BIOMASS - the total mass of organisms in a given area or volume.

organic matter used as a fuel, especially in a power station for the genera
tion of electricity.
metabolism-the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to
maintain life

"suspended organic matter": floating organic particles derived from the

decomposition of dead organisms

Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process wherein colloids come out of suspension in
the form of floc or flake; either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent.

settle1

sedl/
verb
gerund or present participle: settling
1.
1.
resolve or reach an agreement about (an argument or problem).
"every effort was made to settle the dispute"
synonyms resolve, sort out, solve, clear up, end, fix, work out, iron out, straighten out, set
:
right,rectify, remedy, reconcile;
informalpatch up
"they settled the dispute"

2.

2.
adopt a more steady or secure style of life, especially in a permanent job and home.
"one day I will settle down and raise a family"

microorganism
plural noun: microorganisms
1.
a microscopic organism, especially a bacterium, virus, or fungus.
Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length,
bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals.

Bacteria are single celled microbes. The cell structure is simpler

than that of other organisms as there is no nucleus or
membrane bound organelles. Instead their control centre
containing the genetic information is contained in a single loop
of DNA. Some bacteria have an extra circle of genetic material
called a plasmid. The plasmid often contains genes that give
the bacterium some advantage over other bacteria. For example
it may contain a gene that makes the bacterium resistant to a
certain antibiotic.
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.

A fungus (/fs/; plural: fungi[3] or funguses[4]) is any member of the group

of eukaryotic organisms that includes unicellular microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well
as multicellular fungi that produce familiar fruiting forms known asmushrooms. These organisms are
classified as a kingdom, Fungi, which is separate from the other eukaryotic life kingdoms
ofplants and animals.

1.

ral noun: protozoans

a single-celled microscopic animal of a group of phyla of the kingdom Protista,
such as an amoeba, flagellate, ciliate, or sporozoan.

YEAST -a microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding,

and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

a grayish-yellow preparation of yeast obtained chiefly from fermented beer, used

as a fermenting agent, to raise bread dough, and as a food supplement.
BIOLOGY

any unicellular fungus that reproduces vegetatively by budding or fission, including

forms such as candida that can cause disease.

The substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions
involving the substrate(s). In the case of a singlesubstrate, the substrate bonds with the
enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed.

The Role of Bacteria in the Sewage Treatment Processes.

NATURAL TREATMENT PROCESS

Biological Products

The role of bacteria in the sewage treatment process

One area of sewage treatment that is not well understood is the bacterial decomposition process.
Bacteria may be aerobic, anaerobic or facultative. Aerobic bacteria require oxygen for life support whereas
anaerobes can sustain life without oxygen. Facultative bacteria have the capability of living either in the
presence or in the absent of oxygen. In the typical sewage treatment plant, oxygen is added to improve the
functioning of aerobic bacteria and to assist them in maintaining superiority over the anaerobes. Agitation,
settling, pH and other controllable are carefully considered and employed as a means of maximizing the
potential of bacterial reduction of organic in the wastewater.
Single-celled organisms grow and when they have attained a certain size, divide, becoming two. Assuming an
adequate food supply, they then grow and divide again like the original cell. Every time a cell splits,
approximately every 20 to 30 minutes, a new generation occurs. This is known as the exponential or
logarithmic growth phase. At the exponential growth rate, the largest number of cells are produced in the
shortest period of time. In nature and in the laboratory, this growth cannot be maintained indefinitely, simply
because the optimum environment of growth cannot be maintained. The amount of growth is the function of
two variables: - environment and food. The pattern which actually results is known as the bacterial growth
rate curve. Initially dehydrated products (dry) must first re-hydrate and acclimate in a linear growth phase
before the exponential rate is reached.
Microorganisms and their enzyme systems are responsible for many different chemical reactions produced in
the degradation of organic matter. As the bacteria metabolize, grow and divide they produce enzymes. These
enzymes are high molecular weight proteins.
It is important to recognize the fact that colonies of bacteria are literally factories for the production of
enzymes. The enzymes which are manufactured by the bacteria will be appropriate to the substrate in which
the enzyme will be working and so you have automatic production of the right enzyme for the biological
reduction of any waste material, provided you have the right bacteria to start with. Enzymes do not reproduce
whereas as bacteria do.
Enzymes in biochemical reactions act as organic catalysts. The enzymes actually become a part of the action,
but after having caused it, split off from it and are themselves unchanged. After the biochemical reactions are
complete and products formed, the enzyme is released to catalyze another reaction. The rate of reaction may
be increase by increasing the quantity of the substrate or temperature up to a certain point , but beyond
this, the rate of reaction ceases to increase because the enzyme concentration limits it.
All treatment plants should be designed to take advantage of the decomposition of organic materials by
bacterial activity. This is something you can equate to lower costs, increased capacity, and an improved
quality of effluent; even freedom from bad odors which may typically result when anaerobe bacteria become
dominant and in their decomposition process, produce hydrogen sulfide gas and similar by-products.
Consider the fact that the total organic load of wastewater or sewage is composed of constantly changing
constituent, it would be quite difficult to degrade all of these organics by the addition of one enzyme, or even
several enzymes. Enzymes are specific catalysts and do not reproduce. What is needed is the addition of an

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