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ISSN: 0122-0268
ORIGINAL
ABSTRACT
Objective. To determine the association of intron 3 polymorphism of the bovine growth hormone (BGH)
gene, with age at first service, first birth, first postpartum service and second birth in a population of
Holstein cows in the state of Antioquia. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 408
Holstein cows in 8 herds. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP technique with DNA extracted
from peripheral blood by the salting out technique. The Phenotypic information used was collected for
4 years, from a dairy production control program. To determine the association between characteristics
and gene polymorphism, parametric statistical analyzes were performed as generalized linear models
and linear regression analysis. Results. Allele frequency (positive) was 0.91 and was 0.09 for (negative)
allele. Genotypic frequencies were 0.77, 0.2 and 0.03 for (positive/positive), (positive/negative) and
(negative/negative) respectively. There were significant differences between the mean of age at
first service, age at first birth, age at first postpartum service and age at second birth. For all of the
(negative/negative) genotype characteristics there were greater ages for each event. Conclusions.
These results suggest that intron-3 polymorphism of the BGH gene is associated with reproductive
traits, facilitating the selection of individuals with favorable genotypes for use in breeding programs.
Key words: Animal reproduction, molecular markers, PCR-RFLP (Source: Mesh).
RESUMEN
Objetivo. Determinar la asociacin del polimorfismo del intrn 3 del gen de la hormona de crecimiento
bovino (BGH) con las edades al primer servicio, primer parto, primer servicio posparto y segundo
parto en una poblacin de vacas Holstein del departamento de Antioquia. Materiales y mtodos.
El estudio se realiz con 408 vacas Holstein ubicadas en 8 hatos. La genotipificacin se llev a cabo
usando la tcnica de PCR-RFLP con ADN extrado de sangre perifrica mediante la tcnica de salting
out. La informacin fenotpica utilizada fue recopilada durante 4 aos, a partir de un programa de
control de produccin lechera. Para determinar la asociacin entre las caractersticas y el polimorfismo
del gen, se realizaron anlisis estadsticos paramtricos mediante modelos lineales generalizados y
anlisis de regresin lineal. Resultados. La frecuencia para el alelo (positivo) fue de 0.91 y para
el alelo (negativo) fue de 0.09. Las frecuencias genotpicas fueron 0.77, 0.2 y 0.03 para (positivo/
positivo), (positivo/negativo) y (negativo/negativo) respectivamente. Se presentaron diferencias
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significativas entre las medias de la edad al primer servicio, la edad al primer parto, edad al primer
servicio postparto y edad al segundo parto. Para todas las caractersticas el genotipo (negativo/
negativo) present edades ms tardas para cada eventos. Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren
que el polimorfismo del intrn 3 del gen BGH, est asociado con caractersticas de tipo reproductivo,
facilitando la implementacin de un programa de seleccin de individuos con genotipos favorables,
para su uso en programas de mejoramiento gentico animal.
Palabras clave: Marcadores moleculares, PCR-RFLP, reproduccin animal (Fuente: Mesh).
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCCIN
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MATERIALES Y MTODOS
reas y poblacin en estudio. Se utilizaron 408
bovinos de la raza Holstein pertenecientes a 8 hatos
lecheros ubicados en el trpico alto Antioqueo, zonas
norte y oriental del departamento, en los municipios
de San Pedro de los Milagros (altura 2475 msnm; con
una temperatura (T) de 14C), Belmira (altura 2550
msnm; T 14C) y Medelln corregimiento Santa Elena
(altura 2500 msnm; T 17C).
Extraccin de ADN y determinacin de las
variantes genotpicas. Para la determinacin de
las variantes genotpicas, se extrajo sangre de la
vena coccgea y se realiz la extraccin del ADN,
mediante la tcnica de salting out (11). Slo el ADN
genmico con una pureza adecuada entre 1.8-2.0
se consider para los estudios a realizar.
Se sintetizaron los siguientes oligonucletidos, de 20
pares de bases (pb) F 5 CCC ACG GGC AAG AAT GAG
GC 3, R 5 TGA GGA ACT GCA GGG GCC CA 3, que
permitieron amplificar el fragmento de 329 pb que
presenta el sitio de restriccin para la endonucleasa
MspI (12).
Se llev a cabo una amplificacin mediante PCR
para la regin especfica, usando un volumen final
de 25 l que contena 2.5 l tampn PCR 10X
(1.0-1.5 mM de MgCl2, 50 mM de KCl, 10 mM de
Tris-HCl, pH de 8.3), 0.2 M de cebadores; 0.4
mM de cada dNTPs, 2 mM de MgCl2, 1 unidad de
Taq polimerasa y ~30-60 ng de ADN genmico.
La PCR se realiz en un termociclador (Biometra).
Las condiciones para la amplificacin de la regin
especfica del gen BGH fueron: la desnaturalizacin
con calentamiento inicial durante cinco minutos a
94C, seguido por 39 ciclos de desnaturalizacin
a 94C por 1 minuto, alineamiento de cebadores
(anneling) a 55C por 1 minuto, extensin a 72C
por 1 min y un paso de extensin final de 3 minutos
a 72C para terminar la reaccin (12). La temperatura
de alineamiento utilizada se determin siguiendo la
recomendacin de los distribuidores de los cebadores
y mediante diferentes ensayos que arrojaron mayor
eficiencia de alineamiento a la temperatura citada
(55C), (12). Como control positivo de todas las
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RESULTS
Determination of genotype and allele
frequencies of the gene for the growth
hormone (BGH). A 329pb fragment was
amplified from the DNA of 408 animals. The
analysis of the restriction fragments using the
MspI enzyme originated two restriction patterns;
329 pb, corresponding to the (negative) allele
and 224 and 105 pb, corresponding to the
(positive) allele. Allele frequencies (positive) and
(negative) were 0.91 and 0.09, respectively. The
genotype frequencies were 0.77, 0.2 and 0.03
for (positive/positive), (positive/negative) and
(negative/negative), respectively.
Descriptive analysis. The average age at first
service was 58991.17 days. For the age at first
birth an average of 911126.2 days was obtained,
for the first postpartum service 1013142.57
days, and for the second birth 1314138.01
days was obtained. All characteristics showed a
relatively low Coefficient of Variation (CV), with
the age at first service having the highest value
(15.4%) (Table 1). However, these values are
too
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RESULTADOS
Determinacin de las frecuencias allicas
y genotpicas del gen de la hormona de
crecimiento (BGH). Se amplific un fragmento
de 329 pb a partir del ADN de 408 animales. El
anlisis de los fragmentos de restriccin usando
la enzima MspI, origin 2 patrones de restriccin;
329 pb, correspondiente al alelo (negativo) y 224
y 105 pb, correspondiente al alelo (positivo). Las
frecuencias allicas de (positivo) y (negativo)
fueron de 0.91 y 0.09, respectivamente. Las
frecuencias genotpicas fueron 0.77, 0.2 y 0.03
para (positivo/positivo), (positivo/negativo) y
(negativo/negativo), respectivamente.
Anlisis descriptivo. El promedio para la edad
al primer servicio fue de 58991.17 das. Para la
edad al primer parto se obtuvo un promedio de
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Mean
SD
CV%
433
589
91.1
15.4
448
911
126.2
13.8
391
1013
142.5
14.0
453
1314
138.0
10.5
Table 2. Tukey analysis for age at first service, first birth, first postpartum service and second birth in Holstein
cows in the state of Antioquia.
Genotype
(positive/positive)
577.4
905.0
998.2
1304.6
(positive/negative)
590.3b
905.3
1000.1
1305.8
(negative/negative)
646.3
967.3
1040.4
1375.3b
Intercept (I)
Beta ()
Standard
Error
617.21
-20.3
3.09
927.37
-11.67
4.4
1015.05
-8.5
4.9
1335.04
-15.83
5.2
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DISCUSIN
Las frecuencias genotpicas y allicas obtenidas en
el presente trabajo coinciden con las reportadas
por Gorbani et al (15), quienes en una poblacin
de 183 animales de raza Holstein, encontraron
frecuencias de 0.787, 0.191 y 0.022 para los
genotipos (positivo/positivo), (positivo/negativo)
y (negativo/negativo) respectivamente, y 0.883
y 0.117 para los alelos (positivo) y (negativo)
respectivamente.
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DISCUSSION
Genotypic and allelic frequencies obtained in this
study agree with those reported by Gorbani et
al (15), who, in a population of 183 Holsteins,
found frequencies of 0.787, 0.191 and 0.022
for (positive/positive), (positive/negative) and
(negative/negative) genotypes, respectively, and
0.883 and 0.117 for (positive) and (negative) alleles
respectively.
Mullen et al (16) found an association between
three of six polymorphisms located in the first exon
(5 region) of the GH gene. These newly found
SNP were associated with pregnancy rate and first
service; however, no association with the age at
which the event occurs were performed. Reports
generated by Katalin et al (17) mentioned that
polymorphism recognized by the AluI enzyme in
the exon 5 region position 127, and designated L
and V alleles, is not associated with the age at first
birth in Holstein cows.
The age at first breeding in heifers is an important
parameter of reproductive efficiency; reducing
the rearing period and rapid entry to the breeding
program generates a higher economic return;
a later age, the result obtained in this research,
reflects low reproductive efficiency in the herd
(1.2).
The age at first birth is another important factor
in the productive life of the animal. Advanced
ages at which this event occurs impact lesser milk
production and increased feed intake, resulting,
therefore, in a higher initial cost of breeding (18).
Establishing the age around which heifers are giving
birth evaluates the growth rate from birth to the
time they contribute milk or calves to the system
and return the rearing investment. The age at
first birth in this study was also high and therefore
should be the subject of work by both farmers and
researchers.
The (negative/negative) genotype was less
favorable, as it delays the age at first service, as
well as the age at first birth, postpartum service
and second birth. Although the low frequency of the
(negative/negative) genotype may indicate some
limitation when performing association analysis,
the intron 3 polymorphism of the BGH showed
significant results for all characteristics.
The greatest effect of genotype polymorphism
of the BGH was on age at first service. For each
(positive) allele, the first service occurred 20 days
before. This effect decreased age at first birth by 11
days and for age at second birth by 15 days. The
decrease in each of these parameters is important
for the herds breeding performance, resulting in
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