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Stress is defined as the strength of a material per unit area or unit strength. It is the force on a
member divided by area, which carries the force, formerly express in psi, now in N/mm2 or MPa.
where P is the applied normal load in Newton and A is the area in mm2. The maximum stress in
tension or compression occurs over a section normal to the load.
Normal stress is either tensile stress or compressive stress. Members subject to pure tension (or
tensile force) is under tensile stress, while compression members (members subject to
compressive force) are under compressive stress.
Compressive force will tend to shorten the member. Tension force on the other hand will tend to
lengthen the member.
Problem 104
A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm must carry a tensile load of 400 kN.
Determine the outside diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to 120 MN/m2.
Solution 104
where:
thus,
answer
Strength of Materials 4th Edition by Pytel and Singer
Problem 105 page 12
Given:
Weight of bar = 800 kg
Maximum allowable stress for bronze = 90 MPa
Maximum allowable stress for steel = 120 MPa
Required: Smallest area of bronze and steel cables
Solution 105
By symmetry:
Shear Stress
Forces parallel to the area resisting the force cause shearing stress. It differs to tensile and
compressive stresses, which are caused by forces perpendicular to the area on which they act.
Shearing stress is also known as tangential stress.
where is the resultant shearing force which passes through the centroid of the area
sheared.
being
Given:
Required diameter of hole = 20 mm
Thickness of plate = 25 mm
Shear strength of plate = 350 MN/m2
Required: Force required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole
Solution 115
The resisting area is the shaded area along the perimeter and the shear force
punching force .
answer
is equal to the
Given:
Shear strength of plate = 40 ksi
Allowable compressive stress of punch = 50 ksi
The figure below:
Required:
a. Maximum thickness of plate to punch a 2.5 inches diameter hole
b. Diameter of smallest hole if the plate is 0.25 inch thick
Solution 116
a. Maximum thickness of plate:
Given:
Force P = 400 kN
Shear strength of the bolt = 300 MPa
The figure below:
Given:
Diameter of pulley = 200 mm
Diameter of shaft = 60 mm
Length of key = 70 mm
Applied torque to the shaft = 2.5 kNm
Allowable shearing stress in the key = 60 MPa
Required: Width b of the key
Solution 118
Where:
answer
Bearing Stress
Bearing stress is the contact pressure between the separate bodies. It differs from compressive
stress, as it is an internal stress caused by compressive forces.
Problem 125
In Fig. 1-12, assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the plates that are each 110 mm wide. The
allowable stresses are 120 MPa for bearing in the plate material and 60 MPa for shearing of rivet.
Determine (a) the minimum thickness of each plate; and (b) the largest average tensile stress in
the plates.
Solution 125
Part (a):
From shearing of rivet: