EARTHSYSTEM SCIENCES AWARENESS AND RESEARCH ASSOCIATION

(ESWARA)
Lecture Series in Ancient Indian Sciences
Lecture 31
PARA TATTVA GANITA DARSANAM
Gurajada Suryanarayana Murty
(PRINCIPLES OF TRANSCENDENTAL PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICAL TRUTH)
Human civilization may be considered to have been built up on three pillars- sci
ence, philosophy and religion (or spirituality). A philosopher would consider th
ese three disciplines as vector forces directed towards the same goal, which is
the welfare of humanity.
This lecture is an attempt to bring out clearly the intimate link existing betwe
en mathematical and metaphysical truths .The chief motivation for this study cam
e from the Sanskrit aphorisms and commentary in a book called Purnamimamsadarsan
am ? written by Sri Jagadguru Kalyanananda Bharati. Among these aphorisms, there
are two that actually formed the foundation on which the whole edifice of the a
uthor's book PARA TATTVA GANITA DARSANAM stands. These two aphorisms are:
1. Pada Beeja Samkhya Rekhanam Uttarotttaram Baliyah
2. Vruttameeswarah
The first of these two aphorisms discloses a universal principle of profound sig
nificance. It states that there are four means of grasping metaphysical truths:
Word ( PADA ), Mystical letter ( BEEJA ), Number ( SAMKHYA )?? and Line ( REKHA
) and that each succeeding one is superior to the former. Therefore, of these fo
ur means, the one that depends on Line (Geometry) is the best.
The second of the above two aphorisms states that VRUTTAM - a Circle represents
ESWARA - translated as Godhead. Normally, the word VRUTTAM denotes the figure th
at we know as a Circle, which for ordinary purposes of study is the same as any
other geometrical object. How does a Circle become qualified to represent God? S
ri Jagadguru?? Kalyanananda Bharati gave cogent arguments based on Upanishads to
justify the statement that Circle ?represents ESWARA. Before we understand this
statement, we must stress on a special feature of a Circle. And that is a Circle
represents roots of unity . Further we are taught that v1, the square root of 1,
has two values, 1 and also ?1. Why should we accept both positive one and negati
ve one as correct answers? Answers to both these questions are given through the
108 aphorisms in Paratattva Ganita Darshanam .
On the basis of mathematical truths, we can ponder on the metaphysical implicati
on of the second aphorism, namely, VRUTTAMEESWARAH . If any small part of a circ
le is equal to the whole circle, is it not true that every part of ESWARA ?? is
indeed ESWARA ? ? In fact the message of ADVAITA VEDANTA is precisely this truth
, namely BRAHMAN ? is indivisible ( AKHANDAM ). The path to comprehend the answe
rs to these questions is in the domain of complex numbers, familiar to mathemati
cians, which are nothing but points on circle of radius 1.
Thus, Purnamimamsadarsanam has enlarged the meaning of circle and thereby establ
ished a new way to negotiate through the complex concepts of JIVA, ESWARA, AVIDY
A ? and MITHYA, and finally to comprehend the philosophy of VEDANTA . In Para Ta
ttva Ganita Darshanam , the subject is presented in the form of a dialogue betwe
en two imaginary characters a Mathematician and a Vedantin.
In the lecture some examples like SRI CHAKRAM are also discussed as to how geome
trical imagery is used for metaphysical meditations by the students of spiritual
pursuits.

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Lecture 30
The Scientific' Aspects of Ganita,
Hora And Samhita Divisions of Jyotisha Sastra
Vidya Vachaspati, Joutish Sarvabhouma
Sri C. B. V. Subrahmnya Sastry
Jyoti is light and Jyotisha Shastra is the science of light emitting (both self
luminescent and reflected) heavenly bodies. Ancient Indian Astrology recognizes
nine celestial bodies called Grihas' (loosely translated as planets) that include
Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn besides two imaginary inter
section points in the celestial sphere called Rahu and Ketu. This is in contrast
to modern astronomy, according to which there are nine planets in the Solar sys
tem out of which only Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn are common in bot
h systems. It may be noted that recently Pluto is removed from the list of nine
planets. While astronomy is the science of the heavenly bodies, Astrology is ori
ginally understood as practical astronomy but is now almost confined to the once
supposed art or science of the influence of the heavenly bodies on human and te
rrestrial affairs.
Jyotisha shastra cannot be understood by people who do not believe in God, re-bi
rth, and law of karma. In addition, according to Ancient Indian philosophy, ever
y body is supposed to follow the path of righteousness (Dharma) to acquire money
(Ardha) to fulfill his just desires ( Kama ) and liberate (Moksha) himself. The
se are called the four Purushardhas or goals of man. The course of life a man is
believed to be directly controlled by the law of his Karma and indirectly refle
cted in the positions of various Grihas.
Jyotisha Shastra is mainly meant for guiding people in choosing the most suitabl
e time for undertaking various scriptural practices. Jyotisha Shastra cannot be
understood by people who do not believe in god, re-birth, and law of karma. Gani
tha, Hora and Samhita are the three divisions of Jyotisha shatra. While Ganitha
is the theoretical aspect, Hora and Samhita deal with predictions for the indivi
dual and society respectively. Samhita covers general predictions for all people
like rainfall, crops, natural disasters, earthquakes etc. As such it is in the
Hora and Samhita divisions that astrologers may differ from each other. It is he
re that the intellect and spark in the man that matters and leads to success or
failure in the predictions. Interestingly there are certain conditions to be sat
isfied for a man to practice Astrology, which are generally flouted. An astrolog
er is supposed to be free from hatred, ever contented, knowledgeable and a man w
ho follows austerity and does sacrifices regularly, based on scriptures.
There are as many as 18 Shastras or Siddhantas in Jyotisha Shastra out of which
only five are available presently, namely 1.Surya Siddhanta, 2. Paitamaha Siddha
nta, 3. Vasishta Siddhanta, 4. Paulisa Siddhanta and 5. Romaka Siddhanta, out of
which Surya Siddhanta is the most popular. It deals with all the theoretical as
pects of the planets and asterisms, lunar and solar eclipses, planetary conjunct
ions, the precise rising and setting of Sun, Moon and other heavenly bodies, dif
ferent modes of reckoning time etc. Western authors have shown great interest in
Indian Astronomy and there are several translations into English language from
the original Sanskrit works.
It is interesting that the treatment of Ayurveda some times takes the help of As
trology to identify seemingly incurable and fatal diseases.
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Lecture 29
SOME COURSE CORRECTIONS TO INDIA 'S SCIENTIFIC, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMEN
TS
Dr T.S.Ramakrishna
Founder and Secretary ESWARA
Science, economics and culture, though appear to be three very different subject
s, are intertwined, with each having an imprint and impact on the other two in o
ur lives. Science and economics dramatically alter the culture and lifestyle of
a people. Since Independence we have been on a path of development largely based
on the Western Model. Although we have tasted a lot of benefits by this type of
development, formidable problems are cropping up. Of course the stakes on our d
evelopment programs are too high to make any drastic changes like blasting the A
gni Missile or the rocket carrying Insat 4C . But it appears possible and necess
ary to make some course corrections, for the survival of two of the most importa
nt things for the society, the human environment and the human values.
Once upon a time India was scientifically, economically and culturally a super p
ower. But today, sadly, we are called a developing country', desperately trying t
o catch up with the developed world at enormous cost. Science, which simply mean
s knowledge is today defined as knowledge ascertained by observation and experim
ent, critically tested, systematized and brought under general principles. Anyth
ing that does not fit into this description, as of now, is condemned as supersti
tion. Following this concept, we have created dozens of research institutes and
laboratories in science, industry, medicine, agriculture, defense etc with a gre
at success. To day we are proud of our scientists produced in thousands in a var
iety of fields with some of them considered world class. Due to consequent thoug
ht slavery of pursuing an imported science, we have been using all our energies
and resources to prove Mr. White right! We have accepted whenever and whatever h
e said with out so much of a murmur. If he now says that construction of dams on
a river is a bad proposition or organic farming is better than chemical farming
or genetically modified (GM) foods are bad or there are only eight planets in t
he solar system, we have no objection because following his footsteps, we obtain
ed degrees, accolades and awards. Irrespective of the outputs and their utility,
we have come to believe that sophistication, high technology, procurement of ex
pensive equipment, huge projects costing enormous amounts, high profile collabor
ative research with developed countries are indicators of scientific excellence.
Dazed by this modern science, we have dropped the amazing wealth of Ancient Indi
an Sciences which are time tested, final, clear, native, cheap, eco friendly, se
rvice oriented and promoters of a unified society. With an avowed respect and pr
otection for Nature, Ancient India's science was of a different kind. Even the s
cientists were quite different. They were none other than the sages who lived fo
r the society and renounced everything except knowledge. Consciousness was their
knowledge base and mind was their laboratory. With extraordinary sensory percep
tion, far superior to any sophisticated sensors of today, they saw the past, pre
sent and future. And they used their knowledge only for the good of the society
Most people do not know that the Ancient Indian Sciences have dealt with almost
every branch of science including agriculture, artificial intelligence, astrolog
y, astronomy, consciousness, earthquakes, ecology, mathematics, medicine, metall
urgy, solar energy, space technology etc. But while it is impossible to imagine
our lives with out modern science now, a collaborative research may lead to a so
bering effect on the scientists as well as society, with the prospect of an exte
nded life on this planet.
India 's wealth was estimated at 22% of the total wealth of the world in the yea

r 1700 as against 2% now. But due to foreign invasions and rule capped by the in
dustrial revolution, our science, economy as well as culture have been seriously
damaged. Not only India but every individual and every country in the world is
bitten by the development bug' and is stretching beyond the limits of endurance.
But it has to remembered that as the developing countries desperately try to cat
ch up with the developed countries, the latter also will surge forward leaving u
s behind still a developing country.
Meanwhile the concept of materialism is going deeper in to the psyche of every o
ne resulting in a steady degradation of human values. There is large scale disco
ntent in the society, which is completely stratified, with each stratum trying t
o corner as much benefits as possible at the cost of other. Each stratum is obli
vious to the pain and suffering of the others. Inequalities grew with each year
and each Five Year plan. Greed of one and jealousy of the other have brought int
o fore frustration, intolerance and hatred. While the weak and God fearing peopl
e suffered silently, physically stronger ones and desperados revolted in the for
m of musclemen, naxalites and terrorists. Once they are accustomed to easy money
through wrong means, they got stuck to it. Political support for such people on
ly strengthened their activities.
Interestingly, when we look back, we see that we fail every system and blame the
system and go for a new system and the process continues. The taste of easy mon
ey is like the taste of blood. We have heard of sharks and cannibals. We also fi
nd that in spite of poverty the poor people in India tried to live happily. Now
we give them sleepless nights by propagating crass materialism. Of course today
even the rich are unhappy amidst riches because they are not richer. Let us real
ize that the country and its resources are not meant for one or two generations.
We cannot go on vandalizing the Mother Earth as if there is no tomorrow, as if
there is no body to live after we depart.
Culture in its true meaning is a way of life which is not natural but cultivated
through practice by the people of a land based on their ancestry, history, geog
raphy and above all faith. But with every country trying to become a developed o
ne, a sort of knowledge based uniculture is developing. Interestingly when one r
eaches the limits of knowledge, he necessarily falls back on faith. Love and aff
ection, care and concern are evaporating even among kith and kin in this unicult
ure. Taking the lead in this respect is the urbanites who are the role models fo
r the underprivileged rural and tribal folk. Thus we are making a mockery of the
art and science of peaceful living.
There is something strikingly similar in modern science, modern economics and mo
dern culture all of which are driven by the craze for instant results, instant r
elief, instant fame, instant money at the cost of long term perils. If we do not
apply some course corrections to our science, economy and culture, the worst of
India will swallow the best of India before of our dreams of Vision 2020 are fu
lfilled. Let us give up the Western Model and develop ourselves keeping in mind
our billion plus population, resources and invaluable heritage.Let us take advan
tage of our ancient wisdom and combine the best of both worlds to follow a path
of progress with peace!
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Lecture 28
Scientific Literature from Ancient Indian Scriptures - A study by I-SERVE
Sri Kuppa Venkata Krishna Murthy
Abstract
The presence of scientific knowledge in the Vedic and Post Vedic Ancient Indian

literature is amply proved by the quotations which are extensively available in

the commentaries on the great works like Ramayana, Mahabharata, Pancha Kavyas et
c. A List of these quotations is prepared and analyzed to determine the various
branches of science available in ancient India . It is amazing that Ancient Indi
an Sciences have dealt with every subject under the Sun - agriculture, including
natural fertilizers, plant and animal sciences (the later covering leather tech
nology), mathematics, astronomy, cosmology, medicine including surgery, physics,
chemistry and engineering including architecture as well as aeronautics, beside
s several others. The results of this scientific literature survey till date are
summarized here, based on the numerous works cited. The classification of vario
us branches of science in those days was not the same as today but more applicat
ion oriented as can be seen from the table below.
S.No
Name of the Sastra
Modern Subject Some Imp. Books of Ancient India
1.
Nidhi Sastra
- Mining
Mani Prakaranam,
Nidhi Pradeepaha,
2.
Kirana Sastra

- The Science ofRays

Amshubodhini
Ashani Kalpa
3.
Krishi Sastra - Agriculture Krushi Parasaram
Jaladhara Leela
4.
Vriksha Sastra - Botany
Vriksha Ayurveda
Udbhidja Tatva
Prakarana
5.
Pasu Sastra
- Animal Husbandry
Chaturanga Bala
Harihara
Chaturangam
6.
Bhoogarbha Sastra
- Geology
Jalaargala Sastra
Brihatsamhita
7.
Loha Sastra
- Metallurgy
Loha Ratnakara
Loha Rahasyam
8.
Rasa Sastra
- Chemistry
Rasaratna
Samuchayaha
Nagarjuna Tantra
9.
Ayurveda
- Medicine
Rukhrudaya Tantra
Vishanirnayadhikara
10.
Vyomayana Sastra
- Vimana Sastra
(Aeronautics) Only book available
today
Bharadwaja
Vimana Sastra
11.
Ganita Sastra - Mathematics which
includes Astronomy
Kheta Sarvaswa
Aryabhatta &
Bhaskara's Works
12.
Nakshatra Sastra
- Cosmology
Aakasa Tantra
Brahmanda Saaraha
13.
Yantra Sastra - Engineering & Mechanics
( this Sastra was also called
Vastu sastra, or Silpa Sastra) Bruhat Yantra
Sarswam
Pattana Vaastu
14.
Dhanurveda
- Martial science
Dhanush sastra
Turanga
Chankramana

The extent and scope of the subject covered in each of the above branches is est
imated based on the references available the details of which are presented in t
his article. The lists of important books and authors which deserve special sear
ch are also included.
The great volume and the depth of these Ancient Sciences are unparalleled any wh
ere in the world and certainly call for sustained research by modern scientists
in this country.
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Lecture 27
Consultant Naturopath & Acupuncturist,
Medicit Hospitals, Hyderabad.
Dr. S.N.Murthy
Abstract
Man has always tried to maintain good health' employing various means as with out
good health, life is as good as ruined. To day several kinds of therapies are a
vailable in the world. But the choice of therapy is made by a patient, based on
the availability of medicare, degree of urgency of relief required, cost, comple
xity and consequences of the treatment etc.
Ancient civilizations like India , China and Greece always believed that one can
maintain health naturally' with out the aid of any medicines, which is other wis
e called Nature Cure. This is based on the fact that t he body has the ability t
o heal itself from disease, which is actually an anomalous situation, created by
the blockage of the flow of vital energy. Nature Cure in principle is akin to Sw
astha Vrittam , which is a part of Ayurveda. Indian Nature Cure believes that as t
he body is made up of panchabhootas , namely earth, water, fire, air and ether,
restoring a sick man to normal health requires only these panchabhootas and noth
ing else.
Nature Cure essentially comprises of i) regulated diet ii) various exercises, as
anas and mudras (postures) prescribed in Yoga Sastra and iii) discrete applicati
on of the five basic elements of Nature (the Panch Bhootas) to the body in the f
orm of Pranayama, Hydrotherapy, Mud therapy, Sun therapy etc.
In addition, Nature Cure also includes some of the ancient Chinese concepts like
acupuncture and acupressure which apply suitable pressure to an affected organ.
Dr. William Fitzgerald, an American ENT surgeon found in 1913 that the pressure
on specific parts of the body could have an anaesthetizing effect on a related
area. Thus he divided the body into ten pressure related vertical zones, ending
in the fingers and toes. He concluded that pressure on one part of a zone could
affect organs of the body within that zone. In the 1930's, Eunice Ingham, a ther
apist, refined this zone therapy into what is called foot reflexology. She obser
ved that congestion or tension in any part of the foot reflects a similar condit
ion in a corresponding part of the body. By working on these points the reflexol
ogist can release blockages and accumulation of toxins and restore the free flow
of energy to the whole body.
The reflexologist studies and analyzes the structure and condition of the feet a
nd hands and locates areas of sensitivity and problematic organs. He then applie
s suitable pressure and stimulates the body thereby strengthening the defense me
chanism of the body, speeds up the expulsion of toxins and establishes the norma
l flow of energy. The healing process is thus very gentle and takes place over a
period of time, although relief is noticed in most cases instantaneously.

Reflexology, which is not be confused with massage, is a drug-free way of gettin

g rid of diseases and maintaining good health. It works with an amazing efficien
cy and can be practiced by any body to reduce tension and congestion and relieve
pain of ones own as well as others. By stimulating the reflexes of the human bo
dy in a systematic manner, many health problems are solved naturally and with ea
se. This technique has no damaging side effects.
The present author has found excellent results on application of gentle pressure
on the acupuncture median points with a couple of tooth picks or used ball poin
t pens instead of needles. In most cases the pressure has to be applied for abou
t a minute on each point, with the total time not exceeding 30 minutes for each
sitting. This simple therapy is found to strengthen body's own intrinsic healing
capacity and respond well even in curing diseases accruing over long periods of
abuse of the body. Depending on the intensity of disease and response of the bo
dy, a few sittings' may completely cure the disease.
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Lecture 26
A Recap Of ESWARA's 25 Lectures And The Urgent Need To Promote
Research In Native Sciences Of Our Country
Dr T.S.Ramakrishna
Founder and Secretary ESWARA
Since the beginning of the creation Man has always been trying to find ways and
means of living comfortably and happily. Until a few centuries ago he was doing
so with an acute sense of humility and an enormous respect for the Nature around
him, on which his very life rested. But with the industrial revolution all conc
epts and human values have changed so shockingly that to day it is all together
a different world. The bug of development', the most abused word of present day,
has caught in its vicious grip, individuals as well as countries forcing them to
stretch themselves beyond their needs and means, to catch up with the so called
developed countries. It is common knowledge that India with over a billion popu
lation has to develop its own brand of science and technology based on its socio
-economic and cultural needs and resources and not necessarily ape the developed
countries in all respects. Blind following of the so called development has bee
n responsible for the irreparable damage caused to two of the most sensitive par
ameters on which the survival of the country is dependent: one is the human envi
ronment and the other is the human values.
Science and Technology always have a profound effect on the society and they inv
ariably change the lifestyle, culture and values of the people. Inventions made
by science are converted into various products by technology and brought to the
people. Out of these products while some are essential others are comforts and l
uxuries, most of which are harmful to the man as well as his environment. We tac
itly admit that the toxic effects of materialism borne out of the present day sc
ience and technology are eating away the vitals of the society.
Modern science accepts only such phenomenon that can be proved or reproduced in
the laboratory as science and anything beyond that is superstition. But surprisi
ngly as advances in instrumentation enable the determination of finer and finer
details, incredible things are becoming credible. Science is much more than carp
entry or black smithy and can not be contained in laboratory measurements. True
science leads to philosophy which in turn leads to spirituality. With out a spir
itual bend of mind science cannot be understood fully. Consciousness has already

come to be realized as an important dimension in science. Just as the electroma

gnetic spectrum can not be seen by human eye except for the visible band, there
could an invisible science beyond our comprehension and measurability.
It may do some good to remind ourselves that Ancient India had an amazing wealth
of science of a different kind in the form of Vedas. Even the scientists were q
uite different. They were none other than sages who lived for the society and re
nounced everything except knowledge. Their consciousness was their knowledge bas
e and their mind was their laboratory. With extraordinary sensory perception, fa
r superior to any sophisticated sensors of today, they saw the past, present and
future.
The following table shows the holistic and superior nature of the ancient scienc
es.
ANCIENT SCIENCE
MODERN SCIENCE
Time tested
Recent origin
Final Evolving
Clear Ambiguous
Native Imported
Cheap Expensive
Eco friendly
Inimical to environment
Service oriented
Profit oriented
Promotes unified Society
Promotes stratified society
The ancient Indian science promoted a unified society. Irrespective of the statu
re, every individual or every living organism was an important and respectable c
omponent in the society. Everyone understood, respected and obeyed the Nature an
d its natural' processes. It ran for millennia with out much problem, backed by t
he sacred concept of harmony'. None felt too low or too high and performed his du
ties willingly and faithfully. Certainly there was more peace, contentment, happ
iness and security in the society.
It is for this sacred reason that we my look in to the amazing wealth of the Anc
ient Indian Science as can seen from the following table.
Lecture No.
Date
Topic

Speaker

Lecture - 29
25-9-2006
Some Course Corrections to India 's Scientific,
Economic and Cultural Developments
Dr T.S.Ramakrishna
Lecture - 28
Scientific Literature from Ancient Indian Scriptures
A study by I-SERVE
Pt. Kuppa Venkata Krishna Murty
Lecture - 27
19-7-2006
Nature Cure, Reflexology and Acuprerssure
Dr.S.N.Murthy
Lecture - 26
16-6-2006
A Recap Of ESWARA's 25 Lectures And The Urgent Need To Promote
Research In Native Sciences Of Our Country
Dr T.S.Ramakrishna
Lecture - 25
28-2-2006
Artificial Intelligence and Panini's Grammar
Dr.C.S.R.Prabhu
Lecture - 24
21-11-2005
The Science of the Soul And Evolution of Personality
Shri. Na
nduri Saiprasad
Lecture - 23

19-10-2005
Herboprint Tm - A Unique Diagnostic Tool For Standardization And Validation Of T
raditional Indian Medicines
Dr.D.Vijaya Kumar
Lecture - 22
2-9-2005
Consciousness-- The New Dimension In Science
A.G.B.Reddi
Lecture - 21
22-06-2005
Care Of The Unborn Child With Yoga In The Present Age
Theory, Practice & Applica
tion
Dr. Shamathakamani Narendran
Lecture - 20
15-12-2004
The Perils of Solar Energy Exploitation
Prof. K.C.Sahu
Lecture - 19
17-11-2004
The Utility of Astronomical Calculations in Dating the Indian Epics and Vedas
Shri. Ramulu Gajavada
Lecture - 18
27-10-2004
Ancient Mathematical Sutras As Explained By , Swami Sri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji
Maharaj,Sankaracharya Of Govardhan Mutt, Puri
Prof. C. Shanthamma
Lecture - 17
17-09-2004
The Impact of Food and Lifestyle' on Performance
- Suggestions from Gita and Yoga Sutras
Dr.T.S.Ramakrishna
Lecture 16
18-8-2004
The Glory of Ancient Indian Mathematics
Prof. V.Kannan
Lecture 15
17-5-2004
Panchatkarma-The Ayurvedic Technique Of Rejuvinating The Body
Dr. K.V.Rajagopalan
Lecture 14
2- 4-2004
Therapeutic Value of Music
Prof. Nukala China
Satyanarayana
Lecture 13
5-02-2004
The Effect of Heavenly Bodies on Life on Earth- The Indian Persp
ective Dr.C.V.B.Subramnayam
Lecture 12
29-12-2003
Discovery of Bioactives from Traditional Indian Drugs-new opportunities and rece
nt successes
Dr.K.V.Raghavan
Lecture 11
25-11-2003
Bharadwaja Vimanasastra- the Ancient Aerospace technology
Dr.C.S.R. Prabhu,
Lecture 10
8-10-2003
Sustainable Agricultural Development based on Vedic Concepts and Literature

Dr.Y.L.Nene
Lecture 9
7-4-2003
Vedic Ecology Dr.B.Laxmi
Lecture 8
27-12-2002
Vedas and Computers
Sri. R.V.S.S.Avadhanulu
Lecture 7
23-10-2002
Some geoscientific traditions in Sanskrit literature
Lecture 6
28-8-2002
Will Science Come to an End?

Dr.N.Sai Prasad

Lecture 5
20-7-2002
Bio-Vedic Therapy

Dr.B.Laxmi

Lecture 4
13-6-2002
Past Life Regression

Dr.K.Newton

Lecture 3
10-1-2002
The Origin and Sustenance of Life
Lecture 2
23-10-2001
Ancient Indian Metallurgy

Dr.S.Madabhushi

Dr.P.B.A.Venkatacharya

Dr.C.S.R. Prabhu,

Lecture 1
17-10-2001
Wealth, Scope and Relevance of Vedic Sciences, to the Twentyfirst Century Mankin
dandPreliminary studies related to Earthquakesbased on Vedic Sciences
Sri R.V.S.S Avadhanulu
These lectures are enough of evidence to prove that the ancient Indian sciences
have dealt with almost every branch of science including agriculture, artificial
intelligence, astrology, astronomy, consciousness, earthquakes, ecology, mathem
atics, medicine, metallurgy, solar energy, space technology etc. No doubt due, t
o neglect and lack of continuity, these sciences are in such a state that it is
difficult to understand or appreciate their value. But the fact that ESWARA coul
d conduct as many as 25 lectures during the last five years, shows their tremend
ous potential as well as relevance and the urgent need to initiate serious resea
rch in these sciences by national laboratories, universities etc.
A healthy respect for the Ancient India Sciences will certainly sober down the m
odern scientist, enhance respect for minimum technology', save the environment an
d save valuable resources, all of which are essential for a developing' country l
ike ours. It is necessary for the Indian scientist to get over the thought slave
ry. Not because of any patriotic reasons or religious affinities but for the saf
ety and well being of the children and grandchildren.
The abstracts of all the 25 lectures can be accessed through our website: www.es
waraindia.org

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Lecture 25
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE and PANINI'S GRAMMAR
C.S.R.Prabhu
Abstract
Panini, the ancient grammarian of Sanskrit language produced a system of generat
ive grammar around 7 th Century B.C. near Takshashila (the modern Baluchistan).
A monumental masterpiece, Panini's Grammar known as Astadhyayi , is profusely pr
aised by Western and Eastern Scholars as Summum Bonum of human intellectual achi
evement, ever done in the world. In a system of Sanskrit texts the whole of Sans
krit language has been formally encapsulated based on generative process of produc
ing all the possible words in all their conjugate forms of classical Sanskrit la
nguage, with extension of Vedic Sanskrit language. This system of 5 texts compri
se of Astadhyayi (rules of generative grammar), Dhathupathamu (roots of verbs),
Ganapathamu (list of groups), Lingaanusasana (Masculine and Feminine Genders) an
d Unadikosa (stem - beginning and end of a word).
The modern Artificial Intelligence, a branch of computer science research deals
with subjects related to Knowledge Representation and Natural Language Processin
g. The natural languages such as English, Telugu or Hindi are not formal in thei
r grammar and structure and therefore ambiguous and context sensitive. This make
s it very difficult for them to be processed in a machine i.e., a computer syste
m. Rigid structure and grammar that makes possible formalism are the essential r
equirements for processing the natural language on a computer system, to overcom
e at least partly, the problems of context sensitivity and ambiguity.
Sanskrit language, as the name indicates, is not a common language or Prakrut. I
t is refined, processed and formalized through grammar and therefore called Sans
krit which means literally processed , refined or formalized . Panini's Grammar offers a
n almost formal, highly comprehensive generative grammar for Sanskrit language,
thereby making it amenable for machine processing by a computer system.
In this lecture, the unique and extraordinary characteristics of Panini's Gramma
r of Sanskrit are brought out. The generative processes of character string tran
sformations by rigid rules, which finally give rise to various conjugate forms o
f nouns and verbs in Sanskrit language, starting from the roots and basic suffix
es are all clearly explained from the fundamental sounds and characters. How the
se processes of Siddhi or production of conjugate forms of words from their root
s can be computerized using modern programming language are also explained. A pa
tented technique of converting the Sutra or a Rule of Panini's Grammar into a pr
ogram or procedure in a modern programming language like C , is also explained.
By implementing the computerized Algorithms equivalent to Panini's Sutras or Rul
es in a computer system, it is possible to produce the Object Oriented Knowledge
Representation in Frames used in Artificial Intelligence. Once the knowledge is e
xtracted from sentence, it can be represented in a frame in an object attribute
structure, which can later be utilized for a variety of purposes such as machine
translation.
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Lecture 24
THE SCIENCE OF THE SOUL AND THE EVOLUTION OF PERSONALITY

Nanduri Sai Prasad

Abstract
We all believe that present man evolved from the Ape, based on the evolutionary
theory of Darwin . At the same time, we also observe different personalities, or
individuals, though living in the same environment and society, did not evolve
to the same degree. We see, one is wicked and does not hesitate to cheat, or eve
n kill, another for a gain, while another person is magnanimous and showers love
even on the enemy. One is strikingly rich while the other is a beggar through o
ut his life. This behavioral variation and duality in Nature is one of the age o
ld paradoxes that could not be resolved by the social scientists. Ancient Indian
sciences and philosophy have answers to all these riddles in the form different
ly evolved Souls that dictate the personality of a man.
Human beings can be broadly divided into two categories: the evolving and the ev
olved. The five-sensory personality always seeks external power to control the e
nvironment and the people within the zone of his influence. Money and power have
become the symbols of this external superiority. There is another type of perso
n, the intellectual personality, who can feel the intense internal power, which
is nothing but energy of his Soul. He is full of love and wisdom which he shares
with others. For example, Jesus and Mahatma Gandhi prayed for mercy for those w
ho inflicted injuries on them, representing evolved Souls.
Only with a physical body and a personality, one can feel anger, fear, hatred, v
engeance, sorrow, shame, regret, indifference, cynicism and loneliness, but not
the Soul. Love, compassion and wisdom do not belong to the personality. They are
experiences of the Soul. The five-sensory personality has to evolve into an int
ellectual personality. This may not happen during one lifespan and might take nu
mber of incarnations depending on when he gets the awareness. Each personality,
consciously or unconsciously, contributes to the evolution of its Soul through d
ifferent incarnations. During each incarnation, the Soul creates a different per
sonality and acquires a suitable physical body.
At the beginning of creation, all human beings are full of consciousness and ene
rgy. Man is blessed with five senses and intellect, and is the ultimate in creat
ion. Because of free will, sin and virtue are dawn on humanity creating differen
t personalities. Only an intellectual person is aware that his personality and i
ts body are temporary aspects of the Soul. When they served their function, at t
he end of one's life, the Soul releases them. The physical body dies out, but th
e eternal Soul incarnates another body. At the end of many such incarnations, af
ter balancing its negative and positive energies, it returns to its natural stat
e of full energy.
The energy balancing act goes on according to the Law of Karma, analogous to the
Third Law of Motion of Newton. There will be a reaction for every action. For e
xample, a person gains wealth by deceiving another person. This creates a loss o
f energy, and this imbalance of energy can be balanced only when another person
exploits him for gain of wealth. Similarly, if one inflicts pain to another pers
on, the loss of energy can be balanced only when the person experiences similar
pain he inflicted. This energy balancing goes on through several incarnations, w
ith ups and downs. When the five-sensory personality becomes aware of the purpos
e of his life and the nature of his Soul through its journey, it will be in a po
sition to clearly understand different events of its life and relate them to the
energy dynamics of the Soul. When this Soul attains its full energy there will
be no more incarnations.
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Lecture 23

HERBOPRINT TM A UNIQUE DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR STANDARDIZATION AND

VALIDATION OF TRADITIONAL INDIAN MEDICINES
Dr. D.VIJAYA KUMAR
Indian Institute Of Chemical Technology (CSIR)
Hyderabad
Abstract
Most of the Indian Systems of medicine are based the traditional concepts of dis
ease identification and their relation to the physico-chemical properties of med
icines, which are prepared with highest standards of quality control and ethics.
Handed down through centuries of study and practice, except some, the present d
ay practioners are fully non-conversant of the philosophical principles behind t
hese therapies. It is felt that the scientific basis and the rationality of thes
e systems are difficult to be equated or explained in terms of modern terminolog
y and scientific parameters. This emphasizes the need of a tool that can transla
te the traditional terminology and properties to be explains in modern physico c
hemical properties.
There is a need for standardization and quality control of the preparation of va
rious herbal, mineral or herbo-mineral products so that their traditional effici
ency is maintained. As the principles and properties of the medicines mentioned
in the traditional texts will be considered as standard, the modern methods of q
uality control should also take them in to consideration while assessing the qua
lity of the traditional medicines with out deviating from the basic philosophy.
Hence standardization of traditional medicines prepared by traditional methods a
nd protocols and their standardization by modern methods with out any role of tr
aditional properties and terminology, which is in practice now cannot be conside
red authentic as two different protocols cannot be used for the same purpose.
A modern instrumental method entitled HERBOPRINT TM using a chromatographic tech
nique has been developed for the standardization of the above purpose. This help
s to standardize the medicines based on the traditional principles and propertie
s as mentioned in the traditional texts using modern scientific tools and termin
ology. When these medicines are analyzed using the method of chromatographic fin
gerprinting, the generalization developed has helped in understanding the inhere
nt science built in the basic concepts of Ayurveda, Siddha and other traditional
Indian medicines.
This unique tool is also able to correlate the pathological conditions of biolog
ical samples like blood to diagnose the disease holistically following the tradi
tional parameters. The technique not only facilitates the assessment of the dise
ase status and selection of proper medicine to cure the ailment but also provide
s a method for quality control of traditional medicines and put the traditional
philosophies on modern scientific footing, for the benefit of mankind.
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Lecture 22
CONSCIOUSNESS-- THE NEW DIMENSION IN SCIENCE
A.G.B.Reddi
Retd. Dy. Director General,
Geological Survey of India , Bangalore
Abstract

Relativity and Quantum Physics ushered in an era of a new mode of knowledge. The
earlier age of experimentation and verification of results by the senses has no
w given place to intuitive knowledge through esoteric mathematics. This is bring
ing the scientist closer to truths behind apparent phenomena. As a result, he no
w seems to be marching towards the Vedantic sage who has already preceded him in
his long quest for the ultimate Truth. The material benefits of quantum mechani
cs in various fields such as solid state matter, metals, magnetism, electrical c
onductivity and so on have been immense. But the impact of quantum and particle
physics on our psychological life promises to be even more powerful and profound
. Quantum physics demonstrates that matter is conscious, that a unitive consciou
sness is the foundation of all phenomena and that our subjective consciousness d
etermines our perception of external reality. At the same time particle physics
asserts that there is no such thing as individuality isolated from the rest of t
he universe, that there is only an overwhelming interconnectedness of all phenom
ena, events and entities founded on a fundamental unity at a deeper level. All t
hese are of course not new to Vedanta but yet they do deserve to be acclaimed as
rediscoveries quite original in their own right because modern science has laid
a sound rational foundation for these ancient truths. It is entirely a subjecti
ve world of external reality as propounded by quantum mechanics. However, if thi
s subjectivity promotes division rather than healthy diversity, it will come int
o conflict with oneness. In this sense quantum mechanics on the one hand and par
ticle physics on the other may present an antinomy - an antinomy that can only b
e harmonised through a purification of mind, intellect and heart.
Physics and Biology are converging on the common ground of consciousness, which
seems to be the real driving principle behind all life processes. Biologists are
now looking at cells, tissues, organs and in fact whole organisms not merely in
their biological identity but also as distinct energy fields. This is to be reg
arded as a great leap in the right direction as these fields are subtler than ma
tter and ought therefore be nearer to the truth. Although like Vedanta, the New
Physics has also arrived at consciousness as the substratum of the phenomenal wo
rld, there seems to be a certain lack of clarity in its perception of this princ
iple. It seems to view consciousness as an undifferentiated wholeness, which is
not quite the case. Science is as yet a long way from realising that consciousne
ss actually consists of an entire hierarchy of 'planes and levels' in an ascendi
ng scale between gross matter at the base and pure Spirit at the summit. These p
lanes and levels in fact correspond to other worlds of matter-- matter subtler t
han our own--each of these worlds peopled by its own beings. These kingdoms of s
ubtle matter evidently surpass our 'understanding' and can only be experienced.
Is the Scientist then ready for this great adventure? In any case, it is decided
ly a momentous turning point for science which will be called upon to turn more
and more 'other- worldly'. It should be a safe bet that science will never be th
e same again!
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Lecture 21
CARE OF THE UNBORN CHILD WITH YOGA IN THE PRESENT AGE
TION

THEORY, PRACTICE & APPLICA

Dr. Shamathakamani Narendran

Principal and Dean,
M.S.Ramaiah Medical College and Teaching Hospitals,
Bangalore
Abstract
Pregnancy is one of the greatest events in a woman's life. The artistry, the ama
zing accuracy and the awesome detail associated with the little life inside the

womb can only be experienced by a mother. With the concept of small families all
over the world, pregnancy has become not only very precious but also full of ap
prehension and fear.
With latest advances in obstetric field today one can plan to become pregnant wh
en needed and take good care to have a normal child. In addition, the growth of
the foetus right from conception to delivery can be mapped and visualized in suc
h detail that one can know the sex of the baby and the development of its organs
etc. during the period of pregnancy, giving great relief to the mother as well
as the near and dear. But it is also true that the development of the baby is af
fected by several maternal as well as foetal factors. Hypertension, diabetes, ma
lnutrition, chronic renal disease etc. can cause harmful effects on the foetus.
Similarly chromosomal anomalies in the embryo and infections in the mother are k
nown to cause several birth defects. Apart from these causes, tension, fear, anx
iety and chronic stress in the mother can cause serious problems, resulting ofte
n in a poor outcome. It is now well recognised that stress causes psycho-neuro-i
mmunological changes in the body leading to pregnancy complications ending in op
erative surgery. Hypersensitivity of the mother leads to intolerance to pain, re
quiring heavy dosage of painkillers, which are not safe for the unborn.
Yoga therapy is fast advancing as an effective tool in many physical and psychol
ogical disorders. There is enough proof available of the beneficial effects of y
oga on the mind and body of the human beings. Many scientists have investigated
the changes that take place in the human system at all levels by the practice of
yoga and holistic living in the recent past all over the world. Swami Vivekanan
da Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (sVYASA), Bangalore , has evolved a simple and use
ful module of basic yoga practice for mothers-to-be and extensive research is go
ing on in one of the local super speciality referral maternity hospitals.
However due to a lack of right exposure, there is still a lot of apprehension an
d fear in the minds of doctors and obstetricians, much more than the pregnant wo
men themselves about yoga practice. It has to be mentioned here that yoga does n
ot mean only some asanas or postures. Yogic practice or any type of ancient Indi
an health management always takes a holistic view of the human being in its tota
lity. Unfortunately the overwhelming influence of western medicine on modern Ind
ian women is such that they need counselling, coaxing and motivating to understa
nd the easily and safely obtainable benefits from yoga. Yoga therapy has been tr
ied in all most all the stress related conditions with remarkable benefits (Sham
anthakamani, 2005a; Shamanthakamani 2005b).
The book on Yoga for Pregnancy (Shamanthakamani et al, 2004) comprehensively deals
with medical facts about pregnancy, effects of stress on pregnancy, information
about anatomical, physiological changes and adaptations to pregnancy and also c
omplications that can arise such as Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH), Intra
Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), etc. It
gives a complete knowledge of modified set of yoga practices including Asanas, P
ranayama, Meditation Techniques, Relaxation Techniques, Mudras and Bandas as wel
l as the dietary practices that can be practiced throughout pregnancy.
In conclusion it can be said with confidence that Yoga practices are safe, effec
tive and beneficial and also help in easy delivery. People who are practicing mo
dern medicine can undoubtedly provide a better quality healthcare to their patie
nts by combining the ancient Indian practices with high-tech medicare.
References
Yoga for Pregnancy. 2004. Shamanthakamani,N., Nagarathna, R. and Nagendra,H.R. S
wami Vivekananda Yoga Prakashana, Bangalore . 158 p.
Efficacy of yoga on pregnancy outcome. (2005a). Shamanthakamani. N .The Journal

of Complementary and Alternative Medicine [JCAM], USA . Vol 2(2) pp 237-244

Efficacy of Yoga in Pregnant Women with Abnormal Doppler Study of Umbilical and
Uterine Arteries. (2005b) The Journal of the Indian Medical Association [JIMA],
India., 2005, Vol 103(1) pp 12-17.
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Lecture 20
THE PERILS OF SOLAR ENERGY EXPLOITATION
Prof. K.C.Sahu (Retd)
Indian Institute of Technology,
Powai, Mubai
Abstract
The projected shortage non-renewable energy sources have prompted the scientific
world to look for alternative sources. The most favoured among the non-conventi
onal energies is the solar energy, which is endlessly received in immense quanti
ties - more than 10,000 times the energy that humans currently use. Even a simpl
e roof top solar installation on a 800 sq. ft. terrace would supply enough power
to meet all normal domestic requirements of electricity in a modern Indian home
. There are two techniques available to exploit Solar energy, which are i) the S
olar Thermal (ST), which is the direct use of Solar heat and ii)the Solar PhotoVoltaic (SPV). While the former is time specific, the latter is apparently more
advantageous. But the manufacture of PV-cells requires a number of hazardous mat
erials including many chemicals and heavy metals besides the basic element Silic
on, which poses a threat in different dimension that has never been hitherto foc
used.
Silicon, a Group IV element in the Periodic Table, is a semimetal that lies on t
he border of the metal-nonmetal boundary. Its toxicity (metabolic impact on the
organic kingdom) is least known, unlike germanium, selenium and aluminum, the la
st of which is suspected to cause brain damage in human beings, which is known a
s Alzheimer's disease. The pollution index of a metal increases with its technop
hyllitic index, which is defined by the ratio of annual global production of a m
etal and its Clark value in the crust. Pollution index is defined by the amount
of metal present in the environment (air, water, and soil) over and above the ba
ckground values and this index naturally increases with increase of utility of t
he metal by the society.
Production of elemental silicon is chemical intensive, some 500 to 1000 chemical
s are used for imprinting electronic circuits on silicon wafers. Production of a
six inches silicon wafer results in 14 kg. of solid waste and 11,000 litres of
waste water. Extensive use of silicon in most human activities is clearly envisa
ged in future. In all aspects, future human species will be virtually surrounded
and soaked in silicon wafer to collect and process solar energy received in eve
ry possible occasion. That means an increased pollution index of hitherto unavai
lable elemental silicon. The unlimited stock of solar energy, abundance of silic
a on earth and ever-growing ceaseless demand of energy will compound exploitatio
n and abuse.
Silicon, the dominant constituent in the lithosphere, was destined to trigger an
d evolve into a life system (Crains-Smith hypothesis). But carbon, although a mi
nor constituent in the Crust and manifested in a variety of states (solid, liqui
d and gas as well as in a large number of organic polymers), reigned supreme, re

legating silicon to the background in the developing units of life on the early
earth. The anthropogenic rejuvenation of elemental silicon for tapping of solar
energy and its introduction into the organic world that has never occurred in th
e history of this planet will be like bringing onto the stage the defeated compe
titor of carbon and only time will decide the consequence of such an invitation.
As such, silicification of wood and organism in fossils clearly reveal the repl
acement zeal of silicon in the organic world. There have been spots of silicific
ation in localized organs, such as development of silicosis in lungs, hardening
of veins and bones where the impact is total destruction of the carbonaceous liv
ing tissues, albeit on micro scale. Cosmetic use of silicon in certain body part
s has been found disastrous. It is too early to speculate on the impact of silic
on entry into the organic world since no toxicity studies have yet been done for
the element. However, its chemical similarity with Germanium, Selenium etc show
s that silicon is potentially toxic and needs to be handled carefully. Some sili
con compounds are also used as a rodenticide. If Selenium toxicity is a cause of
dinosaurs' extinction, Jurassic Park is a chime of our death knell due to envir
onmental silicon toxicity.
The technology of tapping solar energy therefore is in no way different from the
introduction of atomic energy. The search for a clean source of energy for the
future world should not end by inducting an element of societal disaster that go
es against the spirit of the effort to increase the quality of life
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Lecture 19
The Utility Of Astronomical Calculations In Dating The Indian Epics And Vedas
Shri. Ramulu Gajavada
2092 N. Casitas Ave.,
Altadena, CA 91001-5341
626-398-8780, rgajavada@aol.com
Abstract
The Vedas are Divine revelations and were not composed or authored by mortal hum
an beings and are Apaurusheya. The Vedas are eternal. However, it can be said th
at the wisdom and content of the Vedas are the Divine revelations to the ancient
Rishis who must have lived at a finite period in the past and perhaps their per
iod could be dated using numerous astronomical events mentioned in these epics R
amayana and Mahabharata, Itihasas and dating of them paves the way for dating th
e Vedas .
According to Dr. S. Kalyanaraman, there are over 72 astronomical references in M
ahabharata . These astronomical events are verifiable with aid of computer simul
ations of the sky maps using the planetarium software. The simulated sky maps di
splay the configuration of planets, stars and constellations at any place in the
world on any particular day from 4,712 B.C. to 10,000 A.D.
The pioneering work in establishing the dates of events in the Mahabharata Itiha
sa was done by Dr. B. N. Narahari Achar using the modern planetarium software. P
rofessor K .S. Raghvan has considered many of astronomical events as recorded by
Veda Vyasa in his calculations using the Vedanga Jotishya Shastra and proposed
the dates of the Mahabharata events. Accordingly, the Mahabharata war started on
November 22, 3067 B.C. Dr. Achar says the planetarium software simulations show
s a remarkable agreement of planetary configurations as described by Veda Vyasa
on this day. Similarly, it was determined that the winter solstice occurred on J
anuary 13, 3066 B.C. and Bhishma passed away on January 17, 3066 B.C. The Mahabh
arata episodes occurred around 3000 B.C. or 5000 years ago. Winter solstice from
the Mahabharata time has shifted from the month of Magaha to Margashirsha with

a change of 69 days to the present. For a change of a day in the winter solstice
71.8 years are required. Therefore, 5,000 (69 x 71.8) years have lapsed since t
he Mahabharata episode. Similar calculations in respect of Ramayana face many pr
oblems due to various complexities.
Lokamayna Bala Gangadhar Tilak in his famous and celebrated book The Artic Home i
n the Vedas
says that the vernal equinox was in the constellation Orion or Mrig
a during the period of early Vedic hymns, about 4,000 B.C. and receded to the co
nstellation Krittikas , or Pleiades about 2,500 B.C. In conclusion, according to
Bala Gangdhar Tilak , at the time of the Vedic hymns, vernal equinox was in the
constellation Mriga or Orion, hence the winter solstice was in the constellatio
n Meenam or Pisces
The earth's axis, which is inclined approximately 23 degrees to the plane of rev
olution, rotates approximately in a circle once in 46,000 years. This phenomenon
is called The Milankovich Cycle of Earth's Precession. In this duration of 46,000
years, the sighting of a particular constellation takes place in different seas
ons. Presently, that is 2004 A.D., the winter solstice occurs in the constellati
on Orion. At the time of the Vedic hymns the winter solstice was in the constell
ation Pisces indicating that the earth's axis has rotated by a quarter of a circ
le, or 90 degrees, corresponding to 11,500 years before present or 9,500 B.C. Ag
ain, the Mahabharata took place during a period when the winter solstice was in
the constellation Prajapati or Taurus, which is 30 degrees deviation from Mriga
or Orion. The Mahbharata war took place 5,000 years ago with a change in positio
n by a deviation of 30 degrees; therefore 90 degrees deviation from the constell
ation Pisces, indicate that the Vedic hymns are 15,000 years old or the Vedic ag
e to be 13,000 B.C. However, the general consensus among Indian scholars is to c
onsider the Harappa -Mohenjodaro culture, which dates back to 4,000 B.C., to be
a later phase of the Vedic culture. This might very well place the age the Rgved
a as early as 10,000 B.C.
But in the final analysis it has to be admitted that the Veda s offer amazing we
alth of both scientific as well as spiritual wisdom for the proper development o
f human life and the time period of their revelations to the early Vedic Rishis
is of no consequence.
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Lecture 18
ANCIENT MATHEMATICAL SUTRAS AS EXPLAINED BY SWAMI SRI BHARATI KRISHNA TIRTHAJI M
AHARAJ, SANKARACHARYA OF GOVARDHANA MUTT, PURI
Prof. C. Santhamma
Abstract
Jagadguru Sankaracharya of Puri Peetham, Sri Bharati Krishna Tirtha Swamiji has
enunciated 16 Main Sutras and 13 Upa Sutras in the field of Vedic Mathematics. T
hese Sutras are based on the concepts that the solution of any problem lies in t
he problem itself, every problem has certain symmetry or an asymmetry and that a
problem can be solved by mental working with minimum complications etc.
The 16 Main Sutras : 1. Ekadhikena Purvena 2. Nikhilam 3. Urdhva Tiryagbhyam 4.
Paravartya Yojayet 5. Sunyam Samyasamuccaye. 6. Anurupye Sunyamanyat 7. Sankalan
a vyavakalanabhyam 8. Puranapuranabhyam 9 Calana Kalanabhyam 10. Yavadunam 11. Vyast
isamastih 12. Sesanyankena Caramena 13. Sopantya dvayamantyam 14. Ekanyunena Purve
na 15. Gunitasamuccayah 16. Gunaka samuccayah
The 13 Upa Sutras : 1. Anurupyena 2. Sisyate Sesasamjnah 3. Adyamadyenantya mantyena
4. Kevalaih Saptakam Gunyat 5. Vestanam 6. Yavadunam Tavadunam 7. Yavadunam Tav

adunikritya Varganca Yojayet 8. Antyayordasakepi 9. Antyayoreva 10. Samuccayagun

itah 11. Lopanasthapanabhyam 12. Vilokanam 13. Gunitasamuccayah Samuccayagunitah
.
The work is divided into 7 Main Headings
I) Multiplication (numbers and polynomials)
II) Division (numbers and polynomials)
III) Equations
Simple, Multiple, Simultaneous, Quadratic Simultaneous Quadratic,
Cubic and higher order. Squares, Cubes and Higher expansions, Square roots, Cub
e roots and Higher order roots.
All the above details are already published in 4 volumes.
IV) Recurring Decimals & Auxiliary Fractions and HCF
V) Divisibility
Simple and Complex Multiplex Osculators
VI) Applications of the sutras in the study of Power Series (e x , log x, Trigon
ometric expressions etc) and
VII) in the study of the Solutions of Linear and Non linear differential, Partia
l Differential and Integral calculus.
From a comparative study of the techniques based on Vedic Sutras with those of m
odern mathematics, it is clearly shown that many mathematical problems can be so
lved with ease and elegance, using Swamiji's principles of Vedic Mathematics. Co
mputerisation of the techniques based on these Sutras is in progress
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Lecture 17
THE IMPACT OF FOOD AND 'LIFESTYLE' ON PERFORMANCE - SUGGESTIONS FROM GITA AND YO
GA SUTRAS
Dr T.S.Ramakrishna
Abstract
All of us in general wish to do well or perform well. But the final product of p
erformance depends on our food and 'lifestyle' or attitude towards life. Accordi
ng to Bhagavad Gita, food is divided into three types- Satvik, Rajasik and Tamas
ic. Satvik foods like fruits, milk, fresh vegetables etc. are easily digestible,
leave no bad effects behind and make a man sober, contended, and blissful. Raja
sic foods are hot, spicy, sour, salty etc. and breed ego, passion, greed, jealou
sy etc. Finally Tamasic foods are those that are stored, stale, polluted foods u
nfit for offering to others or discarded foods. These foods breed lethargy, igno
rance, and foolhardiness. One of three always overpowers the other two and affec
t our performance. Good food habits breed equanimity, equanimity breeds contentm
ent, contentment breeds sacrifice, sacrifice breeds fraternity and fraternity br
eeds peace.
Modern food habits put a lot of burden on body and mind and breed enormous desir
es. Desire breed selfishness, selfishness breeds frustration, frustration breeds
hatred and violence. Local foods, fruits etc. are believed to be better suited
to the body than far-fetched counterparts. But nowadays with the globalisation o
f culture we have started eating foods that actually do not suit our body and mi
nd. Armchair employees should avoid heavy non-vegetarian foods. Natural foods ar
e always considered superior to synthetic foods and genetically modified (GM) fo
ods, whose effects on the body are still not clearly understood. Bad foods upset

the rhythm of the body and adversely affect the performance of a person.
Man's extraordinary powers are well known in India and even the developed world
also is trying to investigate the supernatural. This forms the Rajayoga , which
declares that man is only a conduit for Infinitive Ocean of knowledge and power
that lies behind mankind. Sage Patanjali who has written the 196 yoga sutras, is
the highest authority on 'Rajayoga'. These aphorisms are divided into four chap
ters titled Samadhi Pada (Concentration 1), Sadhana Pada (Concentration 2), Vibh
uti Pada (Powers) and Kaivalya Pada (Independence). Practice of this Rajayoga eq
uips persons with outstanding abilities and performance.
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Lecture 16
The Glory of Ancient Indian Mathematics
by
Prof. V. Kannan
Abstract
Apart from Vedic mathematics, India's contribution in the field of mathematics i
s world-renowned. Great names in mathematics include Bodhayana, Brahmagupta, Mah
aavira, Bhaskara II, Madhava Parameswara. Brahmagupta who was the head of the as
tronomical observatory at Ujjaini wrote well-known treatises Brahmasphuta Siddha
nta and Khanda Khadyaka. Bhaskaracharya was the author of the famous Bijaganitam
. Unfortunately, many of the discoveries made by the ancient Indian mathematicia
ns and found in older Indian texts, are usually credited to European mathematici
ans but are later recognized to be so by historians and scholars. Six specific i
nstances are chosen here chronologically for mention here.
1
Hypotenuse theorem

Pythagoras(540 B.C.)

Bodhayana(~800 B.C)

2
Area of a cyclic quadrilateral
W Snell (1619),
Brahmagupta(598),
3
Formula for nc r
Herigone(1634),
Mahaavira (9 th century),
4
Power series for tan -1 x
5

James Gregory (1675)

Madhava(1340)

Diaphontine Equations of the form Nx 2 +1 = y 2

John Pell (1685),
Bhaskara II (1150),
6
Circumradius of a cyclic quadrilateral
Lhuiller(1782),
Parameswara(1360),
The contributions of Brhamagupta and Bhaskara in solving the quadratic indetermi
nate equations of the form shown above are unique. In particular Bhaskaracharya
gave an elegant and powerful method called chakravalam , to construct an auxilia
ry equation that provides a crucial step in obtaining a solution.
In addition to the above, there are contributions of ancient Indians in many bra
nches of mathematics such as 1) Number systems 2) Geometry 3) Arithmetics 4) Alg
ebra 5) Trigonometry 6) Astronomy 7) Binary Arithmetic and 8) Combinatorics. Gli
mpses of their actual contribution will be given, quoting from the original pass
ages of older texts wherever necessary.
Now there is a general recognition of the achievements of early Indians by other
s throughout the world. In support of this, some extracts are presented from the
works of scientists and mathematicians like Albert Einstein and Laplace, and al
so from the works of historians and scholars like W W Hunter, Thibaut and Weber
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Lecture 15
PANCHATKARMA- THE AYURVEDIC TECHNIQUE OF REJUVINATING THE BODY
by
Dr. K.V.Rajagopalan
Abstract
The science of Ayurveda stands on the foundations of Panchamahabhhootas and Trid
oshas . The five mahabhootas, prithvi (earth) ap (water) tejas (fire) , vayu (wi
nd), akasa (space) and tri doshas vata, pitta and kapha are the basic elements w
hich are responsible for the existance of living beings as well as their conditi
ons of health and disease. While the mahabhootas are the physical basis of the b
ody, the tridoshas are their biological representatives responsible for prakriti
(physoiological function) and vikruti (pathaological disorders).
The definition of health according to A yurveda is given by the sloka
Samadosha samagnischa samadhath malakriya

Prasannath mandriamana swastha ethyabhideeythe

ie when the tridoshas are in equilibrium, once digestive fire is normal, when th
e sapta dhatus like rasa (plasma) rakt a (blood), mamsa (flesh), medas (fat tiss
ue), asthi (bone), majja (bone marrow), sukra (semon) are in equilibrium, when t
he excretory system (discharge of urine, stool, sweat) is functioning properly,
then ones soul, mind and organs are in peaceful condition and one is told to be
healthy. Any imbalance of the above is called dis-ease.
Ayurvedic treatment is mainly divided into samtarpana and apatarpana . While sam
tarpana is nourishing treatment, apatarpana is again divided into three types na
mely samana (treatment with medicine), sastrapranidhana (surgery) and sodhana (c
leaning). This sodhana is what is called Panchakarma, the five types of actions
for cleaning the body. The pancha karmas are vamana (emisis), virechana (purging
), nasya (errhine), vasti (enema) and raktamoksha ( letting out impure blood).
Stomach is the root cause of most of the diseases because of bad and untimely fo
od regimen, external factors, which lead to the accumulation of toxins in the bo
dy. Ayurveda treats the body as a porous sponge wherein the causative factors of
disease can migrate from one part of the body to the adjoining parts or extremi
ties and manifest there. Cleaning of this porous body by various techniques is c
alled pancha karma. Pancha karma itself has to be preceded by what is called poo
rvakarma (prior action) involving snehana and swedana , which bring out the dise
ase from various hiding places in the body out in to the accessible regions. Sne
hana or oleation is lubricatiung the system by using unctuous substances like oi
l, ghee etc. externally and internally. Swedana is sweating induced by massage,
steam bath etc. Ayurvedic treatment was also divided by the ancient masters as p
acificatory and purificatory. While pacification is a temporary cure with the po
ssible recurrence of the disease, purification is a permanent method of treatmen
t and Panchakarma does this.
Among the panchakarmas, Vamana is indicated mainly for kapha dosha while Virecha
na is indicated for pitta dosha. Vasti is indicated for all vata diseases and re
vives ojah (power) and rejuvenates the body. Nasya is indicated for all diseases
above the neck whereas Raktamoksha is indicated for diseases associated with ac
cumulation of impure blood as in the case of eczema, varicose, migraine. Panchak
arma helps cure even chronic diseases.
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LECTURE 14
THERAPEUTIC VALUE OF MUSIC
by
Prof. Nukala China Satyanarayana

Abstract
There is a consensus among ancient thinkers all over the world that Cosmic Sound
Energy is the source of all creation in the Universe. The sacred word ' Om ' or
pranava is the fundamental sound and all sounds - music or talk - are manifesta
tions of this cosmic energy or supreme consciousness. In fact this consciousness
has two states, one is energy ( Shakti ) and the other is form ( Siva ). This e
nergy is present in inanimate objects also, which can be easily understood from
the atomic structure of the matter.

Sound is classified as anahatam the inaudible and ahatam the audible. Music (or
even talk) involves four stages, para, pasyanti, madhyama and vaikhari. Para is
unmanifest fluid state. This transforms into pasyanti, the vibratory state. Thes
e vibrations are organised in the state of madhyama. Finally they manifest in th
e audible form in the state of vaikhari. This entire process takes only microsec
onds. Lingering and haunting music in the mind is anahatam while what is audible
or ahatam is nadam . Nadam is manifest as various ragas . Any sound produces sy
mpatheitc reactions in all living organisms.
The secret power of music is being recognised even in the western countries. Anc
ient Indians and even Chinese believed that audible sound is not only capable of
influencing the mind and emotions of man but literally shaping and changing phy
sical events taking place within the world. Music is also believed to aid in rai
sing the vibration or spiritual frequency of the body itself, beginning the proc
ess of transformation of matter into spirit. The traditional bhajans ( group sin
ging of devotional songs), which are believed to be great relievers of stress be
sides having curative power, are based on this concept.
Difference in pitch results in microtones or Srutis. There are 7 tones, 12 semit
ones and 22 quartertones. A group of microtones becomes a quartertone or semi to
ne or tone. A combination of various tones becomes a raga. Different ragas produ
ce different emotions, principally the nava rasas. All the soft emotions like tr
anquility, serenity etc. are produced by flat semitones or komala swarasthanas .
The ragas todi, bhairavi etc come under this category. T eevra swarasrthanas ar
e a result of sharp semitones and produce robust feelings, , spirited and enthus
iastic activity and remove dullness. kalyani , mohana etc come under this class.
There are also ragas of a mixed kind called komala-teevra swarasthanas, which a
re a combination of the first two. Mayamalavi gouda, subhapantu karali etc. belo
ng to this type. Music of a particular raga can be effectively used for bringing
requisite effects in the patients. For smoothly waking up somebody, bhupala, bh
ouli, revagupta are very useful. Neelambari raga has sleep inducing power. Lulla
bies thus are based on neelambari .
Music can be used either orally or even directly fed to the patient with sensors
, similar to that used in ECG etc. This is useful in the case of patients averse
to music. In summary, music plays a role of a catalyst, in the process of heali
ng, particularly in diseases related to stress and other emotional disturbances.
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Lecture 13
The Effect of Heavenly Bodies on Life on Earth- The Indian Perspective
by
Dr.C.V.B.Subramanayam
Abstract
Jyotisshastram mahapunyam
Pratyakshamapi gopitam
Chandrarkou sakshinautatra
Srouta smartadi sadhanam
The Ancient Indian Science of Jyotisha (which is roughly translated as

Astrology

trongly believes that the Sun as well as its planets strongly affects life on Ea
rth directly as well as indirectly. The Science of Jyotisha is in fact one of th
e six branches called Vedangas whose knowledge is a pre-requisite to the study o
f the sacred Vedas- the oldest and most revered treasure of knowledge humans had
ever known. It is a great tragedy that while this science is being researched s
eriously in developed countries like the United States, Germany etc., in India,
the country of its very origin, it does not get the due respect, particularly fr
om the westernised intellectuals .
While the modern sciences is constrained by the limits of accuracy and resolutio
n of experimental verification, Vedic sciences go much beyond by the sheer thoug
ht process of the human being. Further, just as in other sciences, there are thr
ee main branches in Astrology called Siddhanta (Theory) Hora (personal predictio
n) and Samhita (general prediction). Failures in personal prediction should be v
iewed in the same way as failures
for example- in drilling for natural resources
or predicting earthquakes or even in reviving a sick man to normal health, whic
h is quite common. Also it is clear from the sloka (poem) above that the purpose
of the Jyotisha is much above the short-term predications that people indulge i
n.
Parasara Hora (the work of Sage Parasara) is the most popular and widely followe
d text for Jyotisha. The Indian astrology deals with only five of the nine plane
ts in the Solar system (excluding Earth, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto) but includes
the Sun (although a star), the Moon (although a satellite of Earth) and two sha
dow planets called Rahu and Ketu, forming again navagrahas, the nine heavenly bo
dies. It also deals with 27 stars, which fall into twelve Zodiacal signs. Each o
f these nine planets and zodiacal signs have a specific effect or contribution to
life on Earth due to the interaction of cosmic energy with bio energy of the hum
an being. Each of these planets is also identified with a precious stone, a meta
l, colour, particular part of the body etc.
The lecture will elaborate on the effects of the heavenly bodies not only on hum
ans but also on other living organisms, natural phenomenon like climate, hurrica
nes, earthquakes, even growth of crops and price fluctuation of commodities.
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****************
Lecture 12
Discovery of Bioactives From Taditional Indian Drugs- New opportunities and Rece
nt Successes (NOVEL NATURAL DRUGS- A UNIQUE INDIAN DISCOVERY PROGRAMME)
by
Dr K V Raghavan, FNAE
Abstract
Scientist in Director s Grade & Former Director, Indian Institute of Chemical Tech
nology, Hyderabad 500 007. The Indian pharmaceutical industry is quite vibrant b
ut depends primarily on manufacture and formulation of molecules discovered else
where. From 2005, product patents in India will be promoted, thus, restricting t
he manufacture of recently introduced drugs in the world. This would adversely i
nfluence the role played by India in the international healthcare. The obvious s
olution for India would be to discover new molecules, new drug delivery systems
and new formulations. However, the discovery and commercialization of a new mole
cule requires more than 10 years and costs around 800 million dollars.

The foundations and principles of healthcare are well enshrined in ancient India
n scriptures. Indian sages propagated a holistic vision of health carrying the p
hilosophy of health beyond the currently held vision of physical, mental and soc
ial well being. The ISM is, thus, endowed with a wealth of knowledge created thr
ough observation, sustained practice and well-conceived principles. Realizing th
is potential and to overcome the major constraints of time and costs of modern d
rug discovery and yet India discovering new therapeutics for world healthcare on
as sustained basis, the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), wit
h its 38 laboratories located all over India, developed and followed a special s
trategy based on pooling of scientific strengths and resources.
The CSIR Coordinated Programme (CCP) has no parallel in the world in terms of it
s size, diversity and access to talent and resources. While most of the drug res
earch programmes elsewhere in the world have basic objective of validating the t
raditional knowledge in terms of modern science, the CCP has moved one step forw
ard by focusing its attention on designing and developing totally new herbal for
mulations as well as single molecules or their synergistic combinations for glob
al drug market. Another unique feature of CCP is subjecting all bioresources inc
luding traditional drug preparations to biological screens for 18 diseases irres
pective of whether they were reported to possess such activities. This approach
has helped to unravel the unknown strengths of ISM drugs in terms of their multi
ple activities. The CCP has also shown the commitment and faith of Indian govern
ment in the combined wisdom of its scientific institutions and traditional schoo
ls of Indian medicines. At attempt is being made to highlight the activities and
achievements of CCP in this presentation
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Lecture 11
Bharadwaja s Vimana Sastra- Ancient Aerospace Technology
by
Dr. C.S.R.Prabhu,
Sr.Technical Director,National Informatics Centre, Hyderabad
Abstract
The lecture focuses on the Bharadwaja Vimana Shastra otherwise known as Vaimanik
a Prakarana of Yantra Sarvasva by Bharadwaja , as dictated by Pandit Shri Subbar
aya Shastry during 1911
1922.
The Vimana Shastra is a treatise on aerospace technology of ancient India. It al
so deals with the layers of atmosphere, routes in space, space phenomena (such a
s meteors), rocket propulsion, etc. The text deals in detail with metallurgy, gi
ving the procedures for preparation for more than 100 materials of various categ
ories such as alloys, ceramics, glasses, etc. It also deals extensively with mec
hanisms of flight and also jet propulsion, using nozzle for steam and gas. It al
so deals with solar and chemical sources of energy. It deals with more than 30 y
antras or mechanical and electrical systems and instrumentation, which can be us
ed, in the Vimana for various purposes. Some of these yantras are known today in
modern technology but many of these yantras are not known today in modern techn
ology. They depict an advanced technological infrastructure and practice. For ex
ample, there is a yantra on ranging of underground objects from space. There is
a description of Triupura Vimana, a craft that can travel in three different med
ia viz. water, land and space. Some people including the speaker have taken up e
xperimental investigations into the veracity of technology described in Vimana S

hastra. Some of the of the materials have been successfully produced in laborato
ry and they have been characterized to possess properties matching the descripti
on in the text and surprisingly not known in the same form in the modern technol
ogy. This gives the strength of the veracity to the text with material evidence.
All these issues will be presented in the lecture.
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Lecture 10
Sustainable Agricultural Development Based on Vedic Concepts and Literature
by
Dr. Y. L. Nene
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture should involve successful management of resources for agr
iculture to satisfy changing human needs while maintaining or enhancing the qual
ity of the environment and conserving natural resources.
Vedas represent knowledge. Orginally we had three Vedas: Rigveda, Yajurveda, and
Samveda. The fourth Veda, Atharvaveda, was added later. Each of the Vedas has t
wo distinct parts: the Mantra or Samhita and Brahmana. Ayurveda is the science o
f health or medicine, and is regarded as a supplement to Atharvaveda. Vrikshayur
veda is the science of plant health and medicine .
There are several references to agriculture in the Vedas. Some of the relevant c
oncepts revealed are: (i) humans are a part of the complex universe and intimacy
of humans with nature is a matter of great joy, (ii) natural forces and humans
should exist in harmony, (iii) respect for animate and inanimate objects, leadin
g to conservation practices and judicious management, (iv) gratitude to all usef
ul objects, (v) guests are to be treated as gods, (vi) reconciliation between co
nflicting ideologies of materialism and spiritualism, and (vii) recycling of mat
ter.
Some of the ancient texts containing Vedic thoughts are: Rigveda, Krishi-Parasha
ra, Kautilya s Arthashastra, Manusmriti, Agnipurana, Brhat-Samhita by Varahamihira
, Kashyapiya-Krishisukti, and Vrikshayurveda by Surapala.
The speaker will cite information from the Vedic texts to support the conclusion
that it is possible to ensure sustainable agriculture in future through Vedic c
oncepts.
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****************
Lecture 9
Vedic Ecology
by
Dr. B.Laxmi
Abstract

Ecology is the science of interdependence of all living organisms on the Earth a

nd also with the environment around them. When we talk of ecology what immediate
ly comes to the mind is the modern science of ecology, which is among the younge
st of modern sciences. Contrary to this, Vedic ecology is one of the oldest scie
nces and in practice for several millennia. Broadly the differences between Vedi
c ecology and modern ecology can be summarized as follows:
Vedic Ecology Modern Ecology
Very ancient
Recent origin
Highly advanced
Developing stage
Unique Non-unique, contradicts with So called development
Balance is automatically achieved
Special efforts are required
Very cheap
Very expensive
The Indians trace all the knowledge under the sun to the Supreme. The ancient In
dians new that man s performance, efficiency, well-being etc. not only depend on h
is intrinsic qualities but also on his environment. This environment is largely
dependent on the nature of the soil, air and water, which in turn control the fl
ora and fauna of the region around him.
The numerous Indian rituals, festivals, etc. are all aimed at preserving the eco
logy. There is tremendous amount of science in these apparently routine practice
s. For example: when you perform yagjna and offer into the sacred fire, oblation
s of ghrita (ghee) and other substances, they invigorate the atmosphere and lead
to rejuvenating rain and warm rays, light, vigor, vitality and life as a whole.
The original practices followed on the days of festivals like Sankranti, Ugadi,
Holi, Ganesh Chaturdhi, Deepavali etc. have specific eco friendly purposes. The
author explains in detail the wonderful concepts behind the ancient Indian ecol
ogical practices.
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Lecture 8
VEDAS AND COMPUTERS
by
Shri. RVSS Avadhanulu,
Deputy Director(Computers)
Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences
Hyderabad
Abstract
The seers and sages of this holy land sacrificed their lives and passed on to us
the Vedas and Sastras, which constitute the invaluable treasure of eternal know
ledge, useful for both the temporal and spiritual worlds.
Several scholars of western hemisphere admired the advances made by India based
on Vedas in ancient times. This has been a source of inspiration for many to stu
dy the Vedic sciences from a modern viewpoint. A step in this direction is the s
tudy of Mimamsa Nyaya Prakasa.
It was noticed that several scientific aspects of computer software are embedded
in Vedas and Sastras almost in the same form. The approach of compilers in tran
slating the statements of computer languages is found to closely follow the appr
oach of Mimamsa in its Vakyartha vicarana.

It is also observed that certain aspects, which are well established in Mimamsa
are not yet implemented in computers. The work on Vedas and Computers is a humbl
e beginning in the direction of highlighting the parallels of both the systems a
nd exploring the utility of Vedic system for furtherance of modern computer tech
nology.
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Lecture 7
SOME GEOSCIENTIFIC TRADITIONS IN SANSKRIT LITERATURE
by
Dr.Srinivas Madabhushi
Abstract
The RgVeda, one of the oldest literary works of the entire humanity and the prou
d possession of ancient Indians, handed over as a heritage from generation to ge
neration by oral tradition, contains an amazing range of scientific wisdom.
The 'nasadiya' sukta of tenth mandala of RgVeda is famous for both the scientifi
c and philosophical concepts it reflects. While the Kant-Laplace hypothesis of t
he formation of the Universe is reflected in the first few stanzas, the unparall
eled philosophical concept 'so anga veda yadi va na veda' (Whether the Supreme S
oul knows or not that the creation is going on around him). The na asat na sat i
s reflective of zero state or total single black hole concept. From this state t
he next stage of ambhas is formed because of the will of the Super Soul, which i
s a motionless, dark collection of fluid particles representing the electron clo
ud. In it motion was induced by the will of the Supreme Soul.
The concept of earth as a three layered sphere in the Sathapatha Brahmana, - agn
i garbha iyam vai prthvi; tritha lika, angina, prthivya, oshadhibhi' meaning the
earth has a hot interior and it has three layers the hot layer, the lithosphere
and the biosphere is wonderful. The 'apam napat' of the second mandala of RgVed
a describes a form of fire whose description tallies only with the 'mid-oceanic
ridge lava' (sanu or a ridge). It is in the deep depths of the Ocean into which
the rivers either individually or joining together flow. It comes out from the w
omb of the earth. It energizes waters and gets energized by them. It is golden h
ued and golden coloured and sustains life.The first sukta of Rgveda itself addre
sses the god of fire Agni as ratnadhatamam i.e. the bestower of gems. How can Ag
ni give out gems? This expression reflects the fact that the ancient Indian wisd
om is aware of the role of fire (temperature) in the formation of gems. The 14th
Century Vagbhata's Rasaratna samucaya, written at a time, which was considered
as a dark age for the development of geology in Europe, has systematic classific
ations of ores. The classification of Iron Ore and Mica is very interesting and
can act as a model for modern mineralogy. The dravaka loha is not known to moder
n science. Similarly the emerald gem with anti-snake poison qualities is not yet
known to modern world.
The concepts of the astrology of Varahamihira that the scientists even if they a
re mlechas are to be treated as rishis as a token of respect to their knowledge
is a torchbearer to the scientific methodology of universal erudition.The chapte
r on udakargaladhyaya i.e. 'ground water exploration' in his Brhat Samhita is no
t only worth a study by the students of geology, ecology and environmental scien
ce etc. Another exciting chapter in Brhat Samhita is that on Bhukampalakshanadhy

aya, i.e. the Chapter on Earthquakes. The concepts on earthquakes attributed to

four great rishis correlate with the modern concepts as under:
Name of Rishi
Ancient concept
Modern concept

Kaasyapa
Earthquakes are caused by the great aquatic force
Mid oceanic ridge lava and plated movements
Vasishta
Collision of the terrestrial and celestial winds.
Moon's perigee, Jupiter's position, sun spots
Garga
movement of the elephants, which hold the earth in position.
The accumulation of stress and balancing by release
Vrddha Garga
unknown causes.
Unknown causes like Dams and ground water
Varahamihira identifies four seismological zones. The seismological zones when
plotted on a map show a correlation with modern zones of high seismicity in the
Himalayan region. When the directions suggested by names of the seismological z
ones of Varahamihira are plotted at their respective locations, they show positi
ve correlation with the modern stress zones. This data supplements modern data
in gap areas like the India-Nepal border.
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Lecture 6
WILL SCIENCE COME TO AN END?

by
Shri. Nanduri Sai Prasad
Abstract
As scientists are working in narrower and narrower fields they often loose sight
of totality of "science knowledge". Science, obviously, cannot exist in bits an
d pieces and each piece claiming itself representing the true science. This is w
hy the goal of science is to unify the forces of nature and arrive at a single f
orce or law that can explain everything in this universe, right from the inner w
orking of atoms up to the cosmos. This single law must also explain the origin a
nd evolution of life and consciousness
Modern Science, which was born only about three four centuries ago has seen trem
endous growth till date and has been so inseparably twined with the present day
society in all walks of life. This is in spite of the fact that the present day
science is plagued with innumerable problems like indeterminism, irreversibility
, uncertainty, nonlinearties catastrophes, chaos, complexity, speed barrier, ent
ropy barrier, information barrier and language barrier.
On the technological front, the situation is quite alarming as no technology see
ms to be economical taking into account the real costs and environmental conside
rations. Today the machine age, faced with resistance from the environment, is s
creeching to a halt. The decline of the industrial era may soon force us to conf
ront the painful limitations of the mechanical model of reality. Moreover, no te
chnology can be considered to be harmless if we are concerned with the health of
our fellow citizens.
Fundamental theories that might be evolved in future are unlikely to generate te
chnology spin-offs in proportion to the knowledge they are likely to produce. As
a consequence, in commercial and economic terms, politicians may discourage inv
estments in fundamentals sciences. Well before the first quarter of 21st century
, the environmental problems coupled with shortages in food, water and oil, and
pursuance of survival strategies will take precedence over fundamental science.
As a result, scientists will be spending their entire time and energy in solving
the environmental problems coupled with survival needs of an ever-increasing wo
rld population. There will be no time or resources left for the scientists to pu
rsue fundamental science.
For a complex system like our universe, the whole is more than the sum of its in
dividual components and hence studying part-by-part may not lead to complete kno
wledge about our universe. Furthermore, trying to predict the behavior of a syst
em, as complex as our universe, while carrying out the predictions from inside t
hat system is a self-defeating task.
Biological systems are also complex systems. For example, in humans, the protein
cytochromec has a chain of 104 amino acids, which is pretty short by the protei
n standards. Even so its folded three-dimensional structure is very complex and
unless the scientists get it right the organism won't work properly. Understandi
ng all the possible configurations of this simple protein structure might take b
illions of years using a super - computer.
Lastly environmental and ecological degradation caused by the application variou
s technologies might force the future scientists to devote their entire time and
resources for solving the environmental problems having no resources or time fo
r the pursuit of fundamental science.
It seems highly improbable that the empirical science in the present form, with
so many inherent limitations, would be able to comprehend the reality.

It is amazing that the industrial civilization, which has been so attractive and
inevitable for the exploding population of the world, may come to a grinding ha
lt. If civilizations like India have survived several millennia, it is solely be
cause of the Brilliant vedic wisdom, which has provided with the best possible e
quation between man and nature. Here is an opportunity for every thinking Indian
to dig up the great ancient Indian Wisdom not only for the benefit of his own c
ountry but also to help the world in the preservation of life on this planet.
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Lecture 5
BIO VEDIC THERAPY
by
Dr. B.Lakshmi
Abstract
Since the dawn of civilization mankind has been using one form or the other of t
reating illness and recovering health. We are aware of some of the popularly use
d systems of medicines like allopathy, homeopathy, ayurveda, unani etc. But ther
e are other exciting ways of treating disease of a human body. Actually the huma
n body is enveloped by a number of sheaths that are grouped into the physical pl
ane, astral plane and spiritual plane. In the modern system of the medicine only
the physical body is cured and that is how we find people suffering from diseas
es beyond the diagnosis and beyond the detect ability of the modern medicine. Th
e biotherapy is based on the fact that each living system is associated with cer
tain amount of bio energy, which is in turn related to the cosmic energy in the
universe. In the West this biotherapy includes techniques like flower therapy, c
olor therapy, acupuncture, radionics etc.
According to ancient Indian Sciences different types of bio energy control the S
ookshma Sareera. Interestingly every Indian custom, festival, ritual is based on
advanced scientific wisdom in preserving and promoting not only the health of t
he individual but also all living beings around him and the Nature itself. It is
interesting that the various kinds of bio energies, their deficiencies are anal
ogically related to certain Goddesses and corresponding flowers (bio vedic flowe
r therapy). The diseases caused by the deficiency/imbalance of a person's bioene
rgy are balanced by administering water processed by the particular flower.
Another interesting aspect of this bioenergy is its three dimensional polarity top to bottom, front to back and left to right. Change in this polarity may cau
se disease. This is remedied by various orbiting techniques, like moving clockwi
se, around oneself, around a cow, around particular types of trees as well as ar
ound deities in temples, all of which are associated with typical bio energies.
Bio Vedic therapy is a therapy to treat bio energy (Prana) of the body with diff
erent concepts mentioned in Vedic Scriptures. In fact the ancient scriptures hav
e set up guidelines to maintain good health rather than cure a disease. Health a
ccording to the ancient scriptures was always referred to a holistic health incl
uding physical, mental, emotional health leading to a blissful. In rituals every
god and goddess is represented by a particular plant and offered a particular f
ood so the plant representing that particular god or goddess will balance the pa
rticular force or energy in our body or nature. For example the astamatrikas Brh
mi, Maheswari, Kumari, Vaishnavi, Varahi, Mahendri, Chamundi, Sivadooti, they co
ntrol the nature of Kama Krodha lobha moha madha mastharaya damba and darapa. So

these emotions are controlled by above plants representing the deities and rest
ore the health.
The concept of bio energies is gaining increasing acceptance among the modern Sc
ientists. Our physical body (Sthula Sareera) is controlled by subtle or astral b
ody (Sookshma Sareera). The later is the repository of pure vibrant vitality is
life force, which is called bio energy. The physical body has 64 components comp
rising five sense organs, five organs of action, five elements made up of earth,
water, fire, ether, air and mind which coordinates the rest of the organs. The
subtle body is also composed of all these 16 components but on a subtle level. W
ithin the subtle body a more subtle body called casual body exists which is comp
osed, besides the five tanmantras or sensely organs. The ego and the intelligenc
e. When a disease is manifested in the physical body due to imbalance/deficiency
the balance can be restored by bio therapy, batch flower therapy, bio vedic flo
wer therapy based on the ancient Indian Wisdom including Vedas and other scriptu
res. Obviously these are all directly or indirectly related to the universal cos
mic energy.
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Lecture 4
PAST LIFE REGRESSION
by
Dr. K. Newton
Abstract
The great Saint and Scholar Adi Sankara said in his Bhaja Govindam
Punarapi Jananam Punarapi Maranam
Punarapi Janane Jathare Sayanam
Which highlights the truth of rebirth after death and the repetition of this pro
cess over and over again. While there is no doubt about this concept in the Indi
an mind, psychiatrists in the West like Bruce Goldberg, Brian Weiss etc personal
ly studied and experienced the concept of rebirth to be true. The latter is also
the author of one of the best selling books 'Many lives, Many Masters'. It is b
eing scientifically proved that the present day physical and mental health probl
ems of an individual are directly related to the past actions (Karmas) of an Ind
ividual. Thus by taking the patient into his/her past life one can effectively c
ure many chrominic diseases, phobias etc. This is called past life regression. I
n this technique the client is taken to deep levels of relaxation through approp
riate suggestions and by inducing a trance. In this state of deep altered consci
ousness, it is possible for the patient to access past memories, which are other
wise inaccessible. The past life memories are well preserved in the subconscious
mind, which can be triggered during the relaxation process either by hypnotic o
r non-hypnotic techniques.
In non-hypnotic techniques, the client is taken to the past lives by using affec
t bridge technique, linguistic bridge technique, visual bridge technique, bodywo
rk, Christos technique, dream work, spontaneous recall, meditation etc. Hypnotic
methods are suitable in the case where the client is cooperative. After reachin
g a satisfactory state of altered consciousness, the patient is taken to his chi
ldhood days and gradually down to embrio state. It is in this that flashes of in
ter life events and past life memories flash in the consciousness of the life. T
he technique has been proved successful in several hundreds and thousands cases,
where people shed off their irrational phobias, physical ailments, and emotiona

l distress in the present life. In other cases where miraculous turnabouts did n
ot happen, atleast the sense of acceptance of the present situation has greatly
enhanced. The past life regression technique, which absolutely uses no medicines
, is gaining tremendous popularity and acceptance in the present day stressed up
world.
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Lecture 3
THE ORIGIN AND SUSTENANCE OF LIFE
by
Dr.PBA Venkatacharya
Abstract
The Constitution of Human Body is called Purusha Vichaya. The word Purusha is ho
monymous depending on the contexts. In Ayurveda it means a living human being. A
yurveda is the Science devoted to the consideration of what is good (Hita) bad (
Ahita) to life. The word Vichaya means Analysis. Purusha Vichaya means analysis
of the human being. The human being is described as Tridhatu Purusha comprises
Satva (mind)+ Atma (soul)+Sarira (body)
while Shaddhatuka Purusha comprises five gross elements
(Pancha Bhutas) + Soul
Mind is presumed to be in soul and organs in Pancha Bhutas.According to Nyaya Va
ishesika theory the evolution of Bhutas and Purusha follows as
Akash - Vayu - Agni -- Apaha - prithvi -aushadha - annam --purusha
Deha or sarira (body) is derived from Pancha Bhutas, Ahara is also derived from
Pancha Bhutas. Deha is the combination of the doshas + dhatus + malas. The Dhatu
s are also combination of Bhutas as follows:
Rasa (Apah), Rakta (Tejas + Apah), Mamsa (Prithvi), Asthi (Vayu + Prithvi),
Medas ( Apah + Prithvi), Majja ( Apah), Sukra (Apah).
The Malas again are combination of Bhutas such as Mutra (Apah + Tejas)
Purisha (Prithvi) and Sweda (Apah)
The causes (Hetu) a diseases are Ahara (diet), Vihara(habitat), Abhighat(Injury)
, Manasika(Psychic), Upasargika(infection) , Ritu(Seasonal) , Dustambu(polluted
Water), Desham(regional) and Chikitsa Karma Viparyaya (diseases caused by
wrong treatment)
The principles of treatment are summed up as Nidanena Parivarjan (avoiding causa
tive factors), Sodhana(elimination Of Doshas), Samana(medicinal treatment), Surg
ical measures (Sastra Pranidhaniyam) and Satvavajaya (psychiatry)
The suggestion for good health is given by the sloka.
" Kale hita mita bhoji, Krita chankramanaha
Kramena vamasayeetu,Avidhruta
mutra purishaha Streeshu hitatmanaha
" So-A-Ruk", "So-A-Ruk""
Which means that one who takes, Hita(good) and Mita(limited) ahara in time, take
s proper exercise and rest and has regular excretory functions and free from psy
chic vikaras such as Kama etc. is free from disease.

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Lecture 2
ANCIENT INDIAN METALLURGY
by
Dr. C.S.R. Prabhu
Abstract
India is known to be one of the most ancient sources of knowledge on metallurgy.
Sanskrit literature is replete with extensive descriptions of metallurgical for
mulations of various alloys of basic metals as Copper, Zinc, Iron, Gold and Silv
er. The Vedas, which are the oldest human literature, have extensive references
to Gold and Silver indicating the knowledge of their mining and extraction. The
later Sanskrit texts, some of them specialized texts of metallurgy; describe in
detail the metallurgical processes even for other metals as copper, zinc and iro
n. During medieval period iron and 'Wootz' steel was used for making swords as t
he Damascus Sword whose very special properties are not understood even today. T
he Mehrouli Iron Pillar in Delhi stands today as a homage and evidence to advanc
ed metallurgical practices in the ancient times in India.
Even more mysterious are the descriptions given in the Vimana Shastra, an aerona
utics and rocketry text, for various formulations for a large variety of alloys
used in various parts and assemblies of the Vimana. Some formulations for alloys
given in the Vimana Shastra have been tried out in the laboratory and found to
be novel with interesting and special properties. Some more alloys with 'super a
lloy' properties described in the Vimana Shastra are yet to be deciphered and re
produced. In this lecture the results achieved till now as also the descriptions
of metallurgical processes and formulations for advanced alloys in the Vimana S
hastra are discussed.
The number of formulae for new materials consisting of special alloys, ceramics
and glasses have been deciphered and some of them were actually produced based o
n the formulae from the ancient Sanskrit texts of Vimana Shastra (quoting Lohata
ntra), Amsu Bodhini, Kritaka Vajra Nirnaya, etc., based on the dictations of the
texts and formulae by the Late Pandit Subbaraya Shastri of Anekal (1855 - 1940
A.D).
1. Tamogarbha loha: Already produced in the laboratory, light in weight, black i
n color, found to be resistant to acids. Displayed high level of absorption for
laser light (from red Ruby laser - as observed by Prof. Robert Anderson of San J
ose State University during his visit to India in December 1991). Some chemical
and other properties found to be unique-patentable new alloy. This alloy was use
d in 'Tamo Yantra' in the Vimana Shastra for the purposes of absorption of light
escaping from a photochemical reaction which resulted in absorption of light, t
hereby generating 'darkness'.
2. Pancha Loha (not the Panchaloha for making idols): A copper alloy, which is h
ighly malleable and also highly corrosion resistant to moisture and salt (NaCl)
water. Already produced and characterized to possess golden yellow Color (Hema V
arnam). High machinability and on microstructure analysis found to be single-pha
se alloy with high malleability ('mridulam') and not found listed in ASM Referen
ce (1988).

3. Arama Tamra: A copper alloy zinc, lead and iron of light absorption. Already
produced and possesses golden yellow to reddish tinge. Brittle, light and hard,
on microstructure analysis found to be two-phase alloy. Very hard, Young's modul
us 16.9 (described in Sanskrit text as 'Dridham') not listed in ASM Reference (1
988).
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Lecture 1
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON EARTHQUAKES BASED ON VEDIC SCIENCES
by
Shri. RVSS Avadhanulu
Abstract
Earthquakes are among the greatest natural hazards, which kill thousands of peop
le and render many more homeless and destroy properties worth crores. Unlike cyc
lones and floods, they occur all too sudden and before any precaution can be tak
en. In spite of the several advances claimed, modern science which spends millio
ns of dollars on research on earthquakes is a helpless observer, except for a po
st mortem of the event. It is in this context that one may be benefited by looki
ng into the ancient Indian Vedic Sciences for possible clues on this subject of
predictive seismology. Interestingly, Varahamihira has devoted a chapter on the
signs of earthquakes in his monumental work titled 'Brhat Samhita'. This work is
accessible to the modern scientist among others, by the work of M.Ramakrishna B
hat, which includes an English translation, notes and literary comments on the o
riginal work of Varahamihira. He classified earthquakes into four categories dep
ending on their origin due to wind, fire, rain and underground flow of water, al
l of which are in turn related to heavenly bodies and their movement. It is note
worthy that according to him there will be precursors to the earthquakes a week
in advance. According to Parasara eclipses of the luminaries, unnatural phenomen
on occurring in the planets and special movement of heavenly bodies cause earthq
uakes.
Keeping this in view, in the present study 27 major earthquakes of the last cent
ury distributed all over the globe have been taken up to study the planetary pos
itions at the time of earthquake and Raasi Chakras prepared. Plots have been pre
pared between the positions of Saturn and Moon, Lagna and Moon, Saturn and Sun a
nd Jupiter and Mars, Jupiter and Sun, Saturn and Mars, Saturn and Jupiter and La
gna and Jupiter. Although there is a lot of scatter in most of the plots there i
s a remarkable correlation in the plot between Jupiter and Saturn positions. The
normal probability graph between Jupiter and Saturn showed a remarkable correla
tion. These encouraging results show that it may be worthwhile to pursue further
research on these lines.