Evaluation of Superpave Mixtures

Containing Hydrated Lime

Shadi Saadeh
Louay Mohammad
2007 Louisiana Transportation Engineering Conference
February 1214, 2007
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

OUTLINE
z Objectives
z Scope
z Experimental

Factorial
z Materials Characterization
z Results
z Conclusions

LTRC

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the fundamental engineering
properties of HMA mixtures containing
hydrated lime to a conventional mixture
designed to meet the current Louisiana
Superpave specifications
Evaluate the influence of the method of addition
of hydrated lime on the mechanical properties of
the resulting HMA mixtures.

LTRC

OBJECTIVE
z Is HMA Mixture Containing

Hydrated Lime With PG 70-22M

Similar To Conventional Mixtures
With PG 76-22M?

LTRC

SCOPE

Six 19.0 mm Level 2 HMA mixtures

Siliceous limestone aggregates
commonly used in Louisiana
Mixture 4
Mixture 1
No hydrated lime
No hydrated lime
PG 70-22M
PG 76-22M
M70CO
M76CO
Conventional one, as a control mixture
Conventional one, as a control mixture
Mixture 5
Mixture 2
Contains hydrated lime (1.5%)
Contains hydrated lime (1.5%)
Lime addition: wet (paste)
Lime addition: wet (paste)
simulates hydrated lime addition to
simulates hydrated lime addition to
wet aggregate in a pug mill
wet aggregate in a pug mill
PG 70-22M
PG 76-22M
M70LS
M76LS
Mixture 6
Mixture 3
Contains hydrated lime (1.5%)
Contains hydrated lime (1.5%)
Lime addition: dry (no paste)
Lime addition: dry (no paste)
simulates hydrated lime injected into
simulates hydrated lime injected into
the drum mixer
the drum mixer
PG 76-22M + HL(1.5%)
PG 70-22M + HL(1.5%)
M76LM
M70LM

LTRC

Aggregate Gradation
M76CO/M70CO M76LM/M70LM M76LS/M70LS

Spec.

#67 LS, %

37

38

38

#78 LS, %

25

25.5

25.5

#11 LS, %

29

21

21

CS, %

14

14

Lime, %

--

1.5

1.5

%AC

4.0

3.6

3.6

%Air Voids

3.7

3.6

3.6

2.53.5

%VMA

12

12

12

12

%VFA

68

69

69

68-78

Film Thickness,
Micron

7.9

7.2

7.2

Aggregate Gradation
100

Control

90

Lime

Percent Passing

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

0.075 0.300

1.18

2.36

4.75

9.5

12.5

19.0

25.0

Binder/Mixture Characterization
Binder
z PG Grading
z Frequency Sweep
Mixture
z Permanent Deformation
z Dynamic Modulus Test
z Flow Number
z Loaded Wheel Tracking Test
z Durability
z Semi Circular Bend Test
z

Loaded Wheel Tracking Test

Triplicate
AV = 7.0% 0.5
z

z
z

Indirect Tensile Strength Test

Sample Preparation

Sample Preparation -- |E*|, FN

150mmX170mm

100mmX150mm

Sample Preparation ITS, LWT

Kneading Compactor
SGC

100mm x 63.5mm
320 x 260 x 80 mm

Sample Preparation SCB

150mm x 57mm

SAMPLE PREPARATION Wet

1.5%

lime
3% water by the
wt. of lime
No Paste

LTRC

SAMPLE PREPARATION Dry

1.5%

lime

160C
20

minutes
Paste
LTRC

RESULTS

Binder Characterization
z

PG Grading
PG 76-22M
M76CO

PG 76-22M+1.5%HL
PG 88-16M*
M76LM

PG 70-22M
M70CO

PG 70-22M+1.5%HL
PG 76-16M*
M70LM

*Did not met Spec for G*Sin

Binder Characterization Master Curves

G*, Pa

1E+11

1E+07
PG 76-16
PG 70-22M
PG 76-22M
1000
0.000001

0.0001

0.01

1
Frequency, Hz

100

10000

1000000

ITS, psi

200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

M70CO

M70LS

ITS, psi

ITS, psi

ITS Test Results

200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

M70LM
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

M76CO

M70LS

M76CO

M76LS

M70LM

M76LM

SCB Test Results

Unaged
Aged for 5 days @ 85 C

z
z

Unaged
Aged

Critical Strain Energy, J c (KJ/m )

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

M76CO M70CO

M76LS

M70LS

M76LM M70LM

J c Aging Index, Aged/Unaged

SCB Test Results Aging Index

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

M 76CO

M 70CO

M 76LS

M 70LS

M 76LM

M 70LM

LWT Test Results

LWT Rut Depth @ 20K Cycle, mm

3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

M76CO

M70LS

M70LM

|E*| Test Results Master Curves

Master Curves

Dynamic Modulus|E*| (MPa)

100000

10000

70CO

70LS

70LM

76CO

76LS

76LM

1000

100
0.0001

0.01

100

10000

Reduced Frequency (Hz)

1000000

100000000

|E*| Test Results -- Summary

Dynamic Modulus |E*| Test Temperatures

|E*|

-10C

4.4C

25C

37.8C

54.4C

M76LM

M76LM

M76LS

M76LS

M76LS

M70LM

M70LM

M70LS

M76LM

M70LS

M76LS

M76LS

M76LM

M70LS

M76CO

M70LS

M70LS

M76CO

M76CO

M76LM

M76CO

M76CO

M70LM

M70LM

M70LM

M70CO

M70CO

M70CO

M70CO

M70CO

|E*| Test Results Comparison to M76CO

Average Ratio of E* to M76C0 E* Values
70CO
70LS
70LM
76LS
76LM

1.400
1.200

Ratio of E*

1.000
0.800
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
-10

4.4

25
Temperature (C)

37.8

54.4

STRAIN

Repeated Load Permanent Deformation

Test -- FN
FN

CYCLES

Flow Number, Cycles

10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

M76CO

M70LS

Mixtures

M70LM

Conclusion
z

Is HMA Mixture Containing Hydrated Lime With PG 7022M Similar To Conventional Mixtures With PG 76-22M?
Hydrated Lime : Yes
The influence of the method of addition of hydrated lime
on the mechanical properties of the resulting HMA
mixtures
Paste (Slurry) presented better performance properties
than No Paste
Aging
Mixes w/ HL showed less aging than those w/ no HL