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Function of lipids
1. Energy source
2. Reservoir of energy and carbon
7. Protective function
General definition of
lipids
Lipids are organic substances in liquid or
solid form, which are insoluble in water and
soluble in nonpolar solvents such as ether
and chloroform
Classification of lipids
1. Simple (homolipids)
2. Complex (heterolipids)
3. Precursors and derivated lipids:
- Fatty acids, steroids, isoprenoids, fatty aldehydes, fatty alcohols.
Precursors of lipids
Fatty acids
length of chain
saturated
unsaturated
cis/trans
Precursors of lipids
Simple lipids
Waxes
Fatty acid
<
Mm
A
L
C
O
H
O
L
Simple lipids
Simple lipids
Neutral fats triacylglycerols
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
G
L
Y
C
E
R
O
L
Simple lipids
Complex lipids
(fosfolipids)
Glycerolfosfolipidy
mastn kyselina
mastn kyselina
G
L
Y
C
E
R
O
L
fosft
serin
cholin
inositol
etanolamin
Complex lipids
(fosfolipids)
Complex lipids
(fosfosphingolipids)
Sphingomyelin
Carbon chain
Fatty acid
S
P
H
I
G
O
S
I
N
E
Phosphate
Choline
Complex lipids
(fosfosphingolipids)
Complex lipids
(glycosphingolipids)
Ganglioside
Cerebroside
Ceramide
Carbon chain
Fatty acid
S
P
H
I
G
O
S
I
N
E
Glucose
or
Galactose
Branched
chains of
saccharides
Complex lipids
(glycosphingolipids)
Phosphoglycerids
Sphingomyelins
2. Glycolipids
Cerebrosids
Gangliosids
3. Cholesterol
What is
fluidity of
membrane?
membranes CNS/PNS
brain development
lipid rafts
interactions with
membrane proteins
Blood type
Gangliosides
brain
peripheral nerves
Tay-Sachs disease
spleen
Cerebrosides
liver
Gaucher disease
Nieman-Pick
disease
Sphingomyelin
Ceramide
Sphingosine
Nieman-Pick
Ceramid
Gauchers
Tay-Sachs
Vitamin D: cholecalciferol
(D3),metabolism of Ca anf P
3 NaOH (KOH)
soaps
Micelle
Adipocere
Lipoperoxidation
in vitro: rancidity of fats, food industry
in vivo: oxidative stress (source of)
- tissue are damaged by ROS
- mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane
phospholipids
Lipoperoxidation
Indicator of
oxidative
stress
proteins
deoxyadenosine
deoxyguanosine
Lipoperoxidation
Indicator of
oxidative
stress
proteins
deoxyadenosine
deoxyguanosine
Lipoperoxidation
It contributes to pathogenesis of various diseases:
aging
neurodegenerative diseases
atherosclerosis
diabetes
Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated
Cholesterol
Vitamin E
g/100g
g/100g
g/100g
mg/100g
mg/100g
Animal fats
Pork lard
40.8
43.8
9.6
93
0.00
Duck lard
33.2
49.3
12.9
100
2.70
Butter
54.0
19.8
2.6
230
2.00
Vegetable fats
Coconut oil
85.2
6.6
1.7
.66
81.5
11.4
1.6
3.80
Palm oil
45.3
41.6
8.3
33.12
Cottonseed oil
25.5
21.3
48.1
42.77
18.8
15.9
60.7
136.65
Soybean oil
14.5
23.2
56.5
16.29
Olive oil
14.0
69.7
11.2
5.10
Corn oil
12.7
24.7
57.8
17.24
Sunflower oil
11.9
20.2
63.0
49.00
Safflower oil
10.2
12.6
72.1
40.68
Hemp oil
10
15
75
Canola/Rapeseed oil
5.3
64.3
24.8
22.21