MMD 1

MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

Syllabus :

Matrices, algebra of matrices, types of matrices,

determinants and matrices of order two and three.
Properties of determinants, evaluation of
determinants, area of triangle using determinants.
Adjoint and evaluation of inverse of a square
matrix using determinants and elementary
transformations, Test of consistency and solution
of simultaneous linear equations in two or three
variables using determinants and matrices.

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Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111

MMD 2
CONCEPTS (Matrices)
C1.

Definition :
Any rectangular arrangement of numbers (real or complex) (or of real valued or complex valued
expressions) is called a matrix. If a matrix has m rows and n columns then the order of matrix is said to be
m by n (denoted as m n). The matrix is usually denoted as [aij]m n where aij denote the element of ith row
and jth column. The elements a11, a22, a33,.........are called as diagonal elements. Their sum is called as trace
of A denoted as Tr(A)
Practice Problems :

1.

1 5 7

7 9 , then trace of matrix A is

If A 0

11 8 9
(a)

17

(b)

25

(c)

(d)

12

[Answers : (1) a]
C2

Types of Matrices :
(i)

Row matrix : A matrix having only one row is called as row matrix (or row vector).

(ii)

Column matrix : A matrix having only one column is called as column matrix.
(or column vector).

(iii)

Square matrix : A matrix in which number of rows & columns are equal is called a square
matrix.

(iv)

Zero matrix : A = [aij]m n is called a zero matrix, if aij = 0 i & j.

(v)

Upper triangular matrix : A = [aij]m n is said to be upper triangular, if aij = 0 for i > j (i.e. all the
elements below the diagonal elements are zero).

(vi)

Lower triangular matrix : A = [aij]m n is said to be a lower triangular matrix, if aij = 0 for i < j
(i.e. all the elements above the diagonal elements are zero)

(vii)

Diagonal matrix : A square matrix [aij]n is said to be a diagonal matrix if aij = 0 for i j.
(i.e. all the elements of the square matrix other than diagonal elements are zero). Diagonal
matrix of order n is denoted as Diag (a11, a22, .. ann).

(viii)

Scalar matrix : Scalar matrix is a diagonal matrix in which all the diagonal elements are same
A = [aij]n is a scalar matrix, if (i) aij = 0 for i j and (ii) aij = k for i = j

(ix)

Unit matrix (Identity matrix) :

Unit matrix is a diagonal matrix in which all the diagonal elements are unity. Unit matrix of order
n is denoted by In (or I) i.e. A = [aij]n is a unit matrix when aij = 0 for i j & aij = 1.

C3.

(x)

Comparable matrices : Two matrices A & B are said to be comparable, if they have the same
order (i.e., number of rows of A & B are same and also the number of columns).

(xi)

Equal matrices : Two matrices A and B are said to be equal if they are comparable and all the
corresponding elements are equal.

Operation on Matrices :
Addition of matrices : Let A and B be two matrices of same order (i.e. comparable matrices). Then A + B
is defined to be A + B = [aij]m n + [bij]m n = [cij]m n where cij = aij + bij i & j
Substraction of matrices : Let A and B be two matrices of same order. Then A B is defined as A + ( B)
where B is (1) B.
Multiplication of matrix by scalar : Let be a scalar (real or complex number) and A = [aij]m n be a
matrix. Thus the product A is defined as A = [bij]m n where bij = aij i & j. If A is a scalar matrix, then
A = I, where is the diagonal element.

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MMD 3
Multiplication of matrices : Let A and B be two matrices such that the number of columns ofA is same as
p

number of rows of B. i.e. A = [aij]m p & B = [bij]p n. Then AB = [cij]m n where cij =

ik

b kj , which is the

k 1

dot product of ith row vector of A and jth column vector of B. In general AB BA.
Practice Problems :

1.

1 0 2 1
The value of x for which 1 1 x 0 2 1 1 0 is

2 1 0 1
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

[Answers : (1) b]
C4.

Transpose of a Matrix
Let A = [aij]m n. Then the transpose of A is denoted by A (or AT) and is defined as A = [bij]n m where
bij = aji i and j i.e. A is obtained by rewriting all the rows of A as column (or by rewritting all the
columns of A as rows).
Properties of transpose of matrices :
(i)

For any matrix A = [aij]m n, (A ) = A

(ii)

Let be a scalar and A be a matrix. Then (A) = A

(iii)

(A + B) = A + B and (A B) = A B for two comparable matrices A and B.

(iv)

Let A = [aij]m p and B = [bij]p n then (AB) = B A

(v)

Symmetric and skew symmetric matrix : A square matrix A is said to be symmetric if A = A

i.e.

a h g

Let A = [aij]n. A is symmetric iff aij = aji i & j. For example A h b f is a

g f c

symmetric matrix.
A square matrix A is said to be skew symmetric if A = A i.e.let A = [aij]n. A is skew

x y
0

symmetric iff aij = aij i & j. For example B x

o z is a skew symmetric matrix.

y z 0
C5.

Submatrix, Minors, Cofactors and Determinant of a Matrix

Submatrix : Let A be a given matrix. The matrix obtained by deleting some rows or columns of A is called
as submatrix of A.

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New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111

MMD 4
Determinant of a square matrix :

a11
a 21

a12
a 22

If A = [aij] be a square matrix of order n, then the number ...

...

...
...

a n1 a n 2

... a1n
... a 2n
...
...

...
...

is the determinant of the

... a nn

matrix A.
Singular and non singular matrix : A square matrix A is said to be singular or non singular according as
|A| is zero or non zero respectively.
Cofactor matrix and adjoint matrix : Let A = [aij]n be a square matrix. The matrix obtained by replacing
each element of A by corresponding cofactor is called as cofactor matrix of A, denoted as cofactor A. The
transpose of cofactor matrix of A is called as adjoint A, denoted as adj A.
Properties of cofactor A and adj A :
(a)

A . adj A = |A| In = (adj A) A where A = [aij]n

(b)

|adj A| = |A|n 1, where n is order of A.

(c)

If A is a symmetric matrix, then adj A are also symmetric matrices.

(d)

IfA is singular, then adj A is also singular.

Inverse of matrix (reciprocal matrix) : Let A be a non singular matrix. Then the matrix

1
adjA is the
|A|

multiplicative inverse of A (we call it inverse of A) and is denoted by A1.

Important Points :
1.

(A1)1 = A if A is non singular

2.

Let k be a non zero scalar & A be a non singular matrix. Then (kA)1 =

1 1
A .
k

Practice Problems :
1.

If A is an invertible matrix, then det (A1) is equal to

(a)

2.

3.

det (A)

(b)

1
det( A )

(c)

(d)

none of these

If A is a singular matrix, then A adj. A is

(a)

identity matrix

(b)

null matrix

(c)

scalar matrix

(d)

none of the above

If A is a square matrix of order n n and k is a scalar, then adj (k A) is equal to

(a)

k adj A

(b)

kn adj A

(c)

kn 1 adj A

(d)

kn + 1 adj A

[Answers : (1) b (2) b (3) c]

C6.

More Definitions on Matrices :

(a)

Nilpotent matrix :
A square matrix A is said to be nilpotent (of order 2) if A2 = O.
A square matrix is said to be nilpotent of order p if p is the least positive integer such that
Ap = O.

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MMD 5
(b)

Idempotent matrix :
A square matrix A is said to be idempotent if A2 = A.

(c)

Involutory matrix :
A square matrix A is said to be involutory if A2 = I, I being the identity matrix.

(d)

Orthogonal matrix :

(e)

A square matrix A is said to be orthogonal matrix if A A = I = A A.

Unitary matrix :
A square matrix A is said to be unitary if A( A ) = I, where A is the complex conjugate of A.

CONCEPTS (Determinants)

C1.

a1
Determinant : The symbol a 2
a3

b1
b2
b3

c1
c 2 is called the determinant of order three.
c3

Minors :
The minor of a given element of a determinant is the determinant of the elements which remain after
deleting the row and the column in which the given element stands.
Cofactor :
Cofactor of the element aij is Cij = (1)i + j Mij; where i & j denotes the row & column in which the particular
element lines.
C2.

Properties of Determinants :
(i)

The value of a determinant remains unaltered, if the rows & columns are inter changed.

(ii)

If any two rows (or columns) of a determinant be interchanged, the value of determinant is
changed in sign only.

(iii)

If a determinant has all the element zero in any row or column then its value is zero.

(iv)

If a determinant has any two rows (or columns) identical, then its value is zero.

(v)

If all the elements of any row (or column) be multiplied by the same number, then the
determinant is multiplied by that number.

(vi)

If each element of any row (or column) can be expressed as a sum of two terms then the
determinant can be expressed as the sum of two determinants.

(vii)

The value of a determinant is not altered by adding to the elements of any row (or column)
constant multiple of the corresponding elements of any other row (or column).

Practice Problems :

1.

2.

log z x log z y
1
1
log x y log x z is equal to
log y x
1
log y z
(a)

(b)

(c)

log x + log y + log z

(d)

0
x a x b
0
x c 0 is given by
If a b c, one value of x which satisfies the equation x a
xb xc
0
(a)

x=a

Einstein Classes,

(b)

x=b

(c)

x=c

(d)

x=0

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New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111

MMD 6

3.

b 2 c2
ab
If
ca
(a)

4.

ab
c a2

ac
bc

cb

a 2 b2

ka 2 b 2 c 2 , then k is equal to

(b)

(c)

(d)

x2 + 2

(c)

(d)

none of these

The value of determinant

x 1

x2

x4

x 3 x 5 x 8 is
x 7 x 10 x 14
(a)

5.

6.

(b)

a
b

none of these

a b
b c is equal to zero, if
The determinant
a b b c
0

b
c

(a)

a, b, c are in G.P.

(b)

(x ) is a factor of ax2 + 2bx + c = 0

(c)

both (a) and (b) are incorrect

(d)

both (a) and (b) are correct

ax
c
b
bx
a 0 is
If a + b + c = 0, then one root is c
b
a
cx
(a)

7.

x=1

(b)

x=2

(c)

x = a2 + b2 + c2

(d)

x=0

pa qb rc
If p + q + r = a + b + c = 0, then the value of qc ra pb is
rb pc qa
(a)

(b)

ap + bp + cr

(c)

(d)

none of these

[Answers (1) d (2) d (3) c (4) a (5) d (6) d (7) a]

C3.

Operation on Determinants :
Summation of Determinants

f (r ) g(r ) h(r )
Let (r ) a1
b1

a2
b2

n
n

(r )
r 1

a 3 where a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3 are constant independent of r, then
b3
n

f (r )

r 1

g(r )

r 1

h( r )
r 1

a1

a2

a3

b1

b2

b3

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MMD 7
Here function of r can be the elements of only row or column. None of the elements other than that row or
column should be dependent on r. If more than one column or row have elements dependent on r then first
expand the determinant and then find the summation.
Multiplication of Two Determinants :

a1

b1

c1

l1

m1

n1

a 1l 1 b 1 l 2 c1l 3

a 1m 1 b 1m 2 c 1m 3

a 1n 1 b 1n 2 c 1n 3

a2

b2

c2 l 2

m2

n 2 a 2l1 b 2l 2 c 2l 3

a 2m1 b 2m 2 c 2m 3

a 2 n 1 b 2 n 2 c 2n 3

a3

b3

c3

m3

n3

a 3l1 b 3l 2 c 3l 3

a 3m1 b 2m 3 c 3m 3

a 3 n 1 b 3 n 2 c 3n 3

l3

We have multiplied here rows by rows but we can also multiply rows by column, columns by rows and
columns by columns.
Practice Problems :

a 1
1.

If

n
2

6
2

a (a 1)
(a 1) 3

2n
3n 3

4n 2 , then a is equal to
n 1
3n 2 3n

(a)

(b)

(c)

n (n 1) a (a 1)

2 2

(d)

none of the above

[Answers : (1) a]
C4.

Cramers Rule : System of Linear Equations

For three variables
Let

a1x + b1y + c1z = d1........(I)

a2x + b2y + c2z = d2........(II)
a3x + b3y + c3z = d3........(III)

D
D1
D
,Y 2 ,Z 3
D
D
D

Then

where

a1
D a2

b1
b2

c1
d1
c 2 ; D1 d 2

b1
b2

c1
a1
c 2 ; D2 a 2

d1
d2

c1
a1
c2 & D3 a 2

b1
b2

d1
d2

a3

b3

c3

b3

c3

d3

c3

b3

d3

d3

a3

a3

Consistency of a system of Equations

(a)

If D 0 and atleast one of D1, D2, D3 0, then the given system of equations are consistent and
have unique non trivial solution.

(b)

If D 0 & D1 = D2 = D3 = 0, then the given system of equations are consistent and have trivial
solution only.

(c)

If D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0, then the given system of equations have either infinite solutions or

no solution.

(d)

If D = 0 but atleast one of D1, D2, D3 is not zero then the equation are inconsistent and have no
solution.

(e)

If a given system of linear equations have Only Zero Solution for all its variables then the given
equations are said to have TRIVIAL SOLUTION.

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Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111

MMD 8
Practice Problems :
1.

The system of equations kx + y + z = 1, x + ky + z = k and x + y + kz = k2 have no solution if k equals

(a)

2.

(b)

(c)

(d)

If the system of equations x + ay + az = 0, bx + y + bz = 0, cx + cy + z = 0 where a, b and c are non-zero

and non-unity, has a non-trivial solution, then the value of

a
b
c
is

1 a 1 b 1 c

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

abc
a b2 c2
2

[Answers : (1) d (2) c]

C5.

Application of Determinants :
Following examples of short hand writing large expressions are :
(i)

Area of a triangle whose vertices are (xr, yr); r = 1, 2, 3 is

x1
1
x2
2
x3

y1
y2
y3

1
1 . If D = 0 then the three points are collinear..
1

x
(ii)

(iii)

Equation of a straight line passing through (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is x1
x2
The lines :

y1 1 0
y2 1

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0........(1)

a2x + b2y + c2 = 0........(2)
a3x + b3y + c3 = 0........(3)

a1

b1

c1

are concurrent if a 2
a3

b2

c2 0 .
c3

b3

Condition for the consistency of three simultaneous linear equations in 2 variables.

(iv)

ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a pair of straight lines if :

a h g
abc + 2fgh af2 bg2 ch2 = 0 = h b f .
g f c
Practice Problems :
1.

If A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C (x3, y3) are the vertices of an equilateral triangle whose each side is equal

to a, then

(a)

x1

y1

x2
x3

y2
y3

2 is equal to
2

3a4

(b)

3a2

(c)

3a6

(d)

none of these

[Answers : (1) a]

Einstein Classes,

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New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111

MMD 9

INITIAL STEP EXERCISE

1.

If A5 = O, such that An I for 1 n 4, then

(I A)1 equals
(a)

A4

(b)

(c)

I+A

(d)

a
2.

3.

4.

f ( x ) ax
ax 2

If

7.

A3
none of these

a 1 , then f(2x) f(x) equals

ax a

(a)

a(2a + 3x)

(b)

ax(2x + 3a)

(c)

ax(2a + 3x)

(d)

x(2a + 3x)

If A, B are the square matrices of the same order,

then adj (AB) is equal to
(a)

(adj A) (adj B) (b)

(adj B) (adj A)

(c)

adj A + adj B

adj A adj B

(d)

8.

(a)

( AB) BA

(b)

( AB) A B

(c)

AB = 0 |A| = 0 or |B| = 0

(d)

AB = 0 A = 0 or B = 0

f (x)

x 1

2x
x ( x 1)
( x 1) x
2(ax b) 2ax 2b 1 2ax b

6.

(b)

(c)

100

(d)

100

The value of determinant

log x

log y

(b)

3
a 3 1
a

(c)

3
a 3 1
a

(d)

2
a 3 1
a

For positive numbers x, y, z the numerical value of

log x y log x z

log y x
3
log y z is
log z x log z y
5

(a)

(b)

log x log y log z

(c)

(d)

1 1 1
0 , then
If
a b c

(a)
(c)

1 a
1 is
1 1 a

1 a
1
1

1 b 1 is
1 1 c

equal to

then f(100) is equal to

(a)

2
a 3 1
a

the determinant

1
1

(a)

A and B are two square matrices of same order and

A denotes the transpose of A, then

If

The value of determinant

1
5.

1 a

10.

log z

log 2x log 2 y log 2z is

log 3x log 3y log 3z

0
abc

(b)
(d)

abc
none of these

1 2 1

2 then det [adj (adj A)] is

If A 1 2

2 1 1
(a)

(17)1

(b)

(17)2

(c)

(17)3

(d)

(17)4

(a)

(b)

log (xyz)

If D = diag. (d1, d2, d3,....dn) where di 0 for all i = 1,

2,.....n, then D1 is equal to

(c)

log (6 xyz)

(d)

6 log (xyz)

(a)

11.

12.

Einstein Classes,

diag. d11d 21.....d n1

(b)
D
(c)
2D
(d)
Adj. D
A and B be 3 3 matrices. Then AB = 0 implies
(a)
A = 0 and B = 0
(b)
|A| = 0 and |B| = 0
(c)
either |A| = 0 or |B| = 0
(d)
A = 0 or B = 0

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New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111

MMD 10

FINAL STEP EXERCISE

ab
1.

n2

n 3

x
n
If y

x
yn2

x
y n 3

zn

z n2

z n 3

5.

1 1 1
(x y) (y z) ( z x ) , then n equals
x y z

2.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

6.

bc

xy yz zx =
pq qr rp
(a)

(b)

abc + xyz + pqr

(c)

a (x + y + z) + b (p + q + r) + c

(d)

None of these

If n 3k and 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity,

then

a
2k
216 1
k
16
Let D k b 3(4 ) 2( 4 1) , then the value
c 7(8k ) 4(816 1)

1
2 n

n
1

2 n

(a)

(b)

is

2 n
n has the value
1

16

of

ca

(b)

(d)

k 1

(a)

(b)

a+b+c

(c)

ab + bc + ca

(d)

none of these

yz
7.

3.

4.

x
1 x2
2
ex
If ( x ) log(1 x )
cos x
tan x
(a)

(x) is divisible by x

(b)

(x) = 0

(c)

(x) = 0

(d)

none of the above

x3
sin x then
sin 2 x
8.

(s a ) 2
b2

(s c) 2

(s c) 2

zx
x kxyz, then k =
x
xy

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

The value of lying between = 0 and /2 and

satisfying the equation

sin 2
(s a ) 2
(s b) 2 is equal to
c2

(a)

2s3 (s a) (s b) (s c)

(b)

s3 (s a) (s b) (s c)

(c)

2s2(s a) (s b) (s c)

(d)

none of the above

9.

cos 2

4 sin 4
4 sin 4 0 aree
1 4 sin 4

(a)

7/24,11/24

(b)

5/24, 7/24

(c)

11/24, 5/24

(d)

none

If is a cube root of unity, then a root of the following equation is

2
1 0

x 1

x 2
2
(a)
(c)

Einstein Classes,

1 sin 2
cos 2
sin 2 1 cos 2

If a + b + c = 2s, then

a2
(s b) 2

z
y

If

x=1
2

x=

(b)

x=

(d)

x=0

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MMD 11
10.

If A is a square matrix of order n such that its elements are polynomial in x and its r-rows become
identical for x = k, then
(a)
(x k)r is a factor of |A|
(b)
(x k)r 1 is a factor of |A|
(c)
(x k)r + 1 is a factor |A|
(d)
(x k)r is a factor of A

11.

The value of

(a)

(b)

(d)
If

C1

C2
C2

C2

C3
C3 is equal to
C3

1.

7.

2.

8.

3.

9.

4.

10.

5.

11.

6.

12.

xyz( x y( y z)(z x )
12

(c)

12.

C1
C1

ANSWERS (INITIAL STEP

EXERCISE)

none of the above

f(x)

1
f(x) =
2

is

polynomial

satisfying

1
f (x ) f f (x )
x
and f(2) = 17, then
1
1
f
x

the value of f(5) is :

(a)

626

(b)

124

(c)

624

(d)

126

Einstein Classes,

ANSWERS (FINAL STEP EXERCISE)

1.

7.

2.

8.

3.

9.

4.

10.

5.

11.

6.

12.

Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111

MMD 12

AIEEE ANALYSIS [2003]

1.

If the system of linear equations

x + 2ay + az = 0

2.

If

x + 3by + bz = 0

a b
2
and A
A
, then

b a

x + 4cy + cz = 0

(a)

= a2 + b2, = 2ab

has a non-zero solution, then a, b, c

(b)

= a2 + b2, = a2 b2

(a)

are in G.P.

(c)

= 2ab, = a2 + b2

(b)

are in H.P.

(d)

= a2 + b2, = ab

(c)

satisfy a + 2b + 3c = 0

(d)

are in A.P.

AIEEE ANALYSIS [2004/2005]

3.

0 0 1

Let A 0 1 0 .The only correct

1 0 0

6.

If a2 + b2 + c2 = 2 and

1 a 2 x (1 b 2 ) x (1 c 2 ) x
f ( x ) (1 a 2 ) x 1 b 2 x (1 c 2 ) x
2

(1 a ) x (1 b ) x

statement about the matrix A is

1 c x

(a)

A1 does not exist

f(x) is a polynomial of degree

(b)

A = (1)I, where I is a unit matrix

(a)

(b)

(c)

A is a zero matrix

(c)

(d)

(d)

A2 = I

[2005]

[2004]
4.

7.

The system of equations

Let

x + y + z = 1
x + y + z = 1

2 2
1 1 1
4

A 2 1 3 and (10) B 5 0 .
1 1
1 2 3
1

x + y + z = 1
has no solution, if is
(a)

either 2 or 1

(b)

If B is the inverse of matrix A, then is

(c)

(a)

(b)

(d)

not 2

(c)

(d)

[2005]

[2004]
5.

If a1, a2, a3,........an,........are G.P., then the value of

logan logan1 logan 2

the determinant logan 3 logan 4 log an 5
logan6 logan 7 log an8
is
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

[2004, 2005]

Einstein Classes,

Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111

then

MMD 13

AIEEE ANALYSIS [2006]

8.

If A and B are square matrices of size n n such

that A2 B2 = (A B) (A + B), then which of the
following will be always true ?
(a)

either of A or B is an identity matrix

(b)

A=B

(c)

AB = BA

(d)

either of A or B is a zero matrix

1 2
Let A
and B
3 4

9.

a 0

, a, b N. Then
0 b

(a)

there exist infinitely many Bs such that

AB = BA

(b)

there cannot exist any B such that

AB = BA

(c)

there exist more than one but finite

number of Bs such that AB = BA

(d)

there exists exactly one B such that

AB = BA

AIEEE ANALYSIS [2007]

1
10.

If D 1 1 x

1 y

for x 0, y 0 then D is

(a)

divisible by x bot not y

(b)

divisible by y but not x

(c)

divisible by neither x nor y

(d)

divisible by both x and y

11.

5 5
Let A 0 5 . If |A2| = 25, then || equals
0 0
5
(a)

1/5

(b)

(c)

(d)

ANSWERS AIEEE ANALYSIS

1.

2.

3.

4.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Einstein Classes,

5.

6.

7.

Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111

MMD 14

TEST YOURSELF
1.

If , , are the roots of x3 + ax2 + b = 0, then the

6.

a
a2 1
3

2
A a 1
2
a 4 is symmetric aree
3
4a
1

determinant equals

(a)

a3

(b)

a3 3b

(a)

(b)

(c)

a2 3b

(d)

a3

(c)

(d)

none of these

sin cos sin cos

2.

7.

Value of sin cos sin cos is

sin

3.

cos sin cos

b2
, then A2 is equal
ab

(a)

(b)

(d)

none of these

sin sin sin

(c)

(b)

cos sec tan

(c)

sin sin sin + cos cos cos

(d)

1 2 2
If 3 A 2 1 2 and AA I , then x + y is
x 2 y

8.

equal to

1 a bc a 2
The determinant 1 b ca b 2 equals
1 c ab c 2

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)

(b c) (c a) (a b)

(b)

a2b2c2 abc

If the system of equations x + 2y 3z = 1,

(p + 2)z = 3, (2p + 1) y + z = 2 is inconsistent, then
the value of p is

(c)

(a + b + c) (bc + ca + ab)

(a)

(b)

1/2

(d)

none of these

(c)

(d)

If a, b, c are three complex numbers, then

0 b c

5.

ab
If A 2
a

(a)

9.

4.

The values of a for which the matrix

z b

a is
0

(a)

purely real

(b)

purely imaginary

(c)

abc

(d)

none of these

10.

The values of for which the system of equations

x + y + z = 1, x + 2y + 4z = , x + 4y + 10z = 2 is
consistent, are given by
(a)

1, 2

(b)

1, 2

(c)

1, 2

(d)

none of these

If pqr 0 and the system of equations

(p + a)x + by + cz = 0
ax + (q + b)y + cz = 0

ANSWERS

ax + by + (r + c)z = 0
has a non-trivial solution, then value of

p q r

a b c

1.

6.

2.

7.

3.

8.

4.

9.

5.

10.

is
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Einstein Classes,

Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111