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Discovering Computers
Fundamentals
Fundamentals,
2012 Edition
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Objectives Overview
See Page 1
for Detailed Objectives
Di
h advantages
d
Discuss
the
and disadvantages that
users experience when
working with
computers
Distinguish between
system software and
application software
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Objectives Overview
Differentiate
Diff
ti t among ttypes,
sizes, and functions of
computers in each category
A World of Computers
Computers are everywhere
Pages 2 3
Figure 11
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What Is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operating
under
d th
the control
t l off iinstructions
t ti
stored
t d iin it
its own
memory
Collects
data
(i
(input)
)
Processing
Produces
information
(
(output)
)
What Is a Computer?
Page 4
Figure 12
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Page 5
Figure 13
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Page 7
Advantages of
Using Computers
Disadvantages of
Using Computers
Speed
Violation of Privacy
Reliability
Public Safety
Consistency
Storage
Health Risks
Communications
Impact on Environment
Page 7
Recycling
Regulating manufacturing processes
Extending the life of computers
Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
10
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Page 8
11
Page 8
Figure 16
12
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Communicate
Research and
Access Information
Entertainment
Pages 8 9
Figure 17
Share Information
Shop
Download Videos
Online Trading
Web Application
13
Page 10
14
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Computer Software
Software, also called a program, tells the
t what
h t ttasks
k to
t perform
f
dh
computer
and
how tto
perform them
System Software
Operating system
Utility program
Application Software
Pages 11 12
Figures 18 19
15
Computer Software
Installing is the process of setting up software to
workk with
ith th
the computer,
t printer,
i t and
d other
th
hardware
Pages 12 13
Figure 110
16
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Computer Software
A programmer develops software or writes the
i t ti
instructions
th
thatt di
directt th
the computer
t tto process
data into information
Page 13
Figure 111
17
Categories of Computers
Personal computers
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Game consoles
Servers
Mainframes
M i f
Supercomputers
Embedded computers
Pages 14 15
18
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Personal Computers
A personal computer can perform all of its input,
processing,
i output,
t t and
d storage
t
activities
ti iti b
by it
itself
lf
Two popular architectures are the PC and the
Apple
Desktop computer
Pages 15 16
Figures 113 114
19
Mobile
Computer
Pages 16 18
Mobile
Device
Personal computer you
can carry from place to
place
Examples include
notebook computers,
laptop computers,
netbooks, and Tablet
PCs
Examples
E
l iinclude
l d smartt
phones and PDAs, e
book readers, handheld
computers, portable
media players, and
digital cameras
20
10
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21
Handheld
computer
a d e d co
pute
Portable media player
Digital camera
Pages 17 18
Figures 119 120
22
11
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Game Consoles
A game console is a mobile computing device
d i d ffor singleplayer
designed
i l l
or multiplayer
lti l
video
id
games
Page 18
Figure 121
23
Servers
A server controls access to the hardware,
software,
ft
and
d other
th resources on a network
t
k
Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data,
and information
Page 19
Figure 122
24
12
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Mainframes
A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful
computer
t that
th t can h
handle
dl h
hundreds
d d or th
thousands
d
of connected users simultaneously
Page 19
Figure 123
25
Supercomputers
A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful
computer
t
Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing
more than one quadrillion instructions in a single
second
Page 19
Figure 124
26
13
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Embedded Computers
An embedded computer is a specialpurpose
t that
th t ffunctions
ti
computer
as a componentt iin a
larger product
Consumer Electronics
Home Automation Devices
Automobiles
Process Controllers and Robotics
Computer Devices and Office
Machines
Page 19
27
Embedded Computers
Page 20
Figure 125
28
14
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Home User
Personal financial
management
Web
W b access
Communications
Entertainment
Pages 20 23
Figures 126 128
Small Office/Home
Office User
Look up information
Send and receive email
messages
Make telephone calls
Mobile User
Connect to other computers
on a network or the Internet
Transfer
T
f iinformation
f
ti
Play video games
Listen to music
Watch movies
29
Pages 23 24
Figures 129 130
Power User
Enterprise User
Work with
multimedia
l i di
Use industryspecific
software
Communicate
among employees
l
Process high
volumes of
transactions
Blog
30
15
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Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Pages 24 26
Figures 131 134
31
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Pages 26 27
Figures 135 138
32
16
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Summary
Page 28
Basic computer
concepts
Components of a
computer
Manyy different
categories of
computers, computer
users, and computer
applications in society
33
Discovering Computers
Fundamentals
Fundamentals,
2012 Edition
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 1 Complete
17