Retaining Wall

1.1 DESIGN PHELOSOPHY :The retaining wall is designed for the max.
height
The wall is designed as a cantilever with a symmetrical base slab.
From practical considerations, wall is designed with soil on the outer side of the wall
with no concrete fill inside.
1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS :BS8110 - Part 1:1997 - Structural use of concrete.
BS8110 - Part 2:
ADNOC Design Basis
1.3 SOIL PARAMETERS :Max. SBC of soil
- 280kN/m2
Dry Density of soil
- 18kN/m3
Submerged Density of soil - 20kN/m3

Angle of Repose
- 30deg.
Coef. Of Friction
- 0.6
FOS for sliding
- 1.5
FOS for Overturning
- 1.8
Water Table
- At FGL
71198-00/1134306/Attachment-I
Page 1 of 7
71198-00/1134306/Attachment-I
Page 2 of 7
71198-00/1134306/Attachment-I
Page 3 of 7
71198-00/1134306/Attachment-I
Page 4 of 7
ANALYSIS OF RETAINING WALL ON THE SIDE OF STAIR IN W-32

DESIGN DATA.
Unit weight of soil
20.0 kN/m3
Angle of internal friction of soil
30.0
Safe bearing capacity of soil
qb
280.0 kN/m2
Surcharge load
Qs
0.0 kN/m2
Co-efficient of friction
0.60
Total height of retaining wall
9.00 m
Depth of base slab below ground level
2.00 m
Width of base slab
6.70 m
Width of heel
3.800 m
Thickness of stem
0.60 m
Thickness of base slab
0.60 m
Grade of concrete
h
fcu
40 N/mm2
Grade of reinforcement
fy
460 N/mm2
Density of concrete
25 kN/m3
Elastic modulus of concrete
c
Ec
2.60E+04 N/mm2
RETAINING WALL ARRANGEMENT

kN
d= 3
0.5
b
Fs=
W1
7.00
H= 9.00
0.00
W3
L=d/1.2
0.60
2.30
3.80
W4
2.00
W2
27.9
90.00
0.00
EP
WP
SC
6.7
A
18.1
kN/m2
154.90
259.3 kN/m2
BASE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION
CALCULATION FOR LATERAL FORCES / MOMENTS

Co-efficient of active earth pressure
Ka
Lateral pressure due to earth
p1
p1
p2
Lateral pressure due to surcharge
0.31
Kas H
27.9
KaQs
kN/m2
0.00
kN/m2
Lateral pressure due to water
p3
w H
90.00
(k2N/(d+b/2)
0.00
kN
kN/m2
From Reynold's Handbook, pp20 Lateral pressure due to point Load
Fs
(Outrigger)
Horizontal force due to earth pressure
P1
125.55
kN
Horizontal force due to surcharge
P2
0.00
kN
Horizontal force due to water
P3
405.00
kN
Horizontal force due to point Load
Fs
0.00
kN
Total horizontal force
530.55
kN
Moment of earth pressure about toe
M1
376.65
kN.m
Moment of surcharge pressure about toe
M2
0.00
kN.m
Moment of water pressure about toe
M3
1215.00
kN.m
Moment of point Load about toe
MF
0.00
kN.m
Total induced moment at base
1591.65
kN.m
RESTORING FORCES / MOMENT CALCULATION

SL.No
Load due to
Magnitude (kN)
Dist. of CG
Moment about 'T'
W1
126.0
2.60
327.6 kN.m
W2
100.5
3.35
336.7 kN.m
W3
638.4
4.80
3064.3 kN.m
W4
64.4
74.1 kN.m
929.3
1.15
MR
Total
3802.7 kN.m
CHECK FOR SLIDING

Total horizontal force
Pa
530.55
kN
Total vertical restoring force
WR
929.30
kN
Horizontal frictional resistance
557.58
kN
Restoring force
WR
WHR
kN
Passive resistance of soil on toe side

kp
Pp
557.58
kph
84.00
kN
Net Restoring Force
641.58 kN
Factor of safety against sliding
WHR/P
1.21
<
1.50
NOT OK
Since Restoring frictional resistanc force due to self wt is less than the
active earth pressure,shear key need to provided
2.30
2.00
b= 1.22
0.60
3.80
W4
2.00
30
Co-efficient of passive earth pressure
b= 2.15 x tan 30
Kp
(1+sin 30)
1.2
3.0
Co-efficient of passive earth pressure
Kp
(1-sin30)
3.0
To avoid sliding 1.5 time total active earth pressure
795.8 KN
Frictional resistance due to self wt of wall
557.6 KN
Passive earth pressure required for which depth of shear key
238.2 KN
to be designed
0.5
b
h1
1.22
2.00
3.72
Passive pressure at bottom
=
kp x gx h1
base
3 x2.0 x 20
a+b+h1
Passive pressure at bottom

below shear key
kp x gx (h1+a+b)
120.0 KN
223.2
KN
Area of stress block of passive earth pressure below base

slab
(120+223.2)*1.72/2
295.15 KN
OK
Provide Shear key for a Depth of 500mm below base slab.

CHECK FOR OVERTURNING
Total induced moment at base
Total restoring moment at base at bottom of toe i.e.

at A due self wt of structure & soil
1591.7 kN.m
MR
3802.7 kN.m
Restoring Moment due to Passive Pressure on toe side
56.0
3858.66
Factor of safety against overturning
2.42
>
1.50
OK
CHECK FOR BEARING PRESSURE

Distance of the point of application of the
resultant force from "A"
B/2
SUM (W)
2.38
3.35
B/6
The eccentricity
MR-M
m
1.12
=
B/2 - z
0.97
< B/6 No Tension

=
qs(gross)
Maximum soil pressure
f1
259.28
kN/m2
OK
Minimum soil pressure
f2
18.12
kN/m2
OK
axmax
P1H3/15EcI
axmax
P2H3/8EcI
I
P1
1.8E+10
mm
125550.0
Gross bearing capacity of soil at fdn. Level

Therefore, the extreme pressure
280
kN/m2
(W) {1 + (6e/B)}
B
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION (STEM)

Deflection due earth pressure
Deflection due surcharge pressure
Moment of Inertia for 1m wide wall
Horizontal force due to earth pressure
(Table-26
Reynolds
4
Handbook)
Horizontal force due to surcharge

Horizontal deflection due to P1
P2
0.0
ax1
13.04
mm
Horizontal deflection due to P2
ax2
0.00
mm
Total Horizontal maximum deflection
axmax
13.04
mm
<
36.00
mm
H/250
CALCULATION OF DESIGN FORCES / MOMENTS

FOR VERTICAL STEM
BM due to Earth pressure (p1)
M1
376.7
kN.m
BM due to Surcharge pressure (p2)
M2
0.0
kN.m
Moment of water pressure about toe
M3
1215.00
kN.m
Total Maximum moment
Ms
kN.m
Total Maximum shear force
Fs
1591.7
P1+P2
530.6
kN
W3 x C / 2
1213.0
Qs x C2/2
FOR HEEL SLAB

Moment due soil over heel slab
Moment due to Surcharge pressure
Mh1
Mh2
=
=
Moment due to selfweight of heel slab
Moment due to upward soil pressure

Net moment for Heel slab
Mh3
0.0
kN.m
(C x h x c)C/2
108.3
460.0
kN.m
Mh1+Mh2+Mh3-Mh4
Mh4
Mh
=
=
Shear due to soil over heel slab
Fh1
=
=
Shear due to surcharge
Fh2
=
=
Shear due to selfweight
Fh3
kN.m
kN.m
861.3
W3
kN.m
638.4
P2
kN
0.0
kN
(C x E x c)
57.0
kN
Shear due to upward earth pressure
Fh4
Total design SF for Heel slab
Fh
328.7
kN
Fh1+Fh2+Fh3-Fh4
366.7
kN
Since the moments are very high the thickness of stem and base slab will be insufficient to
satisfy crackwidtth as well as ultimate moments . Hence the upright slab and base slab is
designed as continuous slabs supported by counterforts at 3m interval and the counter fort
is designed ascantilever beam having tension on sloping side.
Upright slab is divided in to 3 parts of 3m each
span between counter forts
3.00
metre
117.90
KNm
UPRIGHT SLAB
1st 3m ht of upright slab from top of heel slab
Pressure at top of base slab
P1 + P3
Bending at Bottom Ms
Pl /10
106.11
KNm
Shear Force at Bottom
Pl/2
176.85
KN
2nd 3m ht of upright slab from top of heel slab
(P1 + P3)x6/9
78.60
KNm
Pl /10
70.74
KNm
Pl/2
117.9
KN
3rd 3m ht of upright slab from top of heel slab

Bending Moments & Shear Force for Design of 3rd 3m ht of upright slab from top of b.slab
(P1 + P3)x3/9
39.30
KNm
Pl /10
35.37
KNm
Pl/2
58.95
KN
BASE/HEEL SLAB
Moments and Shear forces for Bottom mat supported by counter forts
weight of soil on top of base slab per metre
168.00
KN/m2
15.00
KN/m2
Total downward weight of soil and slab
183.00
KN/m2
wl2/10
164.70
KNm
(w x l) /2
274.5
KN
Average upward soil pressure
207.09
KN/m2
Deduct Selfwt of heel slab
-15.00
KN/m2
Net upward soil pressure
192.09
KN/m2
Selfwt of heel slab
Moments & Shear Force fortop mat supported by counter forts

supported by counter forts
wl2/12
172.88
KNm
(w x l) /2
288.14
KN
COUNTERFORTS
= tan-1(B/H)
24.34
Effective Depth of Counterforts = widht of heel slab x cos

3.8 x cos
3.46
Bending Moment = 0.5 x (p1+p3) x( H-h) x l x ( H-h) /3
4159.51
Shear Force
1485.54
ABSTRACT DESIGN VALUES (SERVICE)

Thickness (mm)
Component
Max.BM (kNm) Max.SF (kN)
Stem 1st 3m
600
106.11
176.85
Stem 1st 3m
600
70.74
117.90
Stem 1st 3m
600
35.37
58.95
Heel slab bottom mat
600
164.70
274.50
Heel slab top mat
600
172.88
288.14
4159.51
1485.54
Counterforts
I. RETAININGWALL -STEM - DESIGN FOR MAIN REINFORCEMENT

1.0 DESIGN DATA.
Ms
Design service moment
=
=
106.1 kN.m
Design ultimate moment
=
M
=
127.3 kN.m
Design ultimate shear force
=
V
=
176.9 kN
Assumed width of slab
=
B
=
1000.0 mm
Thickness of slab
=
D
=
600.0 mm
f
Grade of concrete
=
=
40 N/mm2
cu
fy
=
=
460 N/mm2
Ec
=
=
2.6E+04 N/mm2
Es
Elastic modulus of reinforcement
=
=
2.0E+05 N/mm2
Clear cover to main reinforcement
=
c
=
70 mm
Design allowable crack width
=
w
=
0.20 mm
2.0 DESIGN
2.1-DESIGN FOR FLEXURE
Effective depth
k
z
z - Max.
(As)req.
(As)Prov.
Safety index
2.2-CHECK FOR SHEAR

Design shear stress
0.8[Sqrt(fcu.)]
100As / bd
(400/d)
Therefore 400/d
Design concrete shear stress
2.3. CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH

Rebar spacing
71198-00/1134306/Attachment-II
Diameter
Spacing
1005
588
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
D-c-(Dia/2)
522
mm
2
M / bd fcu
1.71
0.012
d [ 0.5 +( 0.25 - k/0.9)0.5 ]
515
mm
496
mm
M / 0.95 fy z
588
16
200
1005
mm2
mm
mm
mm2
> 1
= V / bv d
= 0.34
N/mm2
= 5.1
N/mm2
< 0.8[sqrt(fcu.)] & 5 N/mm2
= 0.193
%
= 0.77
= 1.00
vc
= 0.43
N/mm2
> Design shear stress.
Hence no shear reinforcement required
OK
200
OK
mm
Page 6 of 7
Steel ratio
Modular ratio
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
e *
X /d
Depth of neutral axis
Lever arm
=
=
X
Z
Concrete compressive stress
fcb
Tensile stress on steel

2.3.1 Check stress levels:Allowable comp. stress in concrete
Allowable tensile stress in steel
Elastic strain at surface
fs
fcb'
=
=
>
=
=
>
fs'
E1
=
=
Stiffening effect of concrete

(For bending only)
=
=
=
=
=
=
Em
Acr
Crack width
=
=
<
(As)Prov. / bd
0.0019
Es / (Ec/2)
2.0E+05
1.30E+04
15.38
0.030
e*{[(1+ (2 /e* - 1}
0.216
112.5
mm
d - X/3
484.5
mm
2Ms / Z b X
3.9
Ms / Z As
N/mm2
217.9
N/mm2
0.45 fcu
18.0
fcb
0.8 fy
N/mm2
368.0
fs
N/mm2
OK
OK
(h-x) * fs
(d-x) * Es
1.30E-03
bt * (h-x) * (a' - x)
3*Es * As * (d-x)
9.62E-04
E1 - Stiffening effect of concrete
3.347E-04
[(S/2)2+(c+ Dia./2)2]0.5 - Dia /2
118.8
mm
3 * Acr * Em
1+2[(Acr-Cmin.) / (h-x)]
0.099
mm
Allowable crack width.
OK
2.4. DESIGN FOR DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT

Min. % of steel required
(As)Prov.
=
=
=
Astmin
Diameter
Spacing
=
=
=
780
16
250
mm2/m
mm
mm
Page 7 of 7
Safety index
804
780
804
1.03
mm2
> 1
OK
Page 8 of 7

1.0 DESIGN DATA.
Ms
=
=
70.7 kN.m
=
M
=
84.9 kN.m
=
V
=
117.9 kN
=
B
=
1000.0 mm
Thickness of slab
=
D
=
600.0 mm
f
Grade of concrete
=
=
40 N/mm2
cu
fy
=
=
460 N/mm2
Ec
=
=
2.6E+04 N/mm2
Es
=
=
2.0E+05 N/mm2
=
c
=
70 mm
=
w
=
0.20 mm
2.0 DESIGN
Effective depth
k
z
z - Max.
(As)req.
(As)Prov.
Safety index
2.2-CHECK FOR SHEAR

Design shear stress
0.8[Sqrt(fcu.)]
100As / bd
(400/d)
Therefore 400/d

Rebar spacing
Diameter
Spacing
1005
392
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
D-c-(Dia/2)
522
mm
2
M / bd fcu
2.57
0.008
d [ 0.5 +( 0.25 - k/0.9)0.5 ]
517
mm
496
mm
M / 0.95 fy z
392
16
200
1005
mm2
mm
mm
mm2
> 1
= V / bv d
= 0.23
N/mm2
= 5.1
N/mm2
< 0.8[sqrt(fcu.)] & 5 N/mm2
= 0.193
%
= 0.77
= 1.00
vc
= 0.43
N/mm2
OK
200
OK
mm
Page 6 of 7
Steel ratio
Modular ratio
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
e *
X /d
Lever arm
=
=
X
Z
fcb

fs
fcb'
=
=
>
=
=
>
fs'
E1
=
=

(For bending only)
=
=
=
=
=
=
Em
Acr
Crack width
=
=
<
(As)Prov. / bd
0.0019
Es / (Ec/2)
2.0E+05
1.30E+04
15.38
0.030
e*{[(1+ (2 /e* - 1}
0.216
112.5
mm
d - X/3
484.5
mm
2Ms / Z b X
2.6
Ms / Z As
N/mm2
145.2
N/mm2
0.45 fcu
18.0
fcb
0.8 fy
N/mm2
368.0
fs
N/mm2
OK
OK
(h-x) * fs
(d-x) * Es
8.65E-04
bt * (h-x) * (a' - x)
3*Es * As * (d-x)
9.62E-04
-9.755E-05
[(S/2)2+(c+ Dia./2)2]0.5 - Dia /2
118.8
mm
3 * Acr * Em
1+2[(Acr-Cmin.) / (h-x)]
-0.029
mm
OK

(As)Prov.
=
=
=
Astmin
Diameter
Spacing
=
=
=
780
16
250
mm2/m
mm
mm
Page 7 of 7
Safety index
804
780
804
1.03
mm2
> 1
OK
Page 8 of 7

1.0 DESIGN DATA.
Ms
=
=
35.4 kN.m
=
M
=
42.4 kN.m
=
V
=
59.0 kN
=
B
=
1000.0 mm
Thickness of slab
=
D
=
600.0 mm
f
Grade of concrete
=
=
40 N/mm2
cu
fy
=
=
460 N/mm2
Ec
=
=
2.6E+04 N/mm2
Es
=
=
2.0E+05 N/mm2
=
c
=
70 mm
=
w
=
0.20 mm
2.0 DESIGN
Effective depth
k
z
z - Max.
(As)req.
(As)Prov.
Safety index
2.2-CHECK FOR SHEAR

Design shear stress
0.8[Sqrt(fcu.)]
100As / bd
(400/d)
Therefore 400/d

Rebar spacing
Diameter
Spacing
1005
196
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
D-c-(Dia/2)
522
mm
2
M / bd fcu
5.13
0.004
d [ 0.5 +( 0.25 - k/0.9)0.5 ]
520
mm
496
mm
M / 0.95 fy z
196
16
200
1005
mm2
mm
mm
mm2
> 1
= V / bv d
= 0.11
N/mm2
= 5.1
N/mm2
< 0.8[sqrt(fcu.)] & 5 N/mm2
= 0.193
%
= 0.77
= 1.00
vc
= 0.43
N/mm2
OK
200
OK
mm
Page 6 of 7
Steel ratio
Modular ratio
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
e *
X /d
Lever arm
=
=
X
Z
fcb

fs
fcb'
=
=
>
=
=
>
fs'
E1
=
=

(For bending only)
=
=
=
=
=
=
Em
Acr
Crack width
=
=
<
(As)Prov. / bd
0.0019
Es / (Ec/2)
2.0E+05
1.30E+04
15.38
0.030
e*{[(1+ (2 /e* - 1}
0.216
112.5
mm
d - X/3
484.5
mm
2Ms / Z b X
1.3
Ms / Z As
N/mm2
72.6
N/mm2
0.45 fcu
18.0
fcb
0.8 fy
N/mm2
368.0
fs
N/mm2
OK
OK
(h-x) * fs
(d-x) * Es
4.32E-04
bt * (h-x) * (a' - x)
3*Es * As * (d-x)
9.62E-04
-5.298E-04
[(S/2)2+(c+ Dia./2)2]0.5 - Dia /2
118.8
mm
3 * Acr * Em
1+2[(Acr-Cmin.) / (h-x)]
-0.157
mm
OK

(As)Prov.
=
=
=
Astmin
Diameter
Spacing
=
=
=
780
16
250
mm2/m
mm
mm
Page 7 of 7
Safety index
804
780
804
1.03
mm2
> 1
OK
Page 8 of 7

1.0 DESIGN DATA.
Ms
=
=
164.7 kN.m
=
M
=
197.6 kN.m
=
V
=
274.5 kN
=
B
=
1000.0 mm
Thickness of slab
=
D
=
600.0 mm
f
Grade of concrete
=
=
40 N/mm2
cu
fy
=
=
460 N/mm2
Ec
=
=
2.6E+04 N/mm2
Es
=
=
2.0E+05 N/mm2
=
c
=
70 mm
=
w
=
0.20 mm
2.0 DESIGN
Effective depth
k
z
z - Max.
(As)req.
(As)Prov.
Safety index
2.2-CHECK FOR SHEAR

Design shear stress
0.8[Sqrt(fcu.)]
100As / bd
(400/d)
Therefore 400/d

Rebar spacing
Diameter
Spacing
2513
916
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
D-c-(Dia/2)
520
mm
2
M / bd fcu
2.75
0.018
d [ 0.5 +( 0.25 - k/0.9)0.5 ]
509
mm
494
mm
M / 0.95 fy z
916
20
125
2513
mm2
mm
mm
mm2
> 1
= V / bv d
= 0.53
N/mm2
= 5.1
N/mm2
< 0.8[sqrt(fcu.)] & 5 N/mm2
= 0.483
%
= 0.77
= 1.00
vc
= 0.58
N/mm2
OK
125
OK
mm
Page 6 of 7
Steel ratio
Modular ratio
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
e *
X /d
Lever arm
=
=
X
Z
fcb

fs
fcb'
=
=
>
=
=
>
fs'
E1
=
=

(For bending only)
=
=
=
=
=
=
Em
Acr
Crack width
=
=
<
(As)Prov. / bd
0.0048
Es / (Ec/2)
2.0E+05
1.30E+04
15.38
0.074
e*{[(1+ (2 /e* - 1}
0.318
165.6
mm
d - X/3
464.8
mm
2Ms / Z b X
4.3
Ms / Z As
N/mm2
141.0
N/mm2
0.45 fcu
18.0
fcb
0.8 fy
N/mm2
368.0
fs
N/mm2
OK
OK
(h-x) * fs
(d-x) * Es
8.64E-04
bt * (h-x) * (a' - x)
3*Es * As * (d-x)
3.53E-04
5.109E-04
[(S/2)2+(c+ Dia./2)2]0.5 - Dia /2
91.5
mm
3 * Acr * Em
1+2[(Acr-Cmin.) / (h-x)]
0.128
mm
OK

(As)Prov.
=
=
=
Astmin
Diameter
Spacing
=
=
=
780
16
250
mm2/m
mm
mm
Page 7 of 7
Safety index
804
780
804
1.03
mm2
> 1
OK
Page 8 of 7

1.0 DESIGN DATA.
Ms
=
=
172.9 kN.m
=
M
=
207.5 kN.m
=
V
=
288.1 kN
=
B
=
1000.0 mm
Thickness of slab
=
D
=
600.0 mm
f
Grade of concrete
=
=
40 N/mm2
cu
fy
=
=
460 N/mm2
Ec
=
=
2.6E+04 N/mm2
Es
=
=
2.0E+05 N/mm2
=
c
=
70 mm
=
w
=
0.20 mm
2.0 DESIGN
Effective depth
k
z
z - Max.
(As)req.
(As)Prov.
Safety index
2.2-CHECK FOR SHEAR

Design shear stress
0.8[Sqrt(fcu.)]
100As / bd
(400/d)
Therefore 400/d

Rebar spacing
Diameter
Spacing
2513
961
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
D-c-(Dia/2)
520
mm
2
M / bd fcu
2.62
0.019
d [ 0.5 +( 0.25 - k/0.9)0.5 ]
509
mm
494
mm
M / 0.95 fy z
961
20
125
2513
mm2
mm
mm
mm2
> 1
= V / bv d
= 0.55
N/mm2
= 5.1
N/mm2
< 0.8[sqrt(fcu.)] & 5 N/mm2
= 0.483
%
= 0.77
= 1.00
vc
= 0.58
N/mm2
OK
125
OK
mm
Page 6 of 7
Steel ratio
Modular ratio
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
e *
X /d
Lever arm
=
=
X
Z
fcb

fs
fcb'
=
=
>
=
=
>
fs'
E1
=
=

(For bending only)
=
=
=
=
=
=
Em
Acr
Crack width
=
=
<
(As)Prov. / bd
0.0048
Es / (Ec/2)
2.0E+05
1.30E+04
15.38
0.074
e*{[(1+ (2 /e* - 1}
0.318
165.6
mm
d - X/3
464.8
mm
2Ms / Z b X
4.5
Ms / Z As
N/mm2
148.0
N/mm2
0.45 fcu
18.0
fcb
0.8 fy
N/mm2
368.0
fs
N/mm2
OK
OK
(h-x) * fs
(d-x) * Es
9.07E-04
bt * (h-x) * (a' - x)
3*Es * As * (d-x)
3.53E-04
5.538E-04
[(S/2)2+(c+ Dia./2)2]0.5 - Dia /2
91.5
mm
3 * Acr * Em
1+2[(Acr-Cmin.) / (h-x)]
0.138
mm
OK

(As)Prov.
=
=
=
Astmin
Diameter
Spacing
=
=
=
780
16
250
mm2/m
mm
mm
Page 7 of 7
Safety index
804
780
804
1.03
mm2
> 1
OK
Page 8 of 7
Design of COUNTERFORTS
Data:Design ultimate +ve bending moment
Design service +ve bending moment
=
=
M1
Ms1
=
=
4991.4
4159.5
kN.m
kN.m

Breadth
=
=
V
b
=
=
1485.5
600.0
kN
mm
Overall depth
Grade of concrete
=
=
D
fcu
=
=
3450.0
40.0
mm
N/mm2
Grade of main steel

Grade of stirrups
Clear cover
=
=
=
fy
fyv
=
=
=
460.0
460.0
40.0
N/mm2
N/mm2
mm
Clear side cover

Elastic modulus of steel
=
=
40.0
2.05E+05
mm
N/mm2

=
=
Es
Ec
=
=
2.80E+04
0.20
N/mm2
mm
Design for +ve bending moment

Effective depth
D-C
3373
M / bd2fcu
mm
The ratio
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3565
0.13% bD
2691
0.04bD
82800
mm2
=
=
4909
52.3
mm
mm
V / bvd
Lever arm
Min of {0.95d & d[0.5+SQRT(0.25-k/0.9)]}
Area of steel required

Minimum area of steel
Maximum area of steel
=
=
=
T
25
T
Area of steel provided
C/C spacing of the bottom most main bar
Check for shear
Shear stress at the face of the support
(As)req.
(As)Min.
(As)Max.
0.018
z
3204
M / 0.95fyz
mm
mm2
mm2
10
OKAY
(As)Prov.
0.73
0.8*(fcu) & 5.0
N/mm2
1/2
(400/d)
<
=
=
Therefore the design value of (400/d)

Ultimate shear stress
=
=
1.00
0.46
N/mm2
=
=
legged stirrups,
933
553
kN
kN
=
=
226
110
mm2
mm2
603
mm
100As / bd
Shear resistance
Shear will be carried by the stirrups
Provide
12
mm diameter
Asv
Minimum Asv = (0.4*bV*Sv) /0.95 fyv
Spacing of vertical stirrups required
=
=
2
vc
v - vc
OKAY
0.243 %
0.12
Maximum spacing
450
Spacing of vertical stirrups provided
200
mm
OKAY
Check for crack width - Tension bottom

Effective depth
Steel ratio
=
=
Modular ratio
The ratio
The ratio
=
=
*
x/d

Lever arm
=
=
x
z
fs
fcb
0.8 fy
0.45fcu

Permissible tensile stress on steel
Permissible concrete comp. stress
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
>
=
>
=
=
Se
The average strain at the surface
Length of widest crack
=
=
acr
Crack width
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3386
(As)Prov./bd
mm
0.0024
Es / (Ec/2)
14.64
0.035
e*{SQRT[1+2/(e*)}-1}
0.233
788.8
d - X/3
3122.6
Ms / zAs
mm
mm
271.4
2 Ms / zbx
N/mm2
5.6
368
fs
N/mm2
N/mm2
18
fcb
N/mm
OKAY
2
OKAY
(h-x)*fs
(d-x)*Es
1.36E-03
bt*(h-x)*(a'-x)
3*s*As*(d-x)
5.42E-04
1 - S e
8.146E-04
SQRT[(S/2)2+(c+/2)2]-/2
46.2
mm
3 acr*m
1+2[(acr-Cmin)/(h-x)]
0.112
mm
OKAY
600.0
3450.0
40.0
460.0
460.0
40.0
40.0
205000.0
28000.0
0.2
3303
3204
3565
>
<
OKAY
NOT OKAY
25
1610
#REF!
5.0
4909
#REF!
>
5.0
<
OKAY
NOT OKAY
4991.4
600.0
600.0
3450.0
40.0
460.0
40.0
25
4909
2.05E+05
1.40E+04
kN.m.
mm
mm
mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
mm
mm
OKAY
NOT OKAY
>
<
#REF!
600.0
600.0
3450.0
40.0
460.0
40.0
kN.m.
mm
#REF!
#REF!
mm
mm
2.05E+05
N/mm2
1.40E+04
N/mm2
OKAY
NOT OKAY
>
<
33400mm
A
C
A
New Retaining wall
(Existing bund wall to be
demolished)
Access stair over the existing bund

PLAN
Existing Bund
(To be retained)
D
SECTION A-A
0.60
9.00
0
2
6.7
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
16
200
16
16
250
(Both faces)
250
Earth side
#REF!
#REF!
(Top & Bottom)
#REF!
#REF!
Page 17 of 2
(Top & Bottom)
Page 18 of 2

Retaining Wall

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Retaining Wall

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1.1 DESIGN PHELOSOPHY :The retaining wall is designed for the max.

Dry Density of soil

Submerged Density of soil - 20kN/m3

FOS for sliding

FOS for Overturning

ANALYSIS OF RETAINING WALL ON THE SIDE OF STAIR IN W-32

Angle of internal friction of soil

Safe bearing capacity of soil

Total height of retaining wall

Depth of base slab below ground level

Width of base slab

Thickness of base slab

Elastic modulus of concrete

RETAINING WALL ARRANGEMENT

BASE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION

CALCULATION FOR LATERAL FORCES / MOMENTS

Lateral pressure due to earth

Lateral pressure due to surcharge

Lateral pressure due to water

From Reynold's Handbook, pp20 Lateral pressure due to point Load

Horizontal force due to surcharge

Horizontal force due to water

Horizontal force due to point Load

Total horizontal force

Moment of earth pressure about toe

Moment of surcharge pressure about toe

Moment of water pressure about toe

Moment of point Load about toe

Total induced moment at base

RESTORING FORCES / MOMENT CALCULATION

Moment about 'T'

CHECK FOR SLIDING

Total vertical restoring force

Horizontal frictional resistance

Passive resistance of soil on toe side

Net Restoring Force

Factor of safety against sliding

Co-efficient of passive earth pressure

Co-efficient of passive earth pressure

To avoid sliding 1.5 time total active earth pressure

Frictional resistance due to self wt of wall

Passive earth pressure required for which depth of shear key

Passive pressure at bottom

Passive pressure at bottom

Area of stress block of passive earth pressure below base

Provide Shear key for a Depth of 500mm below base slab.

Total restoring moment at base at bottom of toe i.e.

Restoring Moment due to Passive Pressure on toe side

Factor of safety against overturning

CHECK FOR BEARING PRESSURE

< B/6 No Tension

Maximum soil pressure

Minimum soil pressure

Gross bearing capacity of soil at fdn. Level

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION (STEM)

Horizontal force due to earth pressure

Horizontal force due to surcharge

Horizontal deflection due to P2

Total Horizontal maximum deflection

CALCULATION OF DESIGN FORCES / MOMENTS

BM due to Surcharge pressure (p2)

Moment of water pressure about toe

Total Maximum moment

Total Maximum shear force