Correlation Sedimentation Rate and Sulfide Acid for Relative

Hydroelectric Life Assesment

1. Anna Reani, 2. Hanafi , 3. Sugeng, 4. Misdi ,5. Triantisto
1.Indonesia Power Co.,Ltd,Jakarta,Indonesia.2,3,4,Indonesia Power Co.,Ltd,Saguling Generation
Business Unit, Cimahi,Indonesia.5. Indonesia Power Co.,Ltd.Mrica Generation Business
Unit,Banjarnegara,Indonesia
Indonesia Power also and it is a subsidiary of
PLN Electric Power Co.,Ltd.

Abstrat - Water influence is strong factor in thermal

power plant and hydroelectric plant. It is used for cooling
function beside power generation to have electric in
hydroelectric and steam power plant. Diesel and open
cycle power plant will use water for cooling function.
Many indicators for water monitoring are used in power
generation including hydroelectric. Three of indicators
monitoring in hydroelectric are sedimentation, Langelier
Index for corrosion tendency, and sulfide acid condition.
High sedimentation rate and high corrosion tendency will
reduce relative life of hydroelectric power plant especially
for dam and material of hydroelectric.

Serayu river is used PB Soedirman Mrica with

capacity 180 MW .And Citarum river is used
Saguling with capacity 4x175 MW and water
outlet Saguling HEPP is used Cirata HEPP and
after that for Jatiluhur HEPP .
Those power plants are concerned how to
maintain production by water quality beside other
factors. Water quality is monitored regularly and
three indicators monitoring from many parameters
are sedimentation rate, sulfide acid content, and
Langelier Index for monitoring corrosion or
deposit tendency. Sulfide acid will make stronger
corrosion tendency because strong acid although
not in part Langelier Index.

Sedimentation rate and sulfide acid in the water will have

correlation with life of hydroelectric (including dam of
them). Saguling and Mrica are part of Indonesia
hydroelectric. Saguling hydroelectric is in West Java and
water from Citarum River. Mrica Hydroelectric is in
Central Java and water from Serayu River.
Result monitoring of sedimentation rate and sulfide acid
and Langelier Index (one of corrosion indicators) for
Saguling and Mrica that Saguling has smaller rate
sedimentation than Mrica. At the same time Saguling has
bigger value for sulfide acid and Langelier Indeks than
Mrica. That mean corrosion tendency in Saguling is easier
than Mrica which it will have corrosion impact for
material of hydroelectric. That mean Mrica is relative
longer life than Saguling hydroelectric.

II. MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

TABLE I
SAGULING HEPP MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
[Ref. 5,7, 8 ]

No

Location

Material

Index Terms -- Hydroelectric Power Plant, Monitoring,

Turbine &Aux

I. BACKGROUND

Oil Cooler Turbine Bearing

Cu Ni 90-10

Indonesia has Hydroelectric Power Plant in many

locations: Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi
and Papua and other islands. Two of them are
Saguling and PB Soedirman Mrica (West and
Central Java).

Runner

13Cr-3.8Ni

Facing Plate

SUS 410

Guide Vane

SCS 1

Stay ring

SM 41A,SM 50A

Head Cover

SM 41A,SS 41

Saguling HPP has been starting operation since

1985 and it is on behalf of Indonesia Power
Co.,Ltd. PB Soedirman Mrica HEPP has been
starting operation since 1988 and it is on behalf of

TABLE I

TABLE II

SAGULING HEPP MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

PB SOEDIRMAN MRICA HEPP MATERIAL

SPECIFICATION [Ref. 1, 2]

[Ref. 5, 7, 8]

(Continued)

(Continued)
7

Spiral casing

HT 60

Top Cover

BS 1501-164-GR400

Draft tube

SS 41

Spiral casing

Steel BS 1501-223-490

Bottom ring

SS 41,SM 41A

Main Inlet
Valve

Cast Steel 3100 A4

Bottom Cover

BS 1501-164-GR400

Generator &Aux
10

Air cooler

Cu Ni 90-10

11

Oil Cooler lower bearing

Cu Ni 90-10

12

Oil Cooler upper bearing

Cu Ni 90-10

Common/Metal Work
13

Penstock

Mild steel

14

Draft gate

SS 41

Generator &
Aux
10

Air cooler

EC 34-6-ICW37A71

11

Oil Cooler

EC 34-6-ICW37A71

Common
12

Penstock

BS 3100 1979 steel A4

13

Draft gate

BS 3100 1979 steel A4

TABLE II
PB SOEDIRMAN MRICA HEPP MATERIAL
SPECIFICATION [Ref . 1, 2 ]

No

Location

Material

Turbine &
Aux
1

Turbine
Bearing Oil
Cooler

It shows that material specification for Saguling HEPP:

Cu Ni, Cr-Ni, Carbon Steel, Stainless steel and analog
for Mrica HEPP

III.RESULT MONITORING
TABLE III
SEDIMENTATION RATE SAGULING HEPP [Ref. 6 ]

Copper
No

Year

Rate sedimentation
(m3/day)

Runner

Cast ST ASTM A 296

CA6 NM

Cooling
Water

Cast Iron BS 1452 DIN

1691;Stainless Steel

Guide Vane

Cast ST 13%Cr 4% Ni
BS 311 425 C11

Stay Vane

Steel BS 1501-223-490

2002

11629

2003

11499

2004

11566

Saguling HEPP showed that sedimentation rate was

almost stabilizes 11500 m3/day

TABLE IV
SEDIMENTATION RATE PB SOEDIRMAN HEPP
[Ref.3,4]

TABLE VII
SULFIDE ACID MONITORING SAGULING HEPP
[Ref. 6 ]

No

Year

Rate sedimentation
(m3/day)

2002

7368

2003

9044

2004

8735

No

Year

H2S (ppm)

H2S (ppm)

0.2 m depth

5 m depth

2002

Undetected -1.26

Undetected - 0.79

2003

Undetected 0.78

Undetected -1.38

2004

Undetected 0.74

Undetected

PB Soedirman Mrica HEPP got sedimentation rate was

almost 8500 m3/day

Those monitoring showed that Saguling HEPP has

higher sedimentation than PB Soedirman HEPP.

SULFIDE ACID MONITORING PB SOEDIRMAN HEPP

[Ref. 3,4]

TABLE V
LANGELIER INDEX MONITORING SAGULING HEPP
[Ref . 6 ]

No

Year

Langelier
Index

Langelier
Index

0.2 m depth

5 m depth

2002

-0.31

-0.24

2003

-0.01

-0.18

2004

-0.22

-0.20

TABLE VI
LANGELIER INDEX MONITORING PB SOEDIRMAN
HEPP [Ref.3,4 ]

No

Year

TABLE VIII

Langelier
Index

Langelier
Index

0.2 m depth

5m
depth

1
2002based on
-1.38
It shows
that
Langelier Index-1.45
: Mrica HEPP is
higher corrosion tendency than Saguling HEPP
2

2003

-1.93

-2.31

2004

-2.26

-2.00

No

Year

H2S (ppm)

H2S (ppm)

0.2 m depth

5 m depth

2002

Undetected- 0.8

Undetected - 0.7

2003

Undetected -0.001

Undetected

2004

Undetected

Undetected

It shows that Saguling HEPP gets higher sulfide acid

than PB Soedirman HEPP. High sedimentation rate and
high sulfide acid in Saguling shows that sedimentation
circumstance in Saguling is saturated to absorb sulfide
acid so that sulfide acid will be on the air surrounding
Saguling. So that sulfide acid is founded in
sedimentation or water and on the air. It is bad for
material and human life.
Material with those conditions especially with main
component Copper will have negative impact
Because Saguling HPP has higher rate sedimentation
and sulfide acid content than Mrica HEPP, so that
Mrica HEPP will have longer life than Saguling HEPP
although Langelier Index of Mrica are more corrosion
tendency than Saguling HEPP.
IV.CONCLUSION

Langelier Index is more accurate in area with

undetected sulfide acid
Sedimentation circumstance in Citarum River is
saturated to absorb sulfide acid.
Citarum River has higher sulfide acid than Serayu
River so that Serayu River is cleaner than Citarum
River. And sulfide acid is danger for material especially
copper as main material and human life.
Saguling HPP will have shorter life than Mrica HEPP.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.

The author would like to extend appreciation to

employees who work to monitor those conditions for
their valuable contribution.

REFERENCES
[1] Boving Co LtdMRICA HEPP INDONESIA
OPERATION MANUAL, Volume I page
6.1 6.4, 1986

[2] Boving Co LtdMRICA HEPP INDONESIA

STATION MANUAL,Volume 7 page
OKG3692 2, OKV3694E 22,1986
[3] Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Universitas
Jenderal
Soedirman
Fakultas
Biologi,PENELITIAN KUALITAS AIR
PLTA PB SOEDIRMAN PLTA GARUNG
PLTA KETENGER PLTA JELOK PLTA
TIMO,2002-2003
[4] Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Universitas
Jenderal
Soedirman
Laboratorium
Lingkungan,PENELITIAN KUALITAS AIR
PLTA PB SOEDIRMAN PLTA GARUNG
PLTA KETENGER PLTA JELOK PLTA
TIMO,2004
[5] Mitsubishi
Electric
Co
SAGULING
HYDROELECTRIC
POWER
PROJECT
GENERATING EQUIPMENT LOT II AND
LOT III OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE
INSTRUCTION Japan, Volume II-1,part 1.11
[6] Pusat Penelitian Sumber Daya Alam Dan
Lingkungan Lembaga Penelitian-Universitas
Pajajaran,
LAPORAN
HASIL
PEMANTAUAN KUALITAS AIR WADUK
SAGULING Bandung 2002-2004
[7] SAGULING HYDROELECTRIC POWER
PROJECT
LOT-1
TURBINES
AND
AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT Tokyo Japan,
Volume III, P-1/2 P-2/2
[8] Sumitomo Co and the New Japan Engineering
Consultant CONTRACT DOCUMENTS FOR
GENERATING EQUIPMENT