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(A) Choose the correct alternatives and rewrite the complete sentences :
The device used for producing current is called a ..................... .
(a) voltmeter
(b) ammeter
(c) galvanometer
(d) generator
At the time of short circuit, the current in the circuit ..................... .
(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) remains
(d) increases in steps
The direction of the magnetic field around a straight conductor carrying
current is given by ..................... .
(a) right hand rule
(b) Flemings left hand rule
(c) Flemings right hand rule (d) non of these
The relation between electricity and magnetism was first established by
..................... .
(a) Ohm
(b) Ampere
(c) Oersted
(d) Moseley
The region around magnet is called as .............. .
(a) magnetic Area
(b) magnetic field
(c) magnetic loop
(d) magnetism
Oersted proved that when current passes through a conducting wire it
produces ..................... .
(a) charge
(b) current
(c) magnetic field
(d) potential difference
The relative strength of magnetic field is shown by ..................... .
(a) degree of closeness of field lines
(b) optical lines
(c) current flowing
(d) potential difference
The magnetic field produced at centre of circular wire is inversely
proportional to ..................... .
(a) magnitude of current
(b) radius of circular wire
(c) resistance of wire
(d) time for which current is passed
Solenoid has properties similar to ..................... .
(a) magnet
(b) resistance
(c) electric motor
(d) optical instruments
The magnetic field in solenoid depends on ..................... .
(a) current and number of turns per unit length
(b) current only
(c) Number of turn per unit length
(d) material
In India, the frequency of A.C is ..................... cycles per second.
(a) 50
(b) 100
(c) 60
(d) none
The magnetic field produced at centre of circular wire is directly proportional
to ..................... .
(a) magnitude of current passing through it
(b) radius of the loop
(c) resistance of wire
(d) time for which the current passes through it.
The non-oscillating current is called as ..................... .
(a) A.C.
(b) D.C.
(c) electric current
(d) non-oscillating current
The ..................... at any point on the magnetic lines of force gives the
direction of the magnetic field at that point.
(a) tangent
(b) circle
(c) radius
(d) chord
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Answers :
1. generator
3. right hand rule
5. magnetic field
7. degree of closeness of field lines
9. magnet
2.
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6.
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50
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15.
17.
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D.C.
Nipermag
electric current
short circuiting
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increases
Oersted
magnetic field
radius of circular wire
current and number of turns per
unit length
magnitude of current passing
through it
tangent
Alnico
electromagnetic induction
Overloading
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25.
ampere
half revolution
Faraday.
Q.I
1.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
A.C. current
D.C. current
Ans.
2.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
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3.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
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Q.I
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Commutator
galvanometer
(c)
(d)
(e)
Column II
Transmission over long distance
Domestic appliances like mixers,
refrigerators
One directional current
Mechanical energy to electric energy
Behaves like a magnet
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Column II
Magnetic effect of current
Direction of current and magnetic field
Behaves like a magnet
Never intersect
Electric motor
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Column II
Electric motor
Electric generator
Prevents shocks
Electric geyser
Flow of high current
(a)
(b)
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Q.I
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Q.II
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Q.II
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Right hand
Current
Magnetic field
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Thumb
Magnetic field
Magnetic
field
Forefinger
Current
Middle finger
*3.
Ans.
Motion of
the conduction
Current
Stretch the forefinger, the central finger and the thumb of you left hand
mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger shows the direction
of the field and the central finger shows the direction of the current, then
the thumb will point towards the direction of the motion of the conductor.
Flemings right hand rule.
Motion of the
conductor
Thumb
Magnetic field
Magnetic
field
Forefinger
Induced
current
Motion of the
conduction
Induced
current
Middle finger
Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of the right hand so that
they are perpendicular to each other. It the forefinger indicates the
direction of the magnetic field and the thumb shows the direction of the
motion of conductor, the middle finger will show the direction of induced
current.
Q.III (A) Give scientific reasons :
*1. Wires carrying electricity should not be touched bare footed.
Ans. 1. If we touch the wire bare footed, a large current may pass through our
body.
2. So we may receive severe shock. This shock may sometimes cause
death.
3. Therefore while working with electricity we must wear gloves made of
insulated material and rubber soled shoes.
4. Hence wires carrying electricity should not be touched bare footed.
*2. We should not use many electrical appliances simultaneously.
Ans. 1. If many electrical appliances of high power rating such as geyser, heater,
motor, oven are switched on simultaneously, overloading occurs.
2. This may result in switching off of the fuse resulting in lose of power
supply.
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3. It may also cause fire. Hence we should not use many electrical
appliances simultaneously.
Alloys like alnico or nipermag are used in industry.
1. Alloys like alnico or nipermag are very hard and are used in the
production of permanent magnet.
2. Nipermag is an alloy of iron, nickel aluminium and titanium. Alnico is
aluminium, nickel and cobalt alloy of iron.
3. Permanent magnet of such alloys are used in microphones,
loudspeakers, electric clocks and many other devices like ammeter,
voltmeter and speedometer.
A magnetic crane is used to load and transport scrap iron.
1. A magnetic crane consist of a magnetic disc to which all scrap and
loose iron material get attracted.
2. Magnetism is induced in the disc, as it is not feasible to create a
permanent magnet of such a big size and store such a big magnet.
3. Hence magnetic crane is used to load and transport scrap iron.
Most of the electrical appliances need earthing.
1. Earthing connects the metallic body of electrical appliances deep inside
the earth.
2. In case the appliance is faulty, the live wire comes in contact with the
metal body of the appliances.
3. Due to earthing the current flowing through the metal body passes to
earth and the user handling the device does not get shock. Therefore
most of the electrical appliances having a metallic body need earthing.
In rainy season, we should not touch the wall of building.
1. In rainy season, the wall of building becomes wet due to rain.
2. If bare wire comes in contact with such wet wall, electric current
begins to flow through the wall.
3. A person touching the wall gets severe shock. Therefore in rainy season,
we should not touch the wall of building.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to study the body of patients.
1. Electric current produces magnetic field even if the current is very
weak.
2. If we touch something, our nerves carry an electrical impulse to the
muscles we need to use. This produces weak magnetic field.
3. This forms the basis of obtaining images of heart and brain or images of
different parts of the body.
4. This principle is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
During a short-circuit, the circuit catches fire.
1. During a short-circuit, the resistance of the circuit becomes very small
and hence, huge amount of current flows through it.
2. This produces a large amount of heat and raises the temperature.
3. As a result, the circuit catches fire.
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Current
Restoring
spring
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*9.
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Observe the figure. If the current in the coil A is changed, will some
current be induced in the coil B ? Explain.
Ans.
A
B
G
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Earth wire
Live wire
220 V
Neutral wire
Electricity Electricity
boards fuse
meter
Distribution box
containing
main switch and
fuses for each circuit
3.
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4.
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Q.IV
*1.
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Direct current
Alternating current
1. The magnitude and direction of 1. The magnitude and direction of
the current is constant
current reverses periodically.
2. This type of current cannot be 2. This type of current is used in
used for large scale, for
electrical household appliances
household purpose.
such as electric heater, iron,
refrigerator etc.
3. The frequency of direct current 3. Frequency of alternating current
is zero.
is 50Hz in India.
1.
Electromagnet
It is a temporary magnet. Its
magnetism is only as long as
current flows through it.
It produces a strong magnetic force.
The strength of an electromagnet
can be changed by changing the
number of turns in the coil or by
changing the quantity of current
passing through it.
The north-south polarity of an
electromagnet can be changed
by changing the direction of
current in its coil.
4.
Ans.
Q.IV
1.
Ans.
DC generator
AC generator
1. AC
generator
generates 1. DC generator generates direct
alternating current.
current.
2. It converts mechanical energy 2. It converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy.
into electrical energy.
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Electric motor.
Iron core
B
R1
R2
B2
B1
Battery
6.
Ans.
Earth wire
Live wire
220 V
Neutral wire
Electricity Electricity
meter
boards fuse
Distribution box
containing
main switch and
fuses for each circuit
Q.V
1.
Ans.
R1
R2
B1
D
B2
Battery
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D
B1
R1
G
B2
R2
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Armature, strong magnets and brushes are the same as used for electric
motors.
3. Slip rings : The two ends of the armature coil are connected to two
brass slip rings R1 and R2. These rings rotate along with the armature
coil.
Working :
(a) When the armature coil ABCD rotates in the magnetic field provided
by the strong magnets, it cuts the magnetic lines of forces.
(b) Thus the changing magnetic field produces induced current in the
coil. The direction of induced current is determined by the Flemings
right hand rule.
(c) The current flows out through the brush B1 in one direction in the
first half of the revolution and through the brush B2 in the next
half revolution in the reverse direction, this process is repeated.
(d) Therefore, the induced current produced is of alternating nature.
Such a current is called as alternating current.
Give the construction and working of D.C. generator or Dynamo.
B
Iron core
A
R1
R2
B1
B2
4.
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Ans.
ACTIVITY : 5.2
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ACTIVITY : 5.3
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ACTIVITY : 5.4
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ACTIVITY : 5.5
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ACTIVITY : 5.6
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ACTIVITY : 5.7
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ACTIVITY : 5.8
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ACTIVITY : 5.9
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ACTIVITY : 5.10
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ACTIVITY : 5.11
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(a) If the value of resistance is changed in the first circuit what effect
would be observed in (i) coil B (ii) in galvanometer ?
(b) If the terminals of battery are reversed what change would you
observe in galvanometer ?
Ans. (a) When the value of resistance is changed in the 1st circuit there will be
a change in (i) the induced current in the coil B.
(b) If the terminals of battery are reversed the galvanometer will show
deflection in the opposite direction.
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Marks : 30
SCIENCE
Q.I
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Q.I
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Column B
Electric motor
Magnetic effect of current
Direction of current and magnetic field
Behaves like a magnet
Never intersect
... 2 ...
Q.II
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2.
Q.II
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2.
Q.III
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2.
3.
4.
Q.V
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2.
Best Of Luck