-------- CELL THE UNIT OF THE LIFE ------- M 733

(22112016.)

-------------------CHINT KOTADIYA--------------- VISHVAS

Robert Hoek found the cell.
Leeuwenhoek observed the live cell.
Cell Theory was given by Schleiden , Schwann & Virchow.
PROKARYOTIC CELL ( PPLO , BLUE GREEN ALGE , BACTERIA)
Non membrane bound organ : ribosome & centriole.
Ribosome are found in Nissls granules, RER, chloroplast & mitochondria.
Ribosome are made in nucleolus, protein are synthesis in it, it is 15 to 20 nm.
Ribosome are two type 1. 70s ( 30+50s) 2. 80s (40+50s)
Ostrich egg is a largest cell.
Mycoplasma is a smallest cell.
Plasmid DNA is resistance to antibiotics.
Mesosome Use :
Cell wall formation , DNA replication , distribution to daughter cells , respiration ,
secretion processes , enzymatic content.
Cyanobacteria have a chromatophores , it is contain pigments.
Flagellum : filament, hook, basal body.
Pili : tubular structure made of pilin protein.
Fimbriae : small bristle like fibre, they help attach the bacteria to rocks in steam
and also to the host tissues.
Inclusion bodies : non membranous granules in cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell.
E.g. phosphate granules , cyanophycean granules, glycogen granules.
Gas vacuoles are found in blue green and purple and green photosynthetic
bacteria.
Cell envelope : made of 3 layer. 1 Glycocalyx 2 cell wall 3 plasma membrane
1. Glycocalyx : outer layer . Slime layer ( loose sheath) or capsule ( thick)
2. Cell wall : middle layer. Give a shape & support.
3. Plasma membrane : inner layer . Semipermeable.
Gram positive : take up and retain the gram stain.

 Gram negative : dont retain the gram stain.

EUKARYOTIC CELLS ( plant , animal , fungi , Protista)
They have membrane bound nucleus and organelles are present.
CELL MEMBRANE : made of lipid bilayer , in erythrocyte 52% protein & 40%
lipid. Use transport of molecule , it is permeable or selectively permeable.
According to fluid mosaic model of cell membrane quasi fluid nature of
lipid enables for flip flop movement. It was proposed by singer and Nicolson.
CELL WALL : of Algae is made of cellulose , galactans, mannons, CACO3.
Plant : cellulose , hemicellulose , pectin , protein.
Middle lamella is a made of calcium pectate.
ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ( ER , Golgi complex , lysosome , vacuoles)
RER : bear ribosome , involved in protein synthesis & glycosylation.
SER : dont have ribosome , involved in lipid & steroidal hormone synthesis.
Golgi body : made of cisternae ( 0.5 to 1 um). It is arranged with convex
cis or forming face & concave trance or maturing face.
Site for formation of glycoprotein & glycolipid , modification of protein,
material packaging.
LYSOSOME : Hydrolytic enzyme are present. It is capable for digestion.
VACUOLES : In plant cell volume of it about 90%. It have a tonoplast.
Amoeba have a contractile vacuole. Protist have a food vacuoles

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