderm Ectoderm neural tube

Mesoderm somite()somite

2.

Embryo Embryonic Period somite

20 somite

3.

ant. neuropore 25
post. neuropore 27

4.

5.

Development of the Mesoderm()

mesoderm (sheet layer)

1.

Intermediate mesoderm()
urogenital structures()

(1) pronephros()

(2) mesonephros()
metanephros()

(3)
(4)
2. Paraxial mesoderm()
(1) neural crest
(2) occipital somite ()
20 42
somite
3. Lateral plate mesoderm()
(1)
a).(parietal mesoderm layer)

b).(visceral mesoderm layer)

c).(intraembryonic coelomic cavity)

(Somite)
1.

(sclerotome)

2.

dorsolateral
3

3.

dorsomedial

4.

sclerotomemyotomedermatome

Vasculogenesis()
(blood island)

1.

2.

yolk sac()

3.

yolk sac

Derivatives of the endoderm

1.

() gut()
foregut midgut hindgut

2.

foregut buccopharyngeal membrane()

3.

hindgut cloacal membrane()

vitelline duct()

4.

angiogenic cell cluster

head fold

Derivatives of the Endoderm

1.

Lung bud

2.

3.

(1) (foregut) 1/2

(2) (midgut) 1/2 2/3

(3) (hindgut) 1/3

4.

(1) (foregut)
(2) (midgut)
(3) (hindgut)

The Fetus and Placenta

Fetus()

. 38 premature()
postmature()

Monthly changes ()

1.

2. primary ossification center()

3.

physiological umbilical herniation()

4.

5. external genitalia()
5


1.

lanugo hair()
2.

1.

1.
6-7 surfactant

1.
2. CRL 36cm, CHL 50cm 3000~3400g

3.

1. embryonic pole()
2. abembryonic pole()
chorion laeve() smooth chorion
3.
4. placenta()
5. amniochorionic membrane()

Structure of the placenta()

placenta fetal() maternal()
6

 chorion frondosum() decidua basalis()

decidual septa()
full-term placenta() 15~20cm 3cm 500~600g
spiral artery()
ntervillous spaces()

Functions of the placenta()

1. ( O2CO2 )()
2. ( IgG )
3.
a. hCG()
hCG
b. progesterone() progesterone

Amnion() and umbilical cord()

1. primitive umbilical ring()
connective stalk()
yolk stalk(or vitelline duct)()

2. intestine loop --
physiological umbilical hernia() 10

3.

umbilical cord ()

Skeletal System()
1. paraxial mesoderm() lateral plate mesoderm(
) somatic layer() neural crest()
2. somitesomite
neural tube notochord()
7

3.
a. intramembranous ossification() bone
spicules()Ex:
b. endochondral ossification()
Ex:

Sutures()

Skull()neurocarnium() viscerocranium()
neurocarnium
1. membranous part() flat bones neural
crest paraxial mesoderm()
2. cartilaginous part()
neural crest()sella turcica() paraxial mesoderm
viscerocranium():
1. 1 2 pharyngeal arches()
2. 1 pharyngeal arch
a.

dorsal portion maxillary process()

b.

ventral portion mandibular process()

malleus()incus ()

Limbs():
4 ()()
() mesenchymal core---
limbs skeleton connective tissue
apical ectodermal ridge (AER)AER

AER
8


6 handplates() footplates()
()(
) arms forarms
7 90 90

8 endochondral ossification
handplates footplates AER
(
)()

Vertebral Column()

somites() sclerotomes(
) notochord()
notochord
sclerotomes cephalic() sclerotomes caudal()
sclerotomes
notochord skeletal cell intervertebral
disc() notochord intervertebral disc
somite somite

Ribs & Sternum&

Ribs ()sclerotome
costal process

sternum ()

Muscular system
mesodermal layer

1.skeletal muscle paraxial mesoderm

2.smooth muscle splanchnic mesoderm

3.cardiac muscle splanchnic mesoderm

mesodermal layer ectoderm layer
pupillary musclesweat glandmammary gland

Striated Skeletal Musculature

somites somitemeres axialbody wall
limbs head
somite

1.dorsolateral
2.dorsomedial
sclerotome cells

myotome
1.epimere
2.hypomere

iris paraxial mesoderm----Pharyngeal arch

10

Body Cavity
Formation of the Intraembryonic Cavity
1.
somatic mesoderm layesplanchnic
mesoderm layer
2. intraembryonic coelom body
cavity
3. dorsal mesentery

4. folding

Serous Membranes
serous membranes---
(parietal layer)(visceral layer)

1. liver bud septum transversum(---)

septum transversum
septum transversum
2. serous membranes septum transversum
serous membranes bare area of liver
Thoracic Cavity
1.
pericardioperitoneal canals
Lung bud pericardioperitoneal canals pericardioperitoneal canals

2. pleuropericardial foldsfold
pleuropericardial membrane
pleural cavity pericardial cavitypleuropericardial
11

membrane fibrous pericardium

Formation of the Diaphragm()

Diaphragm
(1) Septum transversum
(2) Pleuroperitoneal folds
(3) Dosal mesentery()
(4) myoblasts
Phrenic nerves()( C1C2C3C4 )
Diaphragm ? Septum transversum
C4C5
T8~T12 Phrenic nerve

Pharyngeal arch
1. 5 Pharyngeal arches Pharyngeal
arch endoderm ectoderm mesenchymal
tissuemesenchymal tissue mesodermal cell
neural crest cells
12

2. Pharyngeal arches mesodermal cell

neural crest cells
3. 6 Pharyngeal arches 5 Pharyngeal arch

V.

&

Meckel

VII.

IX.

46

X.

()

&
()

Pharyngeal pouch
1st pharyngeal pouch tubotympanic recess
1. tubotympanic recess
2. tubotympanic recess auditory tube
2nd pharyngeal pouch

13

 palatine tonsil
Palatine tonsil
3rd pharyngeal pouch dorsal wing ventral wing
1. dorsal wing inferior parathyroid
2. ventral wing thymus
4th pharyngeal pouch superior parathyroid
5th pharyngeal pouch
ultimobranchial body C
cells calcitonin

Pharyngeal clefts
1. pharyngeal clefts pharyngeal cleft

2. tubotympanic recess external

auditory meatus
eardrum

Tongue

1. pharyngeal arch 2/3

2. () 1/3
1/3 epiglottal swelling
membrane
3. occipital somites

(maxillary prominenes)(medial nasal prominences)

Thyroid gland
14

hyroid gland 2/3 1/3 (

)

Chapter 12 Respiratory System

pharyngeal gut
respiratory diverticulum
respiratory diverticulum
tracheoesophageal ridges tracheoesophageal ridges
tracheoesophageal septum
Respiratory diverticulum lung buds

Larynx

Trachea, Bronchi, and Lungs

1. Trachea bronchial buds

2. bronchopulmonary segments
Bronchopulmonary segments

Maturation of the Lungs

respiratory bronchioles
(type I alveolar epithelial cells)
type II alveolar epithelial
cells surfactant
type II alveolar epithelial cells
surfactant
15

Digestive System
primitive
gut
primitive gut
1.
2.
3.
4. hindgut

splanchnic mesoderm

Mesenteries
1.
ventral mesentery falcifrom ligament
lesser omentum

2. celiac arterysuperior mesenteric

arteryinferior mesenteric artery

Stomach
1
dilation rotation
2 rotation
1.

longitudinal rotation axis

90

2.

anteroposterior axis 45

3.

lesser curvature
greater curvature
16

Duodenum
intraperitoneal organ
Extraperitoneal organ retroperitoneal position

Liver and Gallbladder

1. Liver
a. parenchyma endoderm
b. hematopoietic cells septum transversum
mesoderm
2. liver bud foregut
bile duct
3. Gallbladder bile duct
Gallbladder endoderm

Pancreas
1 foregut duodenum endodermal lining
2 :
1.dorsal pancreatic bud
2.ventral pancreatic bud

Midgut
1.
cephalic limb of primary intestinal
loop caudal limb of primary intestinal loop superior mesenteric artery
90mesonephron
liver abdominal cavity
180 --- 270
2. cecal bud cecum
(
)

Hindgut
17

1 Cloaca cloacal mambrane

2 urorectal septum cloacal mambrane
perineal body perineal body
allantois hindgut
3 Perineal body urogenital membrane anal
membrane
4 Anal membrane anal canal
1.

2.

pectinate line
**

18