SAKURA Science Project

Radioactivity of 44Ti
Relevant for Supernova Nucleosynthesis
Staff; Tatsushi Shima
TA; Mayuri Kobayashi, Akihiro Nanbu

Supernova Remnant; Cassiopeia A

B.W.Grefenstette et al., Nature506.339.2014

28Si, 56Fe, 44Ti

are the main

products of nucleosynthesis
in Type-II SN, but their
spatial distributions are
quite different.

How were they produced ?

Blue; 67.9keV&78.4keV from
Green; Si atomic X-ray
Red; Fe atomic X-ray

44Ti

-ray astronomy

NuSTAR
(launched June 13, 2012)

CdZnTe detector

X-ray mirror

synthesis via 40Ca(,)44Ti reaction

Proton Number

44Ti

Neutron Number

44Ti

Decay Scheme

154.8ns

511keV 188.54%

Lets produce

44Ti

and measure its radioactivity !

Experimental Procedure
1. Calibration of the -ray detector system with
standard -ray sources (Nov. 25th)
2. Production of
(Nov. 26th)

44Ti

via

45Sc(p,2n)44Ti

reaction

3. Measurement of the irradiated sample with

the -ray detector system (Nov. 26th~)
4. Data analysis (Nov. 28th~)

Detector
+ absorber

~50 cm

Pb shield

NaI
PMT

NaI
PMT

44Ti

sample

Identification of 44Sc + decay

NaI

511keV

E=511 keV

NaI

511keV

E=(511+1157) keV

1157keV

Coincidence of 511keV and 1668keV !

Data Acquisition (DAQ) System

CAMAC circuit

NIM circuits

Energy calibration
1-1. Measure the pulse-height spectra with standard
-ray sources;
137Cs

(661.66 keV)
22Na (551.0 keV, 1274.5 keV)
60Co (1173.23 keV, 1332.49 keV)
1-2. Obtain peak channels corresponding to the above
-ray energies (E).
1-3. Plot the data of E and peak channel.
1-4. Make a formula to convert a peak channel to E .

Detector efficiency
1-5. Calculate the detection efficiencies () as a ratio
of the counting rate of each photo peak to the
radioactivities of -ray sources;
137Cs

(661.66 keV)
22Na (511.0 keV, 1274.5 keV)
60Co (1173.23 keV, 1332.49 keV)
*Do not forget to take into account the -ray
branching ratios which can be obtained at
http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/
1-6. Plot as a function of E.

Note. Upper limit of the data acquisition rate

of DAQ system is about 10 counts/s.
This means that DAQ system takes
~100 ms/event in the average.
Correction for the dead time of DAQ is
required when the event rate is higher
than ~10 counts/s.

How to do that ?

production via 45Sc(p,2n)44Ti reaction

Proton Number

44Ti

Neutron Number

44Ti

production

45Sc(p,2n)44Ti

reaction with 30MeV proton beam

at AVF Cyclotron, M experimental room, F beam line

45Sc(p,2n)44Ti

reaction cross section

Measurement of 44Ti radioactivity

3-1. Set the irradiated target into the -ray detector,
and start the measurement.
3-2. Each run will be continued for a few hour in Nov. 26th.
From Nov. 27th, each run will be about 24 hours.
3-2. Get the data of pulse height spectrum from each run.
* The data will be provided by the staffs.

Data analysis
4-1. Calculate the yields of the observed peaks.
Note. Estimate the background yields and subtract them.
4-2. Plot the counting rates of the observed peaks
as a function of the elapsed time.
4-3. Calculate the detector efficiency for the coincidence
events of 511keV and (511+1157) keV.
4-4. Calculate the counting rate of the the coincidence
events of 511keV and (511+1157) keV.
4-5. Calculate the decay rate of

44Ti

from 4-3 and 4-4.