Académique Documents
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CHANGING PALEOENVIRONMENT
J. OTTO R. HERMELIN
Department of Geology
University of Stockholm
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
THE ONTONG-JAVA PLATEAU AREA
PREVIOUS WORK.
WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC
ONTONG-JAvA PLATEAU
MATERIAL AND METHODS
MATERIAL...
METHODS
CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS
BATHYMETRIC ZONATION....
AGE MODEL FOR DSDP 586A
PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA
NANNOFOSSILS
SEDIMENTATION RATES
SIZE FRACTION ANALYSIS
THE PLIOCENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA
ABUNDANCE
DIVERSITY
COMPOSITION
RESULTS OF THE CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS
THE "MOST COMMON SPECIES" ANALYSIS
THE "WATER MASS DEPENDENT SPECIES" ANALYSIS
BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA AS WATER MASS INDICATORS
WORLD OCEAN
ONTONG-JAvA PLATEAU AREA
DISCUSSION
THE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH WATER MASSES
CHANGES IN THE FAUNAL COMPOSITION: RESPONSES TO PALEOCLIMATIC AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC CHANGES
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
TAXONOMIC NOTES ON SELECTED SPECIES
REFERENCES
APPENDIX 1
PLATES
12
12
12
12
13
13
16
19
19
19
19
19
22
22
22
23
27
27
29
89
100
110
J. OTTO R.
HERMELIN
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
Guam
(\",
()
Fiji
<fJQ
~
30 Australia
~~
9
New.~aland
\'-j
150
180
PREVIOUS WORK
1
SW
Site 586
NE
o~-~~---------~~-----~-------------------~-------~-----~-
1000
2000
3000
PIW
4000
......... ,., ....... .
5000
FIGURE 2. Schematic southwest/northeast transect over the Ontong-Java Plateau showing the general stratification of the subsurface water
masses in the area. PIW Pacific Intermediate Water. PDW = Pacific Deep Water, PBW = Pacific Bottom Water.
HERMELIN
-- E
- -<m
.s::.
c.
::E
Q)
Q)
.s::.
PERCENT
(.)
c.
w
63-125 11m
0
10
COARSE
125-250 11m
20
10
20
FRACTION
250-500 11m
10
20
>500 11m
30
10
40
2.0
.2
.4
50
.6
UJ
60
.8
Z~
70
3.0
<
W
.2
...J
80
.4
U
90
.6
.8
0>
100
...J
4.0
110
a::
.2
...J<
120
.4
UJ
.6
a.
130
.8
140
FIGURE 3.
Plots of sediment coarse fraction percentages in Hole 586A. The ages are derived from Figure 6.
HERMELIN
-- -
.r:.
E
.r:.
Q.
4)
40
nl
::E
<
PERCENT
4)
C)
COARSE
FRACTION
Q.
C U M U l
0
20
40
60
80
100
2.0
.2
50
.4
.6
60
70
.8
Zl
3.0
et
W
.2
...J
80
.4
()
90
.6
.8
0>
100
...J
4.0
110
a:
.2
...let
120
.4
.6
a.
130
.8
140
FIGURE 4. Plot or cumula ti ve sediment coa rse frac ti on percentages in Hole 586A. The unshaded pan represents the <63 micron size
fraction and the shadin g corresponds to that in Figure 3. The ages are deri ved from Figu re 6.
10
TABLE I.
Core
Core
Section
2
3
4
5
6
2
2
3
5
6
3
2
3
4
5
6
7
4
2
3
4
5
6
5
2
3
4
5
6
7
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
Interval
Depth
(em)
(m)
Weight
(gram)
1-2
100-101
50-51
149-150
100-101
50-51
149-150
100-101
50-51
149-150
50-51
0-1
50-51
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-tOl
0-1
100-101
50-51
1-2
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
50-51
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-101
0-1
100-101
50-51
1-2
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
50-51
0-1
100-101
50-5\
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-101
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
39.31
40.30
41.30
42.29
43.30
44.30
45.29
46.30
47.30
48.29
49.40
50.40
52.40
54.40
55.40
56.40
57.40
58.50
59.50
60.50
61.51
62.50
36.50
64.50
65.50
66.50
67.50
68.60
69.60
70.60
71.60
72.60
73.60
74.60
75.60
76.60
77.70
78.70
79.70
80.71
81.71
82.70
83.70
84.70
85.70
86.70
87.80
88.80
89.80
90.80
91.80
92.80
93.80
94.80
95.80
96.90
97.90
98.90
99.90
100.90
101.90
102.90
2.6046
0.9061
1.0776
0.7127
LI775
I.I 154
1.3782
0.9506
0.7392
0.9209
1.8363
1.7184
1.8394
1.3482
1.6568
1.8912
2.0860
1.9198
1.8535
2.1091
1.5096
1.6894
1.9337
2.0173
1.4829
1.4865
1.9251
3.4206
1.6744
1.9042
1.2808
1.6517
2.0716
1.8699
1.2798
1.3530
1.2770
1.2862
1.4538
1.2556
1.7587
1.1614
1.7944
1.9496
1.4696
1.6797
1.9912
I. 9543
1.6787
2.4559
2.0738
1.3270
1.6128
1.3900
1.6985
1.8656
1.4749
1.7814
1.7125
2.0111
2.1594
1.5362
147
177
202
129
178
122
153
187
182
341
118
33
116
139
222
167
154
139
163
310
160
196
134
128
146
166
227
241
218
289
106
199
351
210
212
145
159
166
200
94
125
129
168
116
129
247
188
210
149
317
222
193
217
203
178
197
196
172
282
227
288
161
56.4
193.3
187.4
181.0
151.2
109.4
111.0
196.7
246.2
370.3
64.2
19.2
63.1
103.1
134.0
88.3
73.8
72.4
87.9
147.0
106.0
116.0
69.3
63.4
98.4
111.7
117.9
70.4
130.2
151.8
82.8
120.5
169.4
112.3
165.8
107.2
124.5
129.1
137.5
74.9
71.1
111.1
93.6
59.5
87.8
147.1
94.4
107.4
88.7
129.1
107.0
145.4
134.5
146.0
104.8
105.6
132.9
96.5
164.7
112.9
133.4
104.8
Continued.
Section
6
7
I
2
3
4
5
6
9
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
2
3
4
5
6
II
2
3
4
5
Interval
Depth
Weight
(em)
(m)
(gram)
100-101
50-51
0-1
50-51
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-tOl
50-51
0-1
100-101
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
tOO-101
50-51
0-1
50-51
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-101
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-101
50-51
0-1
100-101
103.90
104.90
105.90
107.00
108.00
109.00
110.00
111.00
112.00
113.00
114.00
115.00
116.10
117.10
118.10
119.10
120.10
121.10
122.10
123.10
124.10
125.20
126.20
127.20
128.20
129.20
130.20
131.20
132.20
133.20
134.20
135.30
136.30
137.30
138.30
139.30
140.30
141.30
142.30
1.8854
1.8161
2.2767
2.0033
1.8667
1.6623
1.7403
1.4885
1.5553
1.7315
1.9587
2.0157
1.6521
1.8690
2.2437
2.0842
1.4979
1.1745
1.8094
1.4940
1.0971
2.0494
1.5840
1.0335
1.2707
1.0794
2.0439
1.4083
1.8183
1.9476
2.0330
1.8902
1.8841
2.2143
2.3439
1.6430
2.3735
2.6462
1.7707
Number of specimens
227
198
275
132
240
95
218
168
167
196
173
280
155
295
131
117
237
143
74
118
92
181
131
76
62
58
60
39
95
134
82
100
76
98
115
73
133
208
75
109.0
120.8
65.9
128.6
57.1
125.3
112.9
107.4
113.2
88.3
138.9
93.8
157.8
58.4
56.1
158.2
121.7
40.9
79.0
83.9
88.3
82.7
73.5
48.8
53.7
29.3
27.7
52.2
68.8
40.3
52.9
40.3
44.2
49.1
44.4
56.0
78.6
42.3
11
HERMELIN
NANNOFOSSILS
WATER
DEPTH
~
Om
150m
BATHYMETRIC
SUBDIVISION
NERITIC
ZONE
UPPER
SOOm
UPPER
3:
0
0
r
III
r- lS00m
ll:J
:ta
-t
LOWER
:x:
SEDIMENTATION RATES
:ta
r
2000m
1\.1
0
~
III
LOWER
4000m
ABYSSAL
ZONE
~
5. General bathymetric zonation used in this paper. All
text references to depth limits and preferred habitats for different
species have been recalculated to conform with this zonation.
FIGURE
1.89
2.07
2.35-2.40
2.90
2.90
3. 10
3.56
3.80
3.90
4.60
Species
Discoaster brouweri
Discoaster triradiatus
Discoaster pentaradiatus
Globoquadrina altispira
Globigerinoides fistulosus
Globorotalia tosaensis
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica
Pulleniatina primalis
Pulleniatina spectabilis
Ceratolithus acutus/C. rugosus
below 40.05 m
above 43 .05 m
54.40 m
64 .50-65 .50 m
66.50-6 7. 50 m
74.60 m
87.80 m
95 .80-96.90 m
102.90-103.90 m
129.10-130.20 m
Event
LAD
Acme
LAD
LAD
FAD
FAD
LAD
S~D
LAD
Trans.
FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA
ABUNDANCE
HERMELIN
Age (Ma)
2.0
40
4.0
3.0
LAD
5.0
Discoaster brouweri
LO Acme
LAD
50
Discoaster
triradiatus
Discoaster pentaradiatus
60
Globoquadrina altispira
Globigerinoides fistulosus
70
FAD
Globorotalia tosaensis
80
--
Q.
LAD Reticulofenestra
pseudoumbilica
90
G)
Pulleniatina spectabilis
110
120
130
140
FIGURE 6.
14
Age/depth relationships of planktonic foraminiferal and nannofossil datums in Hole 586A. For abbreviations see Table 2.
-- .... E
C'CI
.c
::::E
a.
II)
.c
0
I I)
0)
a.
<C
SPECIMENS/g SEDIMENT
NUMBER OF SPECIES
100
200
3?0
400
25
50
15
40
2.0
.2
50
60
70
.4
W
.6
.8
Z ....
3.0
<
W
.2
..oJ
80
.4
0
90
.6
.8
0>
100
..oJ
4.0
110
IX:
.2
..J<
120
.4
w
.6
130
Il.
.8
FIGURE 7. Calculated total number of benthic foraminifers per total gram dry sediment and the diversity (number of species) plotted versus
depth and time in Hole 586A.
15
HERMELIN
80
60
40
..
en
Q)
20
CJ
c.
....o
. ...
.. .
.. .
. ...
, ..
Q)
en
J . . . #
,
.
.
o~------~------~--------~------~------~--------~------~------~
100
300
200
...
Q)
.c
40
,.
20
....
. ......
....
.....
r w ...
...
o+-------~--------~------~--------~------~--------~------~------~
200
100
300
Number of specimens
FIGURE 8. Scatter diagram of the number of species versus the number of specimens for all samples. A. All species. B. Species that are
represented by two or more specimens.
16
--.... -E
to
.c
:E
.c
Q.
CD
CD
c:t
en
CJ
Q.
C. wuellerstorfi
E. exigua
40
N. umbonifera
G. subglobosa
10
10
2.0
.2
50
.4
.6
60
70
.8
zl-
3.0
.2
80
.4
(J
90
.6
.8
0>
100
..J
4.0
110
a:
.2
...IcC
120
.4
.6
130
.8
140
9. Relative abundance curves for Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, Epistominella exigua. Globocassidulina subglobosa. and Nuttallides
umboni/era. Note the different percentage scale for NUltallides umboni/era. The ages are derived from Figure 6.
FIGURE
17
HERMELIN
-- -E
.s::.
....Q.
CI)
CII
:I
.s::.
CI)
C)
(.)
Q.
w O. umbonatus
U. auberiana
P. bulloides
U. peregrina
~ __~5~__1~0____1~~__~20
10
20
50
40
2.0
.2
50
.4
.6
60
.8
70
zl
3.0
.2
w
....I
80
.4
()
90
.6
.8
0>
100
....I
4.0
110
a:
.2
...Ie
120
.4
.6
130
Q.
.8
140
FIGURE 10. Relative abundance curves for Oridorsalis umbonatus, Pullenia bulloides, Uvigerina peregrina, and Uvigerina auberiana. Note
the different percentage scale for Uvigerina auberiana. The ages are derived from Figure 6.
18
ANALYSIS
SPECIES" ANALYSIS
MASS INDICATORS
WORLD OCEAN
HERMELIN
TABLE 4. Factor loadings of the first five factors with the percentage of the total variance explained for the 28 species included in the
correspondence analysis. These 28 species are included in the "most common species" analysis.
Variance C'xplained
Cumulative percentage
I
18.28
18,28
2
12.46
30,74
3
8,08
38,82
0,079
0.203
0.074
-0.304
0.138
-0.068
0.008
0.267
0.628
0.072
-0.352
-0.093
0.Q31
0.108
0.262
- 1.011
0.172
0.332
-0.046
0.048
-0.224
0.268
0.247
0.039
0.058
-0.304
-0.040
1.185
-0.244
0.077
-0.113
-0.Q38
0.249
-0.100
0.028
0.039
0.528
-0.025
0.112
-0.060
0.100
0.142
0.040
0.629
0.087
0.029
0.066
0.002
0.001
0.254
-0,334
-0.046
-0.043
0.058
-0.243
1.085
0.127
0.329
0.406
0.338
0.343
-0.161
0.158
-0.213
0.000
0.073
0.012
-0.004
0.291
0.319
-0.126
-0.160
0.128
-0.Q38
0.070
0.005
0.086
-0.339
0.016
-0.004
0.015
0.238
-0.171
-0.527
7,69
46,51
5
5.46
51.97
Species
----
Anomalinoides globulosus
Astrononion novozealandieum
Blilimina fruneana
Cibieides mundulus
Cibicidoides bradyi
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi
Eggeref/a bradyi
EpislOminella exigua
Fissurina sp. 26
Globoeassiduli na sUbglobosa
Gyroidina neosoldanii
GyroidinOldes alt(formis
Laticarinina halopllOra
lvlc/onis bar/eeanum
Me/onis pompilio ides
NUllalfides umbonifera
Oridorsalis umbonatus
Pullenia bulloides
Pu/lenia quinqueloba
Pullenia sp. I
Pullenia sp. 3
Pvrgo murrhina
Pyrgo sp, I
Sigmoilina edwardsi
Siphonodosaria abyssorum
S"phaeroidina bulloides
Ul'igerina auberiana
Urigerina peregrma
0,114
-0.329
-0.069
0.278
1,048
0.202
-0.Ql5
-0.419
0.326
0.237
-0.017
0.192
0.405
~0.245
-0.110
-0.087
0.020
-0.109
-0.242
-0.039
-0,128
-00031
-0.134
-0.041
-0.429
-0.028
0.001
0.151
0.075
0.050
0.765
-0.145
0.181
0.028
-0,190
-0,116
0.392
-0.241
0.403
0.001
-0.119
-0.214
-0.363
0.048
0.007
0.153
0.253
-0.046
0.135
0.329
0.430
-0,123
0.400
-0.210
-0.003
0.028
TABLE 5. Factor loadings of the first five factors with the percentage of the total variance explained for the seven species included in the
"water mass dependent species" correspondence analysis.
42.45
42.45
2
22,77
65,22
-0.006
0.241
0.134
-0.924
0.188
0.390
0.961
-0.270
-0.303
-0.300
0.322
-0.116
-0.123
1.091
Variance explained
Cumulative percentage
4
8.98
85,79
5
7.61
93.40
0.310
0.446
-0.212
-0.012
-0.260
-0.056
0.134
-0.094
-0.038
0.124
0.048
-0.184
0.633
-0.056
Species
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi
Epistominella exiglla
Globocassidulina subglobosa
Nuttallides IImbonifera
Oridorsalis umbonatus
Pullenia bulloides
Uvigerina peregrina
20
-0.310
0.809
-0.278
0.051
0.107
0.073
-0.106
1.0
0.8
0.6
Nuttsllides umbonifers
.G
a::
0.4
c(
LL
0.2
~
()
.0
M.
.0
0.0
.E
.,
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi
()
K.
J.
F. N
.P
"B
Oridorsslis
umbonstus
Epislominells exigus
L" Pul/enis bulloidss
)O/Obocsssidulins subg1oboss
R S
.C
(/) - 0.2
.0
-0.4
-0.6
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
FIRST
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
FACTOR
II. Plot of the first two factors showing the distribution of the 28 most common species used in the "most common species"
analysis. The benthic foraminiferal species are abbreviated as follows: A
Anomalinoides globulosus; B = Astrononion novo::ealandicum;
C = Bulimina rruncana; D = Cibicidoides bradyi; E = Cibicides mundulus; F = Eggerella brady;; G = Fissurina sp. 26; H = Gyroidina
neosoldanii; I = Gyroidinoides altiformis; J = Laticarinina halophora; K = Alelonis barleeanum; L = Metonis pompilioides; M = Pullenia
quinquetoba; N = Pullenia sp. I; 0 = Pullenia sp. 3; P = Pyrgo murrhina; Q = Pyrgo sp. I: R = Sigmoilina edwardsi; S = Siphonodosaria
abyssorum; T = Sphaeroidina bulloides; U = Uvigerina auberiana.
FIGURE
HERMELIN
Uvigerina peregrina.
1.0
0.8
0.6
a:
0.4
0
tO
Nutta/lides umbonifera
c(
....
0.2
Z
0
0
0.0
Oridorslliis umbonatus.
Pullenia bulloides
(/) -0.2
G/obocassidulina subglobosa
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi.
Epistominella exigua
-0.4
-0.6,
,
-1.2
-1.0
,
-0.8
-0.6
,
-0.4
,
-0.2
FIRST
FIGURE
12.
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
FACTOR
Plot of the first two factors showing the distribution of the seven species used in the "water mass dependent species" analysis.
DISCUSSION
8),
o
1.0
0.8
0.6
a:
ot
OA
e80
e81
<
LL
0.2
c
z
0.0
e18
e7884
36
e-e45
e74
e79
e69
83e 91
75
e e68 e70
e72e73
e
e86
82
e71
e25 e20
e16
e88
(/J - 0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
0.2
FIRST
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
FACTOR
FIGURE 13. Plot of the first two factors showing the distribution of samples. Numbers refer to stations as coded in Table 6. Open circles
represent the species plotted in Figure 12.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC CHANGES
HERMELIN
-- .... E
.c
Q.
CI)
40
ra
:!
.c
Assemblage
(J
CI)
0)
50
100
100
50
Q.
<C
Uvigerina peregrina I
Uvigerina
A
50
;
50
50
100
50
Nuttallides umbonifera
I 5
2.0
.2
50
.4
.6
60
70
........
....
~~
LIJ
.8
Zt
3.0
.::::::::
<C
.2
....I
80
.4
()
90
.6
.8
0>
100
....I
4.0
110
a:
.2
..J<C
120
.4
LIJ
.6
130
Q.
.8
140
FIGURE 14. Plot of the trend in the benthic foraminiferal assemblages through time. Correspondence analysis of the "water mass dependent
species" shows that the relative contribution ofthe three assemblages varies through time. The horizontal axis represents the relative contribution
(in percent) of the three assemblages. At each time-slice the fauna consists of various percentages of two of the three assemblages. The solid
curve represents the faunal trend (percent of the various assemblages). The dotted line is a replica of the extreme left part of the solid curve.
24
- - - - . - - - - - _..
__
..
HERMELIN
6. Factor loadings of the first five factors with the percentage of the total variance explained for 101 analyzed samples from DSDP
Hole 586A.
TABLE
Depth incore(m)
39.31
40.30
41.30
42,29
43.30
44.30
45.29
46.30
47.30
48.29
49.40
50.40
52.40
54.40
55.40
56.40
57.40
58.50
59.50
60.50
61.51
62.50
63.50
64.50
65.50
66.50
67.50
68.60
69.60
70.60
71.60
72.60
73.60
74.60
75.60
76.60
77.70
78.70
79.70
80.71
81.71
82.70
83.70
84.70
85.70
86.70
87.80
88.80
89.80
90.80
91.80
92.80
93.80
94.80
95.80
96.90
97.90
98.90
99.90
100.90
101.90
26
7.6l
42.45
42.45
Variance explained
Cumulative percentage
93.40
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
0.853
0.374
0.327
0.353
0.288
0.329
0.350
0.380
0.373
0.487
0.543
0.727
0.874
0.475
0.776
0.295
0.594
0.446
0.725
0.402
0.162
0.385
0.540
0.518
0.267
0.523
0.711
0.624
0.380
0.136
0.316
0.308
0.688
0.730
0.296
0.377
0.173
-0.049
0.306
0.229
-0.070
0.314
-0.012
-0.056
0.388
0.399
0.388
0.246
0.108
-0.045
0.146
0.246
0.010
0.047
0.096
0.045
0.250
-0.050
0.101
0.119
-0.030
0.631
-0.509
-0.562
-0.515
-0.538
-0.532
-0.579
-0.357
-0.499
-0.162
-0.010
0.520
0.864
0.098
0.627
0.179
0.394
0.403
0.364
0.222
0.367
-0.044
0.158
0.490
0.240
0.289
0.717
0.595
0.058
-0.151
-0.283
-0.384
0.398
0.761
0.005
0.330
-0.495
-0.295
-0.421
-0.471
-0.130
-0.586
-0.309
-0.254
0.310
0.037
0.095
-0.167
-0.346
-0.140
-0.442
-0.580
-0.347
-0.218
-0.463
-0.446
-0.435
-0.406
0.073
-0.444
-0.323
-0.494
0.086
-0.216
0.225
0.139
-0.378
0.640
-0.060
0.462
0.412
-0.144
-0.293
0.236
0.174
0.248
0.158
-0.106
0.074
0.032
0.162
-0.093
0.715
-0.110
-0.367
-0.088
0.020
0.218
-0.040
0.151
0.121
-0.090
0.225
-0.011
-0.215
0.092
-0.196
-0.453
0.591
0.741
0.152
0.308
0.418
-0.006
-0.140
-0.293
-0.266
-0.183
0.155
-0.098
-0.162
-0.197
0.016
-0.464
-0.170
-0.448
-0.341
0.918
0.031
-0.164
-0.273
0.064
0.548
-0.045
-0.001
-0.079
0.114
-0.203
0.315
0.026
-0.112
0.011
0.081
-0.092
0.453
-0.334
0.264
-0.003
-0.281
0.163
-0.329
-0.274
-0.263
-0.195
-0.087
0.159
-0.116
-0.003
0.001
-0.199
-0.385
-0.165
-0.251
-0.340
-0.134
0.022
-0.400
-0.Q38
-0.467
0.124
0.157
0.427
-0.409
0.542
-0.088
-0.078
-0.043
0.048
0.049
-0.342
0.081
0.020
0.036
0.445
0.181
-0.340
-0.256
-0.158
0.267
0.406
0.011
-0.185
-0.141
0.575
0.419
0.440
0.110
-0.190
0.457
-0.007
0.045
-0.007
-0.176
0.037
-0.441
-0.057
0.213
-0.046
0.314
0.270
0.060
-0.140
-0.099
-0.173
-0.281
0.087
-0.089
0.175
0.117
0.004
0.057
0.157
0.387
0.228
0.302
-0.040
0.170
-0.127
-0.221
0.329
-0.079
0.346
0.294
0.155
0.051
0.099
-0.155
-0.405
-0.217
-0.130
-0.357
0.580
0.402
0.219
-0.164
-0.343
-0.212
0.055
0.062
0.078
-0.217
-0.335
-0.117
-0.220
6.
Continued.
Sample projections
42.45
42.45
2
22.77
65.22
3
11.59
76.81
4
8.98
85.79
5
7.61
93.40
0.131
-0.002
-0.316
-0.051
-0.203
-0.122
-0.792
-0.858
-0.714
-0.566
-0.552
-0.482
-0.736
-0.643
-0.465
-0.139
-1.165
-0.453
-1.058
-1.073
-0.669
-0.890
-1.064
-0.390
-0.596
-0.357
-0.308
-0.574
-0.203
-0.855
-0.494
-0.193
0.253
0.026
0.126
-0.056
-0.235
-0.080
-0.161
0.083
-0.484
-0.233
-0.153
-0.319
-0.202
-0.190
0.145
0.233
0.147
0.030
0.159
0.136
0.269
0.202
0.655
0.401
0.391
0.254
0.323
0.265
0.093
0.208
0.353
-0.115
0.084
-0.087
-0.018
-0.121
-0.134
0.177
-0.108
-0.272
-0.545
-0.640
-0.533
-0.441
-0.239
-0.425
-0.306
-0.521
0.139
0.329
0.113
-0.167
-0.188
-0.181
-0.143
-0.033
-0.034
0.161
0.083
-0.052
0.052
0.276
-0.219
-0.265
0.134
-0.011
0.077
-0.242
0.110
0.202
0.093
-0.271
-0.063
-0.127
0.096
-0.497
0.477
0.180
0.095
0.156
-0.254
-0.745
-0.366
0.252
-0.120
-0.031
-0.011
-0.360
0.189
-0.457
0.055
-0.097
-0.092
-0.086
-0.046
-0.219
-0.073
-0.031
-0.193
-0.251
-0.063
-0.034
0.231
0.278
0.137
-0.016
0.206
0.339
-0.148
0.116
0.020
-0.095
-0.398
-0.030
-0.507
0.195
-0.157
0.091
0.121
0.464
0.020
0.445
0.142
0.743
0.106
0.454
0.150
0.159
-0.047
-0.377
-0.076
-0.231
-0.250
-0.357
-0.121
-0.010
-0.176
-0.087
0.048
0.064
0.349
-0.040
-0.011
0.036
0.190
0.169
0.174
-0.056
-0.108
-0.044
0.193
0.109
0.142
-0.189
-0.089
-0.052
-0.441
-0.018
-0.042
-0.109
-0.129
-0.089
0.281
0.038
-0.043
-0.308
-0.314
-0.355
Variance explained
Cumulative percentage
Depth in core (m)
102.90
103.90
104.90
105.90
107.00
108.00
109.00
110.00
111.00
112.00
113.00
114.00
115.00
116.10
117.10
118.10
119.10
120.10
121.10
122.10
123.10
124.10
125.20
126.20
127.20
128.20
129.20
130.20
131.20
132.20
133.20
134.20
135.30
136.30
137.30
138.30
139.30
140.30
141.30
142.30
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
HERMELIN
7. Benthic foraminifera reported to be associated with different subsurface water masses in different oceans. Species names in bold
represent dominant species. (Modified after Douglas and Woodruff, 1981.)
TABLE
Indian Ocean
Corliss, 1979
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Streeter, 1973
Schnitker, 1974
Lohmann, 1980
Streeter and Shackleton, 1979
Cu1p, 1977
Walch, 1978
Burke, 1981
IW
Uvigerina
Hoeglundina elegans
Ehrenbergina
PIW
Uvigerina
Hoeglundina elegans
Gyroidina
Ehrenbergina
NADW
> 500-2,000 m
Epistominella exigua
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi
Cibicidoides kullenbergi
Globocassidulina subglobosa
POW
>2,500 m
Epistominella exigua
Pullenia
Melonis
Favocassidulina
Nuttallides umbonifera
AABW
>4,000 m
Nuttallides umbonifera
Oridorsalis urnbonatus
PBW
>3,500 m
Nuttallides umbonifera
Epistominella exigua
Pullenia bulloides
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi
>2,500 m
Epistorninella exigua
Uvigerina
TABLE 8.
Benthic foraminifera associated with different subsurface water masses in the Ontong-lava Plateau area (compiled and modified
after faunal data from Cuip (1977) and Burke (1981 .
mass
28
P1W (1,500-2,500 m)
Uvigerina peregrina
POW (2,500-3,500 m)
Pullenia bulloides
Nuttallides urnbonifera
Astrononion novozealandicurn
Cibicidoides pseudoungarianus
Oridorsalis umbonatus
Pullenia bulloides
Epistominella exigua
Globocassidulina subglobosa
Oridorsalis urnbonatus
Epistorninella exigua
Pullenia bulloides
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi
SELECTED SPECIES
1896
PI. I, Fig. I
1927a
HER MELIN
PI. I, Figs. 2, 5
PI. 1, Figs. 3, 6
PI. 1, Fig. 4
PI. 1, Figs. 7, 10
HERMELIN
? Cystammina sp. I
PI. I, Figs. 8, 11
1927a
HERMELIN
PI. 1, Figs. 9, 12
PI. 2, Fig. 3
(part), p. 394, pI. 48, figs. 3-4, 6-8 (not 1-2, 5, 9-13).-CUSH
MAN, 1911, p. 72, text-figs. 115-117.-CUSHMAN, 1921, p.
154, pI. 31, fig. I.-CUSHMAN, 1932a, p. 16, pI. 4, figs. 3a-b.
Verneuilina communis (d'Orbigny).-]ONES and PARKER, 1860,
p.303.
Martinottiella communis (d'Orbigny).-CUSHMAN, 1933a, p. 37,
pI. 4, figs. 6-8.-CUSHMAN, 1933d,p. 122, pI. 12, fig. 11.
ASANO, 1950, p. 3, figs. 16-17.-BARKER, 1960, p. 98, I. 48,
figs. 3-4, 6-8.-INGLE and others, 1980, p. 140, pI. 4, fig. 14
15.-KELLER, 1980, pI. I, fig. 12.-THOMPSON, 1980, pI.
8, fig. 9.-COLE, 1981, p. 45-46, pI. 17, fig. 24.-KOHL, 1985,
p. 33, pI. 4, fig. 2.-BOERSMA, 1986, pI. 3, fig. 5.
Listerella communis (d'Orbigny).-CUSHMAN, 1937b, p. 148, pI.
17, figs. 4-9.
Schenckiella communis (d'Orbigny).- THALMANN, 1942, p. 463.
LEROY, 1964, p. 19, pI. I, fig. 17.
Martinottiella occidentalis (Cushman).-LEROY and LEVINSON
1974, p. 6, pl. I, fig. 18 (not Clavulina occidentalis Cushman'
I 922a).
'
Martinotiella communis (d'Orbigny) [sicl.-BOERSMA, 1984b, pI.
I, figs. 2-3.
PI. 2, Fig. 7
WESTERN PACIFIC
Spiroloculina sp. 1
PI. 2, Fig. 8
PLIOCE~E
BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA
1917a
PI. 2, Figs. 4, 9
PI. 2, Fig. 10
1870
35
HERMELIN
36
PI. 2, Fig. 16
pyrgo sp. 1
pyrgo sp. 2
PI. 3, Fig. 3
37
HERMELIN
p. 45-46, pI. II, figs. 9a--c.-RESIG, 1981, pI. 5, fig. 10.
KURIHARA and KENNETT, 1986, pI. I, figs. 16-17.
PI. 3, Fig. 8
16, figs. 5-9, mod. no. 93.-CUSHMAN, 1917a, p. 65, pI. 25,
figs. 3a-b.-CUSHMAN, 1932a, p. 56-57, pI. 13, figs. la-b.
CUSHMAN and others, 1954, p. 340, pI. 85, fig. 18.-BARK
ER, 1960, p. 6, pI. 3, figs. 15-16.-AKERS and DORMAN,
1964, p. 57, pI. 3, figs. 19-20. - LEROY, 1964, p. 20-21, pI.
16, figs. 30-3 I.-BOCK, 1971, p. 28-29, pI. 12, figs. 3-4.
SCHNITKER, 1971, p. 212, pI. 3, figs. I la-b.
J1iliolina trigonula (Lamarck). - WILLIAMSON, 1858, p. 83, pI. 7,
figs. 180-182.-BRADY, 1884 (part), p. 164, pI. 3, figs. 15-16
(not 14).
HERMELlN
Bermudez
40
PI. 4, Fig. 3
PI. 4, Fig. 4
PI. 4, Fig. 5
PI. 4, Fig. 6
PI. 4, Fig. 7
PI. 4, Fig. 8
41
HERMELIN
4, figs. 4-5, pI. 5, fig. I.-BARKER, 1960, p. 116, pI. 57, figs.
1-4.
PI. 4, Fig. II
PI. 4, Fig. 12
42
PI. 4, Fig. 13
PI. 4, Fig. 14
PI. 4, Fig. 15
PI. 4, Fig. 16
PI. 4, Fig. 17
PI. 4, Fig. 18
PI. 4, Fig. 19
HERMEUN
PI. 4, Fig. 20
Pl. 5, Figs. 4, 9
Collins, 1934
Pyrulinoides sp. I
PI. 5, Fig. 14
Pyrulinoides sp. 2
PI. 5, Fig. 15
? Polymorphina sp. I
PI. 5, Fig. 12
Description. Test free, elongate, somewhat com
pressed. Chambers biserially arranged. Wall calcar
eous, hyaline, finely perforate. Aperture terminal and
rounded.
Remarks. ? Polymorphina sp. 1 differs from the ge
nus Po(vmorphina in having a simple aperture rather
than a radiate aperture. I believe that this form can be
characterized as a "wild-growing" form of this genus.
Distribution in 586A. ? Polymorph ina sp. 1 is a rare
species.
Genus PYRULINA d'Orbigny, l839a
PI. 5, Fig. 13
HERMELIN
PI. 6, Fig. I
1901, p. 628, pI. 14, fig. 23. -CUSHMAN, 1913, p. 44, pI. II,
fig. 4.-CUSHMAN, 1933c, p. 28, pI. 7, figs. 6, 7?
Fissurina clathrata (Brady). - PARR, 1950, p. 310. - BARKER, 1960,
p. 124, pI. 60, fig. 4.
HERMELIN
48
PI. 7, Fig. 5
PI. 7, Fig. 7
PI. 7, Fig. 10
HERMELIN
1a
2a
3a
4a
Sa
6a
7a
8a
9a
10a
11a
12a
FIGURE 15. Drawings of Fissurina sp. 1-15; a , represents the side view and b, represents the edge view. The drawings are compilations of
several specimens and are not, therefore, drawn to scale. Figure 15.1 = Fissurina sp. I , 15.2 = Fissurina sp. 2, etc.
50
Fissurina sp. 5
HERMELIN
Fissurina sp. 9
Fissurina sp. 13
16a
19a
17a
2Sa
26a
16, Drawings of FissurinG sp, 16-26; a , represents the side view and b, representS th e edge v iew, The drawings are compilations
of several spec imen s and are not, therefore , drawn to scale, Figure 16,1 6 = Fissurina s p, 16 , 16.17 = Fissu rina sp, 17 , etc.
FIGURE
Fissurina sp, 18
PI. 9, Figs, 3-4; Fig, 16. 18a-b
Fissurina sp, 19
53
HERMELIN
--------------~-~
Fissurina sp. 24
PI. 9, Fig. 18
PI. 9, Fig. 17
HERMEUN
56
57
HERMELIN
Buliminoides sp. 1
HERMELIN
HERMELIN
HERMELlN
PI. I I, Fig. I 7
HERMELIN
HERMELIN
1964
Wissler, 1927
HERMELIN
HERMELIN
Nodosaria nodosa REUSS, 1845 (part), p. 28, pI. 13, fig. 22.
Dentalina subnodosa (Reuss).-REUSS, 1851b (part), p. 24, pI. I,
fig. 9.
Pleurostomella subnodosa (Reuss). -REUSS, 1860, p. 204, pI. 8, figs.
2a-b.-BRADY, 1884, p. 412-413, pl.52, figs. 12-13.-CUSH
MAN, 1911, p. 51, text-jig. 82.
Pleurostomellina sp. BARKER, 1960, pI. 52, figs. 12-13.
HERMELIN
HERMELIN
77
HERMELIN
Florilus sp. 1
1958
Nonionellina sp. 1
HERMELlN
Pullenia sp. I
Pullenia sp. 2
HERMELIN
Pulvinulina umbonata (Reuss). - BRADY, 1884, p. 695-696, pI. 105,
figs. 2a-c.-CUSHMAN, 1915, p. 60, pI. 27, fig. 2.-CUSH
MAN, 1921, p. 339-340, I. 71, figs. la-c.-HERON-ALLEN
and EARLAND, 1932, p. 430, pI. 15, figs. 16-18.
Trullcatulilla tellera BRADY, 1884. p. 665, pI. 95. figs. Ila-c.
CUSHMAN, 19/5, p. 37, pI. 15, fig. 2.-CUSHMAN, 1921, p.
318, pI. 64, figs. 2a-c.
Epollides umbollata (Reuss).-CUSHMAN, 1931 a, p. 52, pI. II,
figs. 1-3.
Epollides umbollatus (Reuss).-CHAPMAN and PARR, 1937, p.
108.-BERM(JDEZ, 1949, p. 249, pI. 17, figs. 22-24.-PAR
KER, 1952, p. 419, pI. 6, fig. 13. PHLEGER and others, 1953,
p. 42, pI. 9, figs. 9-1O.-BARKER, 1960, p. 216, pI. 105, figs.
2a-c.
PSl'udol'pollides umbollatus (Reuss).- UCHIO, in KAWAI and oth
ers, 1950, p. 190.- PARKER. 1958. p. 267. pI. 3, figs. 30-32.
LEROY, 1964, p. 39. pI. 7. figs. 33-38.-SMITH, 1964. p. 43,
pI. 4, figs. 8a-c.-BELFORD. 1966. p. 172. pI. 30, figs. 1-6.
Gyroidilla tellera (Brady).-HOFKER, 1951, p. 403, text-figs. 279
280.
PSl'udoeponidestellera (Brady).-PARKER, 1954, p. 530, pI. 9, figs.
20-21.
Epollides tenera (Brady). -CUSHMAN and others, 1954, p. 359, pI.
89. fig. 20.
Epollides (?) tellera (Brady). - BARKER, 1960, p. 196, pI. 95, figs.
11a-c.
Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss).- TODD, 1965, p. 23, pI. 6, fig. 2.
BELFORD. 1966, p. 172-173. pI. 30, figs. 1-6, text-figs. 22:4
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1-3.-BUTT. 1980, pI. 7, fig. 15. pI. 7, fig. 21.-BURKE, 1981,
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HERMELIN and SCOTT, 1985. p. 214. pI. 5, fig. IO.-KOHL,
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Eponides teller teller (Brady). - HERB. 1971. p. 298.
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3a-b.
Oridorsalis tener teller (Brady).-PFLUM and FRERICHS, 1976,
pI. 6, fIgS. 2-4.
Oridorsalis tener umbollatus (Reuss).-PFLUM and FRERICHS,
1976, p. 108. pI. 6, figs. 5-7.
Oridorsalis teller (Brady).-LOHMANN, 1978, p. 26. pI. 4, figs. 5
7.-CORLISS, 1979, p. 9, pI. 4, figs. 10-15.-INGLEand oth
ers, 1980, p. 142. pI. 5, figs. 5-6.
PL 16, Figs. 6, IO
83
HERMELlN
84
HERMELIN
107,
Tnmcaflllina wuellerstorfi (Schwagcr).-BRADY, 1884, p. 662, pI.
? Cibicidoides sp. I
HERMELI!,;
wuellersto~fi except for the depressed umbilicus and
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Distribution in 586A. ? Cibicidoides sp. I is a rare
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98
99
APPENDIX 1
Census data for the benthic foraminiferal species in
the > 125 micrometer fraction. Frequencies are ex
pressed as percent of the total benthic foraminiferal
fauna in each sample.
{;]
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.. ,
4
.5
2.0
1.6
3.5
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2.5
2.0
1.1
1.6
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1.3
4.'
3.0
7
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1.4
2.5
2.3
4.4
5.1
5.1
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4.1
1.2
2.e
5.2
:1.'
1.4
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9.2
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3.0
1.0
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1.2
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8&.80
1.4
89.BO
1.0
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95.80
915.90
97.90
98.90
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1.5
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93.90
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3.1
1.0
7.3
1.5
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112,CO
, 13.00
, 14.00
113.00
116.10
1~ 1 ,C
11S 10
119.10
120.10
121. ,0
.9
2.5
122.10
123.10
124.10
....
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1.1
125.20
12tL2C
121.20
2.1
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2
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1.8
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142.30
100
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1.5
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1.5
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1.5
2,3
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128.20
129.20
130.20
131.20
132.20
133.20
134.20
'35.30
,35.30
137.30
138.30
139.3C
140.30
141.30
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2.3
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103.90
1.5
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104,90
105.90
107.00
108,00
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4.7
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91.80
10' .90
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93.80
94.80
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HERMELIN
PLATE 1
1
2,5
3, 6
4
7, 10
8, 11
9,12
110
Cyclammina cancellata Brady. Side view of a specimen with the last chambers broken off, 79.70 m, x 220.
Textularia lythostrota (Schwager). 2 Apertural view, 130.20 m, x 160. 5 Side view, 110.00 m, x 130.
Textularia secasensis Lalicker and McCulloch. 3 Apertural view, 140.00 m, x 220. 6 Side view, 128.80 m, x 160.
Siphotextularia curta (Cushman). Side view with the last chamber broken off, 48.29 m, x 220.
Siphotextularia sp. 1. 7 Enlargement of aperture, 59.50 m, x 100. 10 Side view of same specimen, 59.50 m, x 2,000.
? Cystammina sp. 1. 8 Enlargement of aperture, 99.90 m, x 1,800. 11 Apertural view of same specimen, 99.90 m, x 320.
Siphoeggerella siphonella (Reuss). 9 Enlargement of aperture, 83.70 m, x 1,000.12 Side view of same specimen, 83.70 m, x 200.
III
HERMELIN
PLATE 2
1,2
3
4,9
5,6
7
8
10
11,14
12, 15, 16
13
112
Eggerella brady! (Cushman). 1 Apertural view, 125.10 m, x 120. 2 Side view, 124.10 m, x 110.
Quinqueloculina lamarckiana d'Orbigny. 4 Side view, 52.40 m, x 180. 9 Apertural view, 48.29 m, x 260.
Martinottiella communis (d'Orbigny). 5 Apertural view, 41.30, x 100.6 Side view, 73,60 m, x 54.
Quinque[oculina venusta Karrer. 11 Side view, 39.31 m, x 130. 14 Apertural view, 41.30 m, x 260.
pyrgo murrhina (Schwager). 12 Side view, 39.31 In, x 78. 15 Apertural view, 39.31 m, x 100. 16 Side-edge view, 39.31
Pyrgo cf. P. murrhina (Schwagcr). Side view, 49.40 In, x 150.
In,
xl 00.
113
HERMELIN
PLATE 3
1,2
3
4, S, 9
6,7
8
10,11
12,13
14, IS
16-18
114
pyrgo sp. I. 1 Side view, 76.69 m, x 200. 2 Edge view, 43.31 m, x 200.
Sigmoilina edwardsi (Schlumberger). 4 Side view, 39.31 m, x 160. S Side view of an abraded specimen, 40.30 m, x 180. 9 Apertural
Triloculina tricarinata d'Orbigny. 6 Side view, 116.10 m, x 180. 7 Apertural view, 116.10 m, x 220.
Triloculina sp. 1. 10 Side view, 40.30 m, x 180. 11 Apertural view, 40.30 m, x 320.
Chrysalogonium lanceolum Cushman and Jarvis. 12 Side view, 96.90 m, x48. 13 Enlargement of aperture, side view of same
Chrysalogonium longicostatum Cushman and Jarvis. 14 Enlargement of aperture, side view, 70.60 m, x 360. IS Side view of same
Chrysalogonfum tenuicostatum Cushman and BermUdez. 16 Side view, 130.20 m, x 110. 17 Enlargement of aperture, side view of
same specimen, 130.20 m, x 400. 18 Enlargement of fine striation, side view of same specimen, 130.20 m, x 370.
115
HERMELIN
PLATE 4
1,2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9, 10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
116
Dentalina communis d'Orbigny. 1 Side view ofa microspheric specimen, 120.10 m, x 160.2 Side view ofa mega10spheric specimen,
103.90 m, x 110.
Lagena advena Cushman. Side view of a specimen with borings of parasitic organisms through the test, 39.31 m, x 120.
Lagena hispida Reuss. 9 Side view, 43.30 m, x 220. 10 Enlargement of test surface of same specimen, 43.30 m, x 2,000.
Lagena hispidula Cushman. Side view, 41.30 m, x 130.
Lagena meridionalis Wiesner. Side view, 134.20 m, x 120.
Lagena paradoxa Sidebottom. Side view, 116.10 m, x 200.
Lagena striata (d'Orbigny). Side view, 108.00 m, x 150.
Lagena tubulata Sidebottom. Side view, 109.00 m, x 180.
Lagena sp. 1. Side view, 64.50 m, x 240.
Lagena sp. 2. Side view, 134.20 m, x220.
Lagena sp. 3. Side view, 121.10 m, x320.
Lagena sp. 4. Side view, 111.00 m, x 240.
Orthomorphina challengeriana (Thalmann). Side view, 72.60 m, x 120.
117
HERMELIN
PLATE 5
1-3
Orthomorphina sp. 1. 1 Side view, 118.10 m, x 160. 2 Apertural view, 105.90 m, x 240. 3 Enlargement of aperture of same specimen,
105.90 m, x 1,600.
4, 9 Pseudo nodosaria sp. 1. 4 Side view, 93.80 m, x 94. 9 Apertural view, 60.50 m, x 180.
5,6 Lenticulina atlantica (Barker). 5 Side view, 97.90 m, x 150.6 Edge view, 100.90 m, x 180.
7,8 Lenticulina convergens (Bornemann). 7 Side view, 103.90 m, x300. 8 Edge view, 121.10 m, x260.
10, 11 Polymorphinidae formae fistulosae. 10 Side view, 74.70 m, x 94. 11 Side view, 61.51 m, x 130.
16. 17 Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny. 16 Side view, 122.10 m, xl 00. 17 Apertural view, 118.10 m, x 100.
18. 19 Fissurina annectens (Burrows and Holland). 18 Side view, 56.40 m, x 240. 19 Edge view, 56.40 m, x 260.
118
119
HERMELIN
PLATE 6
1
2,3
4,5
6,7
8,9
10
11,12
13,14
15,16
17,18
120
Fissurina auriculata (Brady). 2 Side view, 65.50 m, x 240. 3 Edge view, 60.50 m, x 260.
Fissurina cf. F. capillosa Schwager. 4 Side view, 104.90 m, x 130. 5 Enlargement of ornamentation between the central body and the
Fissurina castrellsis (Schwager). 6 Enlargement of ornamentation on apertural neck, side view, 77.70 m, x 540.7 Side view, 77.70
m, x86.
Fissurina clathrata (Brady). 8 Side view, 50.60 m, x 260. 9 Edge view, 43.30 m, x 260.
Fissurilla crebra (Matthes). 11 Side view, 43.70 m, x 180. 12 Oblique view, 43.70 m, x 240.
Fissurilla echigoellsis (Asano and Inomata). 13 Side view, 70.60 m, x 220. 14 Edge view, 75.60 m, x 220.
Fissurillajimbriala (Brady). 15 Side view, 43.30 m, x 200.18 Edge view, 43.30 m, x 180.
Fissurilla kerguelensis Parr. 17 Side view, 41.30 m, x 300. 18 Side view, 55.50 m, x 180.
12 1
HERMELIN
PLATE 7
1,2
3,4
5
6
7
8,9
10
11
12
13
14
15,16
Fissurina marginata (Montagu). 1 Side view, 41.30 m, x 220. 2 Edge view, 41.30 m, x240.
Fissurina palliofata (Earland). 3 Side view, 110.00 m, x 220. 4 Edge view, 117.10 m, x 300.
Fissurina separans Sidebottom. 8 Side view, 65.50 m, x 360.9 Edge view, 67.60 m, x 360.
Fissurina sp. 5. 15 Side view, 109.00 m, x 150. 16 Enlargement of the honeycomb pattern present on the lower part of the central
122
123
HERMELIN
PLATE 8
1,2
3, 4
5
6,7
8,9
10
11,12
13
14,15
16
17,18
124
Fissurina sp. 6. 1 Side view, 70.60 m, x 150. 2 Edge view, 39.30, x 130.
Fissurina sp. 8. 3 Side view, 93.80 m, x 160. 4 Enlargement of ornamentation around the periphery, side view of same specimen,
93.80 m, x 780.
Fissurina sp. 9.6 Side view, 55.40 m, x 240.7 Edge view, 58.50, x 240.
Fissurina sp. 10.8 Side view, 95.80 m, x 150.9 Edge view, 69.60 m, x 180.
Fissurina sp. 12.11 Side view, 118.10 m, x 180.12 Enlargement of the basal part of the test, edge view of the same specimen, 118.10
m, x480.
Fissurina sp. 14.14 Side view, 46.30 m, x 200. 15 Edge view, 57.40 m, x200.
Fissurina sp. 16.17 Side view, 109.00 m, x200. 18 Edge view, 124.10 m, x210.
125
HERMELIN
PLATE 9
1,2
3,4
5
6
7
8,9
10
11,12
13,14
15,16
17
18
126
Fissurina sp. 17. 1 Side view, 46.30 m, x 240.2 Enlargement ofsmall spines ornamenting the basal part of the test, side view of the
Fissurina sp. 18.3 Side view, 105.90 m, x 200.4 Edge view, 110.00 m, x 220.
Fissurina sp. 22. 8 Side view, 58.50 m, x 180.9 Edge view, 49.39 m, x 180.
Fissurina sp. 24. 11 Side view, 101.90 m, x 130.12 Edge view, 81.70 m, x 160.
Fissurina sp. 25. 13 Side view, 48.19 m, x 240. 14 Edge view, 73.60 m, x 260.
Fissurina sp. 26. 15 Side view, 39.31 m, x 180.16 Edge view, 41.30 m, x 180.
127
HERMELIN
PLATE 10
Oolina desmophora (Jones). 2 Side view, 79.70 m, x 180. 3 Enlargement of the basal part of the test, side view of same speeimen,
79.70 m, x480.
12, 13 Para./issurina unci/era (Buchner). 12 Side view, 73.60 m, x 180. 13 Edge view, 58.50 m, x 320.
17.18 Bolivina seminuda Cushman. 17 Side view, 141.30 m, x 180. 18 Edge view, 140.30 m, x200.
t
2,3
128
129
HERMELIN
PLATE 11
1
2-5
6,7
8, 9
10, 12
13,14
15,19
16
17
18
130
131
HERMELIN
PLATE 12
1-3
4,5
Bulimina truncana Guembel. 1 Side view, 40.30 m, x 160.2 Side view, 40.30 m, x 150.3 Apertural view, 40.30 m, x220.
Uvigerina auberiana d'Orbigny. 4 Side view of specimen with two apertures, 108.00 m, x 180. 5 Side view of specimen with two
apertures, 105.90 m, x 180.
6-8 Uvigerina peregrina Cushman. 6 Side view, 120.10 m, x 100.7 Side view, 126.60 m, x 220.8 Side view, 120.10 m, x 110.
9, 10 Discorbinella bertheloti (d'Orbigny). 9 Spiral view, 43.30 m, x 240. 10 Umbilical view, 83.70 m, x 260.
11-13 Gavelinopsis lobatulus (Parr). 11 Spiral view, 67.50 m, x 220. 12 Edge view, 125.10 m, x 220. 13 Umbilical view, 119.10 m, x 260.
14, 18 Heronallenia Ungulata (Burrows and Holland). 14 Spiral view, 119.10 m, x 320. 18 Umbilical view, 67.60 m, x 260.
15-17 Nuttallides umbonifera (Cushman). 15 Spiral view, 40.30 m, x 300. 16 Edge view, 40.30 m, x 360. 17 Umbilical view, 40.30 m,
x400.
132
133
HERMELIN
PLATE 13
1
2
3,4
5,6
7
8-10
11
12
13
14,17
15,16
134
Pleurostomella sp. l. 3 Side view, 110.00 m, x 180.4 Edge view, 107.00 m, x 180.
Pleurostomella sp. 2. 5 Side view, 67.60 m, x 200. 6 Edge view, 124.90 m, x 200.
Francesita advena (Cushman). 8 Side view, 77.70 m, x220. 9 Edge view, 74.60 m, x220. 10 Enlargement of the perforate surface
Favocassidulina/avus (Brady). 14 Edge view, 73.60 m, x 200.17 Spiral view, 70.60 m, x 180.
Globocassidulina decorata Sidebottom. 15 Side view, 69.60 m, x 180. 16 Opposite side view, 90.40 m, x 170.
135
HERMELIN
PLATE 14
1,2
3,4
5
6
7,8
10,11
12-16
136
Allomorphina pacifica Cushman and Todd. 1 Ventral view, 141.30 m, x 200.2 Dorsal view, 41.30 m, x 220.
Ruther{ordoides tenuis (Phleger and Parker). 3 Side view, 63.50 m, x 120. 4 Enlargement of the test surface showing the elongate
Rutherfordoides brady! (Cushman). 7 Ventral view, 137.50 m, x 160. 8 Enlargement of test surface showing the elongate pores,
137.30 m, x7,200.
Quadrimorphina glabra (Cushman). Umbilical view, 69.60 m, x 180.
Astrononion novozealandicum Cushman and Edwards. 10 Side view, 91.80 m, x250. 11 Edge view, 39.31 m, x300.
Flori/us sp. I. 12 Umbilical view, 120.10 m, x260. 13 Umbilical view, 40.30 m, x 300. 14 Edge view, 41.30 m, x320. 15 Spiral
view, 124.20 m, x 320. 16 Enlargement of umbilical area of same specimen as in 12, 120.10 m, x 920.
137
HERMELIN
PLATE 15
1-3
4,5
6,7
8-10
Nonionellina sp. 1. 1 Umbilical view, 111.00 m, x 300.2 Edge view, 111.00 m, x 360.3 Spiral view, 105.90 m, x 260.
Pullenia bulloides (d'Orbigny). 4 Side view, 57.40 m, x 120.5 Edge view, 59.50 m, x 110.
Pullenia subcarinala (d'Orbigny). 6 Side view, 69.60 m, x 150.7 Edge view, 47.30 m, x 120.
Pullenia sp. l. 8 Side view, 117.10 m, x21O. 9 Edge view, 117.10 m, x220. 20 Edge view showing the asymmetrical development
11,12 Pullenia sp. 2. 11 Side view, 58.50 m, x 130.12 Edge view, 48.29 m, x 150.
13-15 Gyroidina alliformis Stewart and Stewart. 13 Spiral view, 113.00 m, x 110. 14 Edge view, 39.31 m, x 110. 15 Umbilical view, 39.31
m, x 78.
16-18 Gyroidina neosoldanii Brotzen. 16 Spiral view, 39.31 m, x 200. 17 Edge view, 111.00 m, x200. 18 Umbilical view, 39.31 m, x220.
138
139
HERMELIN
PLATE 16
1-5 Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss). 1 Spiral view, 39.31 m. x 120. 2 Enlargement of supplemental aperture on spiral side, 39.31 m, x 120.
3 Edge view, 39.31 m, x 120. 4 Umbilical side, 39.31 m, x 540. 5 Enlargement of supplemental aperture on umbilical side, 39.31 m,
x860.
6, 10 Gyroidinoides lamarckianus (d'Orbigny). 6 Spiral view, 141.30 m, x 130. 10 Edge view, 141.30 m, x 150.
7-9 Gyroidinoides orbicularis (d'Orbigny). 7 Spiral view, 139.30 m, x94. 8 Edge view, 138.30 m, x94. 9 Umbilical view, 1I5.00 m,
x260.
11-13 Osangularia culter (Parker and Jones). 11 Umbilical view, 41.30 m, x 180. 12 Edge view, 41.30 m, x 200. 13 Spiral view, 40.30 m,
x 150.
140
141
HERMELlN
PLATE 17
1,5
2-4
6-8
9-11
12
13,14
142
Anomalinoides globulosus (Chapman and Parr). 1 Edge view, 39.31 m, x 150.5 Umbilical view, 39.31 m, x 160.
Cibicidoides bradyi (Trauth). 2 Spiral view, 132.20 m, x 180. 3 Edge view, 39.31 m, x 160. 4 Umbilical view, 39.31 m, x 180.
Cibicidoides mundulus (Brady, Parker and Jones). 9 Spiral side, 41.30 m, x 180.10 Edge view, 41.30 m, x 180. 11 Umbilical view,
41.30 m, x 180.
Melonis pompiloides (Fichtel and Moll). 13 Side view, 50.30 m, x 150. 14 Edge view, 50.30 m, x 160.
143