DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

FACULTY OF SCIENCE
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
SSCE 1793 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
1.

2.

3.

Solve the following homogeneous equations.

a. 2y 00 + 7y 0 4y = 0

b. 4y 00 4y 0 + y = 0

c. y 00 + y = 0

d. y 00 4y 0 + 7y = 0

Solve the given initial value problems.

a. y 00 + y 0 = 0;

y(0) = 2,

y 0 (0) = 1

b. y 00 4y 0 + 3y = 0;

y(0) = 1,

y 0 (0) = 1/3

c. w00 4w0 + 2w = 0;

w(0) = 0,

w0 (0) = 1

d. y 00 2y 0 + y = 0;

y(0) = 1,

y 0 (0) = 2

e. 2y 00 2y 0 + y = 0;

y(0) = 1,

y 0 (0) = 0

Solve the following boundary value problems.

a. y 00 10y 0 + 25y = 0;

y(0) = 1,

y(1) = 0

b. y + 4y = 0;

y(0) = 0,

y 0 () = 1

c. 2y 00 + y 0 6y = 0;

y(0) = 0,

y 0 (1) = 1

00

4.

Solve the following nonhomogeneous equations using the method of undetermined coefficients.
a. 2x0 + x = 3t2 + 10t

b. y00 y0 + 9y = 3 sin 3x

c. y00 + y0 + y = 2 cos 2x 3 sin 2x

d. 00 50 + 6 = rer

e. 00(t) (t) = t sin t

f. y00 2y0 + y = 8ex

g. y00 y = 11x + 1

h. y00 + 4y = sin 2 cos

i. y00 + 2y0 + 2y = e

j. y00 3y = x2 ex

cos

k. x00 4x0 + 4x = te2t

5.

l. y00 y = (5x + 1)e3x

Solve the following initial value problems using the method of undetermined coefficients.
a. y 0 y = 1;
00

y(0) = 1
z(0) = 0,

z 0 (0) = 0

c. y 00 + y 0 12y = ex + e2x 1;

y(0) = 1,

y 0 (0) = 3

d. y 00 y = sin e2 ;

y(0) = 1,

y 0 (0) = 1

b. z + z = 2e

6.

TUTORIAL 2

Determine the form of a particular solution to the differential equations.

a. y 00 y = e2x + xe2x + x2 e2x
b. y 00 + 5y 0 + 6y = sin x cos 2x
c. y 00 4y 0 + 5y = e5x + x sin 3x cos 3x
d. y 00 4y 0 + 4y = x2 e2x e2x
e. y 00 + y 0 6yy = e3x + x cos 3x sin 2x

7.

Solve the following nonhomogeneous equations using the method of variation of parameters.
a. y 00 + y = sec x

b. y 00 + y = cos2 x

c. y 00 y = cosh x

d. y 00 + y = sec x tan x
1
f. y 00 + 3y 0 + 2y =
1+
ex
ex
00
0
h. y 2y + y =
1 + x2
j. y 00 + y = 3 sec x x2 + 1

e. y 00 + 4y = 2 tan x ex
g. y 00 + 3y 0 + 2y = sin ex
i. y 00 + 2y 0 + y = ex ln 2x
k. 2y 00 2y 0 4y = 2e3t
8.

l. y 00 + 4y = csc2 2x

A vibrating string without damping can be modelled by the differential equation

my 00 + ky = 0.
a. If m = 10kg, k = 250kg/sec2 , y(0) = 0.3m and y 0 (0) = 0.1m/sec, find the equation of
motion for this system.
b. When the equation of motion is of the form displayed in (a), the motion is said to
be oscillatory with frequency /2. Find the frequency of the oscillation for the spring
system of part (a).

9.

A vibrating string with damping can be modelled by the differential equation

my 00 + by 0 + ky = 0.
a. If m = 10kg, k = 250kg/sec2 , b = 60kg/sec, y(0) = 0.3m and y 0 (0) = 0.1m/sec, find
the equation of motion for this system.
b. Find the frequency of the oscillation.
c. Compare the results of this problem to Question 8 and determine what effect the damping
has on the frequency of oscillation. What other effects does it have on the solution?

10.

The motion of a certain mass-spring system with damping is governed by

y00(t) + 6y0(t) + 16y(t) = 0
y(0) = 1,

y0(0) = 0.

Find the equation of motion.

11.

Determine the equation of motion for an undamped system at resonance governed by

d2 y
+ 9y = 2 cos 3t
dt2
y(0) = 1, y0(0) = 0.
Sketch the solution.

12.

An undamped system is governed by

m

where 6= =
13.

k
m.

d2 y
+ ky = F0 cos t;
dt2
y(0) = y0(0) = 0.

Find the equation of motion of the system.

Consider the vibrations of a mass-spring system when a periodic force is applied. The system
is governed by the differential equation
mx00 + bx0 + kx = F0 cos t
where F0 and are nonnegative constants, and 0 < b2 < 4mk.

a. Show that the general solution to the corresponding homogeneous equation is

!

4mk b2
(b/m)t
xh (t) = Ae
sin
t+ .
2m
b. Show that the general solution to the nonhomogeneous problem is given by
!

4mk b2
F0
(b/m)t
x(t) = Ae
sin
t+ + p
sin(t + ).
2m
(k m 2 )2 + b2 2

14.

RLC Series Circuit. In the study of an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor, capacitor,
inductor, and an electromotive force, we are led to an initial value problem of the form
q
dI
+ RI +
= E(t)
dt
C
q(0) = q0 , I(0) = I0 .

(1)

where L is the inductance in henrys, R is the resistance in ohms, C is the capacitance in

farads, E(t) is the electromotive force in volts, q(t) is the charge in coulombs on the capacitor
dq
is the current in amperes.
at time t, and I =
dt
Find the current at time t if the charge on the capacitor is initially zero, the initial current is
0, L = 10henrys, R = 20ohms, C = 62601 farads and E(t) = 100volts.
Hint: Differentiate both sides of the differential equation to obtain a homogeneous linear
second order equation for I(t). Then use equation (1) to determine dI
dt at t = 0.
15.

An RLC series circuit has an elctromotive force given by E(t) = sin 100t volts, a resistor of
0.02 ohms, an inductor of 0.001 henrys, and a capacitor of 2 farads. If the initial current and
the initial charge on the capacitor are both zero, determine the current in the circuit for t > 0.

SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL 2

1. a. y = c1 ex/2 + c2 e4x .

b. y = (c1 + c2 x)ex/2 .

d. y = e2x (c1 cos 2 3x + c2 sin 2 3x).

c. y = c1 cos x + c2 sin x.

2. a. y = 3 ex .


1 
c. y = e(2+ 2)x e(2 2)x .
2 2
x
x
e. y = ex/2 (sin cos ).
2
2

4 x 1 3x
e e .
3
3
d. y = (1 3x)ex .
b. y =

1
3. a. y = e5x xe5x .
b. y = sin 2x.
2
e2x e3x
2 3x/2 2 2x
c. y = 3/2
.
d.
y
=
e
e
.
7
7
3e
+ 2e2
t
t
4. a. y = c1 cos + c2 sin + 3t2 + 10t 12.
2
2
!

35
35
x/2
x + c2 sin
x + cos 3x.
b. y = e
c1 cos
2
2

!
3
3
x/2
x + c2 sin
x + sin 2x.
c. y = e
c1 cos
2
2
3
1
d. = c1 e2r + c2 e3r + er + rer .
4
2
1
1
t
t
e. = c1 e + c2 e t sin t t cos t.
2
2
f. y = (c1 + c2 x)ex + 4x2 ex .
g. y = c1 ex + c2 ex + 11x 1.
1
1
h. y = c1 cos 2 + c2 sin 2 cos 2 cos .
4
3
i. y = e (c1 cos + c2 sin ) + e cos .

j. y = c1 e

3x

+ c2 e

3x

1
2 1
x2 + ex .
3
5 2

1
k. y = (c1 + c2 t)e2t + t3 e2t .
6


5
11 3x
x
x
l. y = c1 e + c2 e +
x
e .
8
32
5. a. y = ex 1.
1 4x 7 3x
1
1
1
c. y =
e
+ e ex e2x + .
60
6
10
6
12

b. y = cos x + sin x + ex .
7 3 1
1
d. y =
e + e sin e2 .
12
4
2
3

6. a. yp = (Ax2 + Bx + C)e2x
b. yp = A cos x + B sin x + C cos 2x + D sin 2x.
c. yp = Ae5x + (Bx + C)(D cos 3x + E sin 3x).
d. yp = x2 (Ax2 + Bx + C)e2x .
e. yp = Axe3x + (Bx + C)(D sin 3x + E cos 3x) + F sin 2x + G cos 2x.

5
7. a. y = c1 cos x + c2 sin x + x sin x + cos x ln | cos x|.
1 1
b. y = c1 cos x + c2 sin x + cos 2x.
2 6
1
1
c. y = c1 ex + c2 ex + xex xex .
4
4
d. y = c1 cos x + c2 sin x + x cos x + sin x ln | sec x|.
ex
1
cos 2x ln | sec 2x + tan 2x|.
5
2
f. y = c1 ex + c2 e2x + (ex + e2x ) ln(1 + ex ).

e. y = c1 cos 2x + c2 sin 2x

g. y = c1 e2x + c2 ex e2x sin e2x .

1
h. y = c1 ex + c2 xex [ex ln(x2 + 1) + xex tan1 x].
2
1
3
x
x
i. y = c1 e + c2 xe + x2 ex ln 2x x2 ex .
2
4
j. y = c1 cos x + c2 sin x x2 + 3 + 3x sin x + 3 cos x ln | cos x|.
1
k. y = c1 e2t + c2 et + e3t .
4
1
l. y = c1 cos 2x + c2 sin 2x + (cos 2x ln | csc 2x + cot 2x| 1).
4
8. a. y = 0.3 cos 5t 0.02 sin 5t.

b. 0.8Hz

9. a. y = e3t (0.3 cos 4t + 0.2 sin 4t).

b. 5/2.
c. Exponential factor (damping factor)



3
10. y = e3x cos 7x + sin 7x .
7
1
11. y = cos 3t + t sin t.
2
F0
F0
12. y =
cos t +
sin t.
m( 2 2 )
m( 2 2 )
2 t
e sin 25t.
5


105
95
20
95
cos 20t
sin 20t
cos 100t +
sin 100t.
15. I = e10t
9.425
18.85
9.425
9.425
14. I =