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Massive Attack

For the Nicki Minaj song, see Massive Attack (song). ists, interspersed with Del Naja and Marshalls (initially
For the LOMOcean Design boat, see Massive Attack Trickys) own sprechgesang stylings, on top of what be(Motor Boat).
came regarded as an essentially British creative sampling
production; a trademark sound that fused down-tempo
hip hop, soul, reggae and other eclectic references, musiMassive Attack are an English trip hop group formed
[6]
in 1988 in Bristol, consisting of Robert 3D Del Naja, cal and lyrical.
Grant Daddy G Marshall and formerly Andy Mushroom Vowles (Mush). Their debut album Blue Lines
was released in 1991, with the single "Unnished Sympathy" reaching the charts and later being voted the 63rd
greatest song of all time in a poll by NME.[1] 1998s
Mezzanine, containing "Teardrop", and 2003s 100th
Window charted in the UK at number one. Both Blue
Lines and Mezzanine feature in Rolling Stone's list of the
500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[2][3]

In the nineties, the trio became known for often not being able to easily get along with one another and working
increasingly separately. Andy Vowles (Mushroom), who
had once thought of himself as the trios musical director, acrimoniously left Massive Attack in late 1999, after an ultimatum from the other two members to end the
group immediately if he did not. Despite having taken
Del Najas side in the eective ring of Vowles and then
participating in a show-of-unity webcast as a duo the following year, Grant Marshall (G) had also eectively left
by 2001 in that he abandoned the studio altogether. Marshall returned to a studio role in 2005, having joined the
touring line-up in 2003 and 2004.[13]

The group has won numerous music awards throughout their career, including a Brit Awardwinning Best
British Dance Act, two MTV Europe Music Awards, and
two Q Awards.[4][5] They have released ve studio albums
that have sold over 11 million copies worldwide.

1.1

Any Love beginnings

Unsigned, Mushroom (Andy Vowles), Daddy G (Grant


Marshall) and 3D (Robert Del Naja) put out Any Love
as a single,[14] co-produced by Bristol double-act Smith
DJs Daddy G and Andrew Vowles and grati artist- & Mighty.
turned-rapper Robert Del Naja met as members of partying collective The Wild Bunch. One of the rst homegrown soundsystems in the UK, The Wild Bunch became 1.2 Blue Lines and Unnished Sympathy
dominant on the Bristol club scene in the mid-1980s.[6]
Massive Attack started as a spin-o production trio Main article: Blue Lines
3D co-wrote Neneh Cherrys Manchild,[15] which
in 1988, with the independently released song, Any
peaked
at number 5 in the UK single chart.[16] Cameron
Love, sung by falsetto-voiced singer-songwriter Carlton
[7]
McVey
and Neneh Cherry helped them to record their
McCarthy, and then, with considerable backing from
[8]
rst
LP
Blue Lines, partly in their house, and the album
Neneh Cherry, they signed to Circa Records in 1990
was
released
in 1991 on Virgin Records.[17]
committing to deliver six studio albums and a "best of"
compilation. Circa became a subsidiary of, and was later The album used vocalists including Horace Andy and
subsumed into, Virgin Records, which in turn was ac- Shara Nelson, a former Wild Bunch cohort. MCs Tricky
quired by EMI.[6][9] Blue Lines (1991), was co-produced and Willie Wee, also once part of The Wild Bunch, feaby Jonny Dollar and Cameron McVey, who also became tured, as well as Daddy Gs voice on Five Man Army.
their rst manager.[10] Geo Barrow, who went on to Neneh Cherry sang backing vocals on environmentalist
form Portishead, was an intern and trainee tape oper- anthem, Hymn of the Big Wheel.[17]
ator at Bristols Coach House studio when the album
was recorded.[11] McVey (credited at the time as 'Booga That year they released "Unnished Sympathy" as a sintrack at Abbey Road studio, scored
Bear') and his wife, Neneh Cherry provided crucial nan- gle, a string-arranged
[18]
Will
Malone,
that
went on to be voted the 10th
by
cial support and in-kind assistance to the early careers of
greatest
song
of
all
time
in
a poll by The Guardian.[19]
Massive Attack, Portishead and Tricky during this period,
even paying regular wages to them through their Cherry The group temporarily shortened their name to Massive
Bear Organisation.[12] Massive Attack used guest vocal- on the advice of McVey to avoid controversy relating to

History

HISTORY

the band were introduced to Neil Davidge,[25] a relatively


unknown producer whose main claim to fame thus far
had been an association with anonymous dance-pop outt DNA. The rst track they worked on was The Hunter
Gets Captured by the Game, a cover version sung by
Tracey Thorn for the Batman Forever soundtrack. Initially, Davidge was brought in as engineer, but soon became producer.[26]
The trio increasingly fractured in the lead up to the third
album, Davidge having to co-produce the three producers ideas separately. Mushroom was reported to be unhappy with the degree of the post-punk direction in which
Del Naja, increasingly lling the production vacuum, was
taking the band.[25]

Robert Del Naja at Barcelona 2007

In 1997, the group contributed to the lm soundtrack


of The Jackal, recording Superpredators (Metal Postcard)", a number containing a sample of Siouxsie and the
Banshees' "Mittageisen"[27] and Dissolved Girl, a new
song with vocals by Sarah Jay (that was later remixed for
the next album), which was featured at the beginning of
the 1999 lm The Matrix, although it was not on the ofcial soundtrack.

the Gulf War.[20] They went back to being Massive AtLater that year they released a single, Risingson, from
tack for their next single, "Safe from Harm".
what would be their third album, Mezzanine.[28]

1.3

Protection and Melankolic

Main article: Protection (Massive Attack album)

1.4

Mezzanine, Teardrop, the Vowles split


and Marshalls absence

Main article: Mezzanine (album)


After Shara Nelson left, the band brought in Everything
[6]
but the Girl's Tracey Thorn as a vocalist and released
Protection on 26 September 1994.
Mezzanine was Massive Attacks most commercially sucWith McVey out of the picture, Massive Attack en- cessful album, selling nearly 4 million copies. Angelo
their permanent lead guitarist both in
listed the production talents of former Wild Bunch Nellee Bruschini became [28]
recording
and
live.
Hooper to co-produce some songs on it, with Mushroom.
Other tracks were co-produced by The Insects and 3D.
A dub version, No Protection, was released the following year by Mad Professor. Protection won a Brit award
for Best Dance Act.[21] The other collaborators on Protection were Marius de Vries, Craig Armstrong,[13] a Scottish classical pianist, and Tricky. Trickys solo career was
taking o at this time and he decided not to collaborate
with Massive Attack after this.[6]

The lead single, after Risingson was "Teardrop", sung


by Cocteau Twin Elizabeth Fraser. The song was accompanied by a video directed by Walter Stern, of an
animatronic singing fetus. Horace Andy was invited back
to sing on three songs, including "Angel" and a track the
band made for the lm The Jackal, Dissolved Girl, sung
by Sara Jay, was remixed for inclusion on the record.

In 1995, Massive Attack started a label distributed by


Virgin/EMI, Melankolic, and signed Craig Armstrong
and a number of other artists such as Horace Andy,
Alpha, Sunna, and Day One. The trio espoused a noninterference philosophy that allowed the artists to make
their albums in the way they wanted.[24]

having to appear on tour.[30]

Mezzanine went on to win a Q Award for Best Album[29]


1994-5 was also the period of Portisheads Dummy and as well as being nominated for a Mercury Award.
Tricky's Maxinquaye albums and the term trip hop Touring extensively, friction between Mushroom and the
was coined.[22] The media started to refer to the Bris- others came to a head. Mushroom was unhappy with the
tol scene.[23]
direction of the group, Del Najas dominating role, and
Around this time, Del Naja, with Davidge decamped into
Ridge Farm studio with friends and band members of
Lupine Howl (made up of former members of the band
Spiritualized, including Damon Reece who went on to be
Massive Attacks permanent drummer and one of two live
The same year The Insects became unavailable for co- drummers) towards a fourth Massive Attack LP, taking
production and having parted ways with Nellee Hooper, things even further into a rock direction.[10]

1.6

Weather Underground / Heligoland era

2001 also saw the release of Eleven Promos, a DVD of US visa for a while) with Daddy G and fans proering
all Massive Attacks 11 music videos thus far, including their support. The arrest aected the beginning of the
Angel, a 100,000+ promo[31]
100th Window tour schedule.
Despite the diculties of 2003, 100th Window sold
1.5 Del Najas 100th Window, Marshalls over a million copies and was toured extensively (including Queen Square, Bristol a one-o sell out conreturn and Collected
cert set up in the city centre park, which was seen as a
homecoming).[36]
Main article: 100th Window
With Daddy G temporarily no longer involved in the Afterwards, Del Naja and Davidge agreed to an oer from
director Louis Leterrier, to score the entire soundtrack
for Danny The Dog, starring Jet Li. Dot Allison, who
had sung with the band on the 100th Window tour, sang
the end titles track, Aftersun. Davidge also scored the
soundtrack for the Bullet Boy lm, with Del Naja on the
end titles.
In 2005, Daddy G started coming into the studio, although little came of the material. He decided to instead
work with a production duo, Robot Club, in another studio, feeling that he would be more free to develop tracks
in the way he wanted. Meanwhile, Del Naja and Davidge
recorded with a number of dierent singers as well as creating a track named Twilight, for UNKLE's War Stories
album. Later that year, Massive Attack decided to release
their contractually obliged compilation album Collected
in 2006. They released it with a second disc, made up
of previously released non-album songs and unreleased
sketches.[32]

1.6 Weather Underground / Heligoland


era
Main article: Heligoland (album)
In 2007, Del Naja and Davidge scored three soundtracks,
In Prison My Whole Life (which featured a track called
Calling Mumia with vocals by American rapper Snoop
studio, Davidge and Del Naja steered LP4 on their Dogg), Battle in Seattle and Trouble the Water.
own. Enlisting the vocals of Sinad O'Connor and Ho- In February 2007, Massive Attack hosted a charity benet
race Andy, 100th Window was mastered in August 2002 for the Hoping Foundation, a charity for Palestinian children, cementing their reputation as one of Britains politiand released in February 2003.[32]
Featuring no samples or cover versions, 100th Window cally engaged bands. In 2008, it was announced that Maswas not as critically well received in Britain as the other sive Attack were to curate the UKs Southbank Meltdown,
records, although the album received a warmer recep- a week-long event. It was suggested in interviews that this
tion internationally; scoring a 75 out of 100 on review event would inspire Massive Attack back into action, havtowards the completion of
aggregation site Metacritic.[33] The group also collabo- ing spent several years drifting
[37]
their
fth
studio
album.
rated with Mos Def on the track I Against I, which apGrant Marshall of Massive Attack at the Eurockennes Festival
2008

Later that year, Del Naja and Daddy G headed to Damon


Albarn's studios for some writing and jamming. Around
this time, Davidge scored the soundtrack for a Paul
McGuigan lm, Push and in December, Del Naja comAlso in 2003, Del Naja was arrested on child porn alle- pleted the score for 44 Inch Chest with The Insects and
gations, which were reported widely in the media.[34] Del Angelo Badalamenti.
Naja was soon eliminated as a suspect[35] (although he Davidge and Del Naja got back together in 2009 with
was charged with ecstasy possession and unable to get a Daddy G to nish the fth album, incorporating bits of
peared on the Special Cases single and the soundtrack
for Blade II. I Against I is also notable as the only track
from the 100th Window sessions that features a writing
credit from Daddy G.

the Albarn material. Later it was announced that the band


were to headline the 2009 Bestival festival,[38] and soon
after that they were to tour the UK and Europe. In May,
Robert Del Najas instrumental Herculaneum, featured
in the lm Gomorra, won an Italian award for Best Song.
Later that month, Del Naja and Marshall picked up a special Ivor Novello award for Outstanding Contribution to
British Music.[39]
On 29 May Jonny Dollar died of cancer aged 45, survived
by his wife and 4 children. Dollar was the programmer
and hands-on producer behind Blue Lines, writing some
of the melodies that were the basis for the string arrangements Unnished Sympathy.[40]
On 25 August their new EP, Splitting the Atom, was announced. The other new tracks on the EP were revealed to be Tunde Adebimpe's Pray For Rain, Martina
Topley-Bird's Psyche and Guy Garvey's Bulletproof
Love. The latter two tracks appear as remixes of the
album.
The fth album was released on 12 November 2009, and
it was called Heligoland, after the German archipelago
of Heligoland. Del Naja said I think its got denitely
a more organic feel.[41] The opening track, Pray For
Rain featured guest vocals of TV on the Radio's Tunde
Adebimpe, and Damon Albarn and Hope Sandoval also
provide guest vocals on the album.

1.6.1

EPs

Robert Del Naja told the New Statesman of his decision


not to tour in Israel, due to the continuing Israeli blockade
of the Gaza strip.[42]
An Atlas Air EP was announced for 1 November as a
vinyl/digital only release in aid of Warchild, also featuring
the Heligoland leftover track RedLight, plus a remix by
Warp artist Clark.[43]
Del Naja said in October, to the Spinner website, that his
plans were now for unorthodox release of several EPs
in 2011, rather than an album.[44]
On 10 October 2011, a limited 12 was announced, called
Four Walls / Paradise Circus. The record contains
a long-awaited collaboration with Burial, as well as his
remix of Paradise Circus. The record is limited to 1000
copies.[45]
The song Paradise Circus is used during the opening
credits of BBC series Luther, and during the ending scene
of the 6th episode of the second season 2 of Revenge,
whilst the song has also been remixed by several prominent artists, such as Canadian electronic music duo Zeds
Dead.[46]
On 11 December 2011, their song Splitting The Atom
premired as the theme song on Luck, an HBO television
series starring Dustin Homan.

1.7

HISTORY

Ritual Spirit EP, new album, and the


return of Tricky

In a 2013 interview for his rst solo art show since 2008,
Del Naja conrmed that not only was a new Massive Attack album in the works, but that rumours of a reunion
with Tricky were indeed true.[47] Tricky hasn't been featured on a Massive Attack album since 1994s Protection.
'The idea is to put a record out next year',
he says. 'We actually get on really well at the
moment because we don't spend time in the
studio together', he says with a wry grin. 'Me
and Tricky wrote some new tracks in Paris last
year, which haven't seen the light of day yet
but that was fun. They should be on the next
album.'
Robert Del Naja, Metro, 23 May 2013[47]

On 5 February 2014, it was conrmed that Massive Attack would headline at Secret Solstice, a new music festival in Reykjavk on 20 June through 22 June.[48] On 21
February 2015, it was conrmed through the Massive Attack Facebook page that they would be collaborating with
Run the Jewels.[49]
On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application Fantom
was released. The application was developed by a team
including Massive Attacks Robert Del Naja and let users
hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in realtime, using the phones location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera. On 28 January 2016, Massive Attack
released a new EP, Ritual Spirit, which includes the four
songs released on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by Robert Del Naja and long term collaborator,
Euan Dickinson. It is their rst release since the 2011
Four Walls / Paradise Circus collaboration with Burial,
and the rst time since 1994 that fellow trip hop musician Tricky has been featured on Massive Attack content. Artists such as Scottish hip-hop group Young Fathers, London rapper Roots Manuva and singer Azekel
also featured on the EP.[50]
On 26 July 2016, Massive Attack previewed three new
songs: Come Near Me, The Spoils, and Dear
Friend on Fantom, an iPhone application on which they
previously previewed the four songs from the Ritual Spirit
EP.[51] On 29 July 2016, Massive attack released a new
single, "The Spoils, which includes The Spoils and
Come Near Me which were both previewed on Fantom. The Spoils features vocals from American singersongwriter and Mazzy Star frontwoman Hope Sandoval,
and Come Near Me features British vocalist Ghostpoet.
A music video for Come Near Me, directed by Ed Morris, and featuring Kosovan actress Arta Dobroshi, was released the same day as the single.[52] The videoclip for
The Spoils, featuring Cate Blanchett, and directed by
Australian director John Hillcoat, was released on 9 Au-

5
gust 2016.[53]

4 Activism and politics

Musical style

Del Naja has been critical of the government policies of


the UK. He was strongly opposed to the 2003 war against
Iraq, and with fellow musician Damon Albarn personally
Some of their most noted songs have been without
paid for full page adverts in the NME magazine.[59]
choruses and have featured dramatically atmospheric
dynamics, conveyed through either distorted guitar In 2005 Del Naja organised and performed at a charity
crescendos, lavish orchestral arrangements or prominent, concert in Bristol for Tsunami Relief with Adrian Utley
looped/shifting basslines, underpinned by high and exact- and Geo Barrow of Portishead. The two-night event
ing production values, involving sometimes copious digi- featured Massive Attack, Portishead, Robert Plant, The
tal editing and mixing.[9] The pace of their music has of- Coral and Damon Albarn. Del Naja and Marshall perten been slower than prevalent British dance music at the formed three shows in 2005 in support of Hoping, an
time. These and other psychedelic, soundtrack-like and organisation that helps raise money, support projects for
DJist sonic techniques, formed a much-emulated style Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the Gaza strip and
journalists began to dub trip hop from the mid-nineties the west bank, Lebanon and Syria.
onwards,[54] though in an interview in 2006, G said, We Del Naja, musicians Damon Albarn and Brian Eno, and
used to hate that terminology [trip-hop] so bad,' laughs. United Visual Artists contributed to a demonstration
'You know, as far we were concerned, Massive Attack against the renewal of the Trident nuclear programme that
music was unique, so to put it in a box was to pigeonhole was held on board the Arctic Sunrise on the River Thames
it and to say, Right, we know where you guys are coming in 2007.[60]
from.[55]
In 2008, Massive Attack curated the annual Meltdown
festival on Londons south bank. During the two weeks
of live performance, cinema and art, they worked with
3 Other projects
human rights lawyer Clive Staord Smith and his Reprieve organisation which uses the law to enforce the human rights of prisoners.[61]
3.1 'Fire Sale' exhibition
Del Najas solo art show was held at the Lazarides gallery
in central London, England, UK from 24 May to 22
June 2013. The shows content spanned a period of over
twenty years and featured many of the art pieces that
Del Naja created for Massive Attack. Each piece, reinterpreted especially for the exhibition, was hand-printed
and nished. The show also featured three one-o 'digital innity mirrors, two of which contained phrases supplied by Reprieve that were extracted from drone pilot
dialogues. Del Naja performed as a DJ during the opening night on 23 May 2013.[56]

In 2010, the video for shot by Oliver Chanarin and Adam


Bloomberg for the song Saturday come slow, featuring Damon Albarn, drew attention to the use of music in
torture.[62] In 2010, Massive Attack donated the income
from a Lincoln car commercial to the clean up campaign
after the BP oil spill disaster.[63]
Massive Attack donated all proceeds from their 2010 EP
Atlas Air this week for War Child, a charity the band
previously supported when they contributed to the HELP
album.[64]

Massive Attack have previously played two shows in Israel, but have declined recent oers. They have described
this not an action of aggression towards the Israeli peo3.2 Massive Attack vs Adam Curtis
ple but towards the [Israeli] government and its policies, arguing that the Palestinians [in Gaza and the west
Del Naja conceived and designed an eight-night festi- bank] have no access to the same fundamental benets
val with lmmaker Adam Curtis in collaboration with that the Israelis do.[65]
UVA (United Visual Artists) that premiered in Manchester, England, UK in July 2013. The festival featured Del Naja and Thom Yorke of Radiohead threw an unofCurtiss lm, unocially titled The Plan, which was pro- cial party at the occupied UBS building in the city of
in support for the internajected on a huge screen surrounding the audience, while London in December 2011,
[66]
tional
Occupy
movement.
music from Massive Attack was interweaved throughout
the lm.[57] Del Naja, who orchestrated the lms sound- On 14 November 2012, on the eve of the Bristol Mayor
track, described the experience as a collective hallucina- election the band caused some surprise by endorsing intion and the lm was also shown at the Manchester Festi- dependent millionaire and former LibDem George Ferval in July 2013.[58] The show was performed at the Ruhr guson, citing the need for a mayor who would help facilInternational Festival in Germany in August 2013 and the itate creative projects to the city, and wasn't simply folPark Avenue Armory in New York City in September lowing a party political agenda.[67] Previously, Del Naja
had openly criticised Ferguson for being a member of the
2013.

REFERENCES

Society of Merchant Venturers,[68] an organisation dat- 7.3 Brit Awards


ing back to the 16th century which had many connections
with the Bristol slave trade.[69]
The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's
During their concert at Istanbul, Massive Attack named annual pop music awards.
those who died in anti-government protests on the outdoor screen at their back with following sentences, Their
7.4
killers are still out there and We won't forget Soma.[70][71]

UK Music Video Awards

In July Del Naja and Marshall visited the Bourge-El Bara- The UK Music Video Awards is an annual celebration
jneh refugee camp in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian of creativity, technical excellence and innovation in music
volunteers at an educational centre. The bands prot video and moving image for music.
from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.[72]

Banksy claims

In September 2016, freelance journalist Craig Williams


claimed Robert '3D' Del Naja was in fact the elusive grafti artist Banksy or as an alternative theory, that Banksy
is in fact a group of artists led by Del Naja and associated
with the band.[73] Williams plotted Banksy artwork appearances and found some coincided with Massive Attack
tour dates. Del Naja immediately dismissed the claims
saying He is a mate as well, hes been to some of the gigs.
Its purely a matter of logistics and coincidence, nothing
more than that.[74]

8 References
[1] ""The 500 Greatest Songs Of All Time: 63. Massive Attack - 'Unnished Sympathy' (1991, Virgin)"".
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[2] 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Blue Lines Massive
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18 July 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
[3] 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Mezzanine Massive Attack. Rockonthenet.com. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
[4] Massive Attack: BRITs Prole. Brits.co.uk. Retrieved
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[5] Awards & Features: Massive Attack. Metrolyrics.com.


Retrieved 17 September 2014.

Main article: Massive Attack discography


[6] Ankeny, Jason. Massive Attack > Biography. Allmusic.
Retrieved 20 May 2009.

Blue Lines (1991)


Protection (1994)
Mezzanine (1998)
100th Window (2003)
Heligoland (2010)

7
7.1

Awards and nominations


MTV Europe Music Awards

[7] Carlton Discography. discogs. Retrieved 21 May 2009.


[8] Henderson, Richard (5 September 1998). Virgin Anniversary Salute: The U.S.: Co-presidents Cooper And
Newton Are An Illustrious Pair Who Travel Well And
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[9] Cyber Elite Massive Attack. Time Digital. 5 October 1998. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010.
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[10] Sta writer (15 February 2003). The brand plays on.
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1994 by MTV Europe to celebrate the most popular mu- [11] McLean, Craig (16 April 2008). Portishead: back on the
beat. The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2 May
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7.2

Q Awards

[12] Interview with Cameron 'Booga Bear' McVey. Reseize.


15 January 2007. Archived from the original on 5 July
2011.

The Q Awards is the UKs annual music awards held by [13] Lynskey, Dorian (6 February 2007). Massive Attack talk
music magazine Q for excellence in music. Massive Atto Dorian Lynskey. The Guardian. London. Retrieved
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[14] Massive Attack Discography Page 1. eil.com. Retrieved 22 May 2009. Any Love (Mega rare 1988 UK self
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[32] Bush, John. allmusic ((( 100th Window > Overview )))".
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[15] Taylor, Angus (9 January 2009). BBC Music Review


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[16] Neneh Cherry. Ocial Charts. Retrieved 13 September


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[35] Barnes, Anthony; Marshall, Nina (23 March 2003).


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[17] Bush, John. allmusic ((( Blue Lines > Overview )))". Allmusic. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
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[36] BBC Going Out in Bristol Massive Attack wow home


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[20] BBC Radio 2 Sold on Song Brits25 Unnished


Sympathy. BBC. Retrieved 22 May 2009. Reaching
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the Gulf War of the same year

[40] Blue Lines producer dies. musicweek.com. Retrieved 3


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[21] Massive Attack presented in Music section.


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[22] Reynolds, Simon (28 May 1995). POP VIEW; Another


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melankolic
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[41] Interview w/ Massive Attacks Robert Del Naja re. Heligoland. suicidegirls.com. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
[42] Zushi, Yo. The silent treatment. New Statesman. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
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[44] Bellinger, Candy (30 May 2011). Celebrity Gossip, latest
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[45] Four Walls / Paradise Circus. Four Walls / Paradise Circus Massive Attack vs Burial The VinylFactory Editions Shop. Vfeditions.com. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
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[48] Massive Attack will perform at Secret Solstice in Iceland
next summer. News of Iceland. Retrieved 2 March 2014.

[29] The Q Awards. everyhit.com. Retrieved 22 May 2009.

[49] Massive Attack announce collaboration with Run the


Jewels. Massive Attack. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[30] Sawyer, Miranda (11 May 2008). Massive Attack talk to


Miranda Sawyer. The Observer. London. Retrieved 20
May 2009.

[50] Young, Alex (28 January 2016). Stream: Massive Attacks new EP Ritual Spirit. Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 28 January 2016.

[31] Jurek, Thom. allmusic ((( Collected/Rarities/Eleven


Promos > Overview )))". Allmusic. Retrieved 22 May
2009.

[51] Monroe, Jazz. Massive Attack Release New Songs


Come Near Me, The Spoils, and Dear Friend"".
Pitchfork. Retrieved 26 July 2016.

[52] Massive Attack Release Come Near Me New Video,


Plus Hope Sandoval Collaboration. Pitchfork. Retrieved
29 July 2016.
[53] Cate Blanchett stars in Massive Attacks new music
video. The Independent. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

EXTERNAL LINKS

[73] Is this the real face of Banksy. Retrieved 2 September


2016.
[74] Massive Attack star accused of being Banksy denies he
is the artist. Daily Mail. Retrieved 2 September 2016.

[54] Trip Hop. Allmusic. Retrieved 20 May 2009.

[75] The Q Awards 1990-2004 Results. Everyhit.com. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

[55] Tousignant, Isa (7 September 2006). Massive Attack in


Montreal, September 11. Hour. Communications Voir
Inc. Retrieved 26 May 2009.

9 External links

[56] Exhibition 3D: Fire Sale. Lazarides. Retrieved 26 October 2013.


[57] An Open Letter To Massive Attack And Adam Curtis.
Louder Than War. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
[58] Sensory Overload: Massive Attack and Adam Curtis audio/visual assault reimagines the 'gig' experience.... We
Heart. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
[59] Massive Attack: the beat goes on. Telegraph.co.uk. 8
July 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
[60] River Thames to host protest against Trident renewal.
Greenpeace UK. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
[61] ReprieveMemories of Meltdown.
September 2012.

Retrieved 15

[62] ReprieveMassive Attack speak out against music torture. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
[63] Massive Attack Donate Proceeds of Lincoln Car Commercial To Clean-Up Eorts in the Gulf of Mexico. Save
Our Gulf. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
[64] BBC 6Music News Massive Attack for War Child.
BBC. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
[65] Parry, William (3 September 2010). The silent treatment. New Statesman. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
[66] Dazed Digital. Occupy 2012. Retrieved 15 September
2012.
[67] Brown, Christopher (14 November 2012). Bristol
mayor: Massive Attack give vocal backing for Ferguson.
Bristol 247. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
[68] Sta (9 October 2012). Massive Attack star criticises
Bristol Mayor candidate George Ferguson. This Is Bristol. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
[69] Nash, Andrew. The Society of Merchant Venturers.
Bristol Slavery. Andrew Nash. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
[70] Massive Attack Soma ve Gezi'yi unutmad Hayat
Haberleri Radikal. Radikal. 6 August 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
[71] Massive Attack'ten Soma ve Gezi mesaj Gerek Gndem. Gerek Gndem. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
[72] Massive Attack visit Palestinian refugees in Lebanon:
'All of them have a right to a life of dignity and beauty' People News The Independent. The Independent.
Retrieved 17 September 2014.

Ocial website
Massive Attack on NPR Music
Audio interview with Grant Marshall, March 2010
Video interview with 3D and Daddy G before Auckland show 2010
Massive Attack discography at Discogs

10
10.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses


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Wiki Commons file:Massive Attack 009.jpg by Nicolas Keshvary, image cropped and enhanced Original artist: Jezhotwells from original
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License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work by uploader created from two photographs by Rod le Hiboo (File:Massive_Attack_021.jpg
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