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ABSTRACT
Natural selection and adaptation have always been a
part of the evolution of organisms. The simulation
activity aimed to fully understand the natural
selection process and adaptation concept. This had
been done by preparing two sets of simulated
environments in which a population of an imaginary
organism, Macaronicus noodlesia, must thrive in.
Predation was simulated to occur in both the
environments.
Results
showed
that
a
lot
of
individuals have survived predation in the grassy
environment (at 191 individuals) than in the rocky
environment (at 140 individuals). This is due to the
fact that the grasses could serve as a temporary
haven for the Macaronicus noodlesia at the onset of
predation. It was also found out that the grassy
environment would likely exhibit a significant
change in the gene frequency in the coming future
but not the rocky environment. This could be due to
the fact that the grassy environment favored much of
the green individuals to the point that the other
two would soon be eradicated from the environment
due to predation. As for the rocky environment,
although the result showed that it favored the
normal ones, we cant deny the fact that since all
the
individuals
cannot
blend
in
with
the
environment
then
their
chances
of
surviving
predation are equal.
Keywords: Macaronicus noodlesia, Natural selection,
Adaptation
INTRODUCTION
Natural selection and adaptation go hand in hand over the
course of evolution through attempting to produce a viable
organism
in
specific
population
that
can
survive
and
way
that
natural
specific
traits
of
abundant
within
selection
certain
is
organism
population,
as
the
process
become
wherein
more
consequence
or
of
less
their
an
organism
that
aids
and
substantially
improves
its
the
interplay
of
organisms
and
their
environment,
organisms
survival,
thereby,
the
concepts
of
natural
be
naturally-occurring
such
as
predation
or
man-
amount
carbon
of
dioxide
light
and
and
availability
nutrients
could
also
of
water,
affect
selection,
the
survival
of
the
fittest.
These
students
obtained
different
colored
raw
macaroni
in
summarizes
the
accomplishing
the
parameters
objectives
that
of
were
the
put
into
simulation
Kind of
Environment
Polymorphic
Trait under
selection
Alleles
Table 1.
SIMULATION
Grassy
Rocky
Environment
Environment
Body Color
Body Color
Green (cG)
Red
(cR)
Normal (c)
A
Figure
Green (cG)
Red
(cR)
Normal (c)
1.
The
simulated
environments
that
were
utilized
in
the
activity. A lot in the pool area of Bicol University main campus was
employed for the A.) rocky environment while the B.) Commencement
Ground was used for the grassy environment.
Experimental proper
The
contents
of
one
container
were
scattered
in
the
caught
individuals
were
brought
back
to
the
RESULTS
In
the
comparison
of
the
resulting
survivors
of
predation
individuals)
than
in
in
the
the
grassy
rocky
environment
(at
environment
191
(at
140
Grassy
Rocky
Figure 2. Final
Environments.
Both
the
prey
survived
environments
in
the
contained
the
Grassy
and
Rocky
individuals
with
of
predation
in
the
grassy
environment,
the
green
preyed
upon
by
predators.
Unfortunately
for
the
red
individuals
caught
by
predators
followed
by
the
red
of
the
surviving
individuals
were
green,
36%
were
orange while 22% were red. Evidently, the red individuals were
least
favored
in
the
green
environment
since
only
22%
29%
40%
31%
Green
alleled
individuals
36%
Red
Normal
were
42%
22%
Green
Red
Normal
of
future
population
of
Macaronicus
noodlesia
is
DISCUSSION
It was expected that natural selection would favor the
organisms
their
that
blend
environment
polymorphic
trait
in
more
in
or
camouflage
than
focus
those
is
(Miller,
that
the
body
do
not
color.
1999)
since
with
the
Evolution
carrying
the
allele
it
evolved
or
preferably
the
preservation
of
favourable
variations
and
the
10
the
chances
of
predators
to
catch
each
variants
are
almost the same. This is so, because the body colors of each
variants (i.e., C, cR and CG) are contrasting with the open
environment.
survive
In
most
this
the
environment,
ill
effect
of
normal
individuals
predation,
thus
had
had
the
resulting
individuals
with
the
highest
fitness
assume
that
this
environment
was
the
original
11
could
be
compared
further
to
whether
or
not
they
are
the
new
environment.
The
difference
in
the
resulting
selective
factor
that
affected
the
individual
is
the
future
population
of
Macaronicus
noodlesia
12
the predator to catch each of the variant are almost the same
therefore in the coming future the three different variance
could
either
be
eradicated
or
could
live
together
(i.e.,
13
REFERENCES
Darwin, C. (1859). On the Origin of Species by Means of
Natural Selection. London: J. Murray.
Larson, S. (2014, September 15). Distribution of Animals.
Retrieved from BBC Science:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa
/organisms/distribution_of_organismsrev1.shtml
Miller, K. (1999, August 2). The Peppered Moth - An Update.
Retrieved from Brown University : Ken Miller's Evolution
Page:
http://www.millerandlevine.com/km/evol/Moths/moths.html
Racimo, F., Schraiber, J., Casey, F., & Huerta-Sanchez, E.
(2016). Directional Selection and Adaptation.
Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology, 444-452.
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-800049-6.00028-7
Smith, R. (1992). Elements of Ecology (3rd Edition ed.). New
York: Harper & Row.
Vold, T., & Buffett, D. (2008, February 13). Ecological
Conepts, Principles and Applications to Conservation.
Retrieved from Biodiversity BC:
http://www.biodiversitybc.org/assets/pressReleases/BBCPri
nciplesWEB.pdf