LIST OF CATIONS

+1 valence
lithium ion, Li+
sodium ion, Na+
potassium ion, K+
rubidium ion, Rb+
cesium ion, Cs+
francium ion, Fr+

+2 valence
beryllium ion, Be+2
magnesium ion, Mg+2
calcium ion, Ca+2
strontium ion, Sr+2
barium ion, Ba+2
radium ion, Ra+2

+1, +2 valences
mercurous ion, Hg+ or Hg2+2
mercuric ion, Hg+2
cuprous ion, Cu+
cupric ion, Cu+2

+2, +4 valences
plumbous ion, Pb+2
plumbic ion, Pb+4
platinous ion, Pt+2
platinic ion, Pt+4
stannous ion, Sn+2
stannic ion, Sn+4

+1, +3 valences
aurous ion, Au+
auric ion, Au+3
+2, +3 valences
ferrous ion, Fe+2
ferric ion, Fe+3
cobaltous ion, Co+2
cobaltic ion, Co+3
nickelous ion, Ni+2
nickelic ion, Ni+3
manganous ion, Mn+2
manganic ion, Mn+3
chromous ion, Cr+2
chromic ion, Cr+3

+3, +5 valences
phosphorous ion, P+3
phosphoric ion, P+5
antimonous ion, Sb+3
antimonic ion, Sb+5
arsenious ion, As+3
arsenic ion, As+5

Miscellaneous + ions
hydrogen ion, H+
silver ion, Ag+
cadmium ion, Cd+2
molybdenum ion, Mo+2
zinc ion, Zn+2
aluminum ion, Al+3
boron ion, B+3
silicon ion, Si+4

Positive Radicals
ammonium ion, NH4+
methylaminium ion, CH3NH3+
hydrazinium ion, N2H5+
anilinium ion, C6H5NH3+
pyridinium ion, C5H5NH+
hydronium ion, H3O+
sulfonium ion, SO3H+
ethylaminium ion, CH3CH2NH3+

LIST OF ANIONS

Chloride ion, ClHypochlorite ion, ClOChlorite ion, ClO2Chlorate ion, ClO3Perchlorate ion, ClO4-

bromide ion, Brhypobromite ion, BrObromite ion, Br02bromate ion, BrO3perbromate ion, BrO4-

iodide ion, Ihypoiodite ion, IOiodite ion, IO2iodate ion, IO3periodate ion, IO4-

Sulfide ion, S-2

Bisulfide ion, HSSulfate ion, SO4-2
Sulfite ion, SO3-2
Bisulfate ion, HSO4Bisulfite, HSO3Thiosulfate ion, S2O3-2
Tetrathionate ion, S4O6-2

metaarsenite ion, AsO2arsenate ion, AsO4-3

arsenite ion, AsO3-3
biarsenate ion, HAsO4-2
biarsenite ion, HAsO3-2
dihydrogen arsenate ion, H2AsO4dihydrogen arsenite ion, H2AsO3pyroarsenate ion, As2O7-4

nitride ion, N-3

nitrite ion, NO2nitrate ion, NO3-

Phosphide ion, P-3

Phosphate ion, PO4-3
Phosphite ion, PO3-3
Biphosphate ion, HPO4-2
Biphosphite ion, HPO3-2
Dihydrogen phosphate ion, H2PO4Dihydrogen phosphate ion, H2PO4Metaphosphate ion, PO3Pyrophosphate ion, P2O7-4

carbide ion, C-4

carbonate ion, CO3-2
bicarbonate ion, HCO3oxalate ion, C2O4-2
bioxalate ion, HC2O4acetate ion, CH3COO- or C2H3O2benzoate ion, C6H5COOtartrate ion, C4H4O6-2
citrate ion, C3H6O5-3

Bismuthate ion, BiO3-

oxide ion, O-2

Peroxide ion, O2-2
superoxide ion, O2-

Molybdate ion, MoO4-2

Aluminate ion, Al(OH)4Zincate ion, Zn(OH)4-2
Fluoride ion, FHydride ion, H-

cyanide ion, CNcyanate ion, CNOthiocyanate ion, SCNferricyanide ion, Fe(CN)6-3

ferrocyanide ion, Fe(CN)6-4

chromate ion, CrO4-2

dichromate ion, Cr2O7-2
permanganate ion, MnO4manganate ion, MnO4-2
metasilicate ion, SiO3-2
orthosilicate ion, SiO4-2

stannate ion, SnO3-2

stannite ion, SnO2-2

metaborate ion, BO2Borate ion, BO3-3

Formula Writing and Chemical Nomenclature

Basic Rule: Write (and name) the positive portion first
Kinds of names
a. common name
b. systematic chemical name rules set by IUPAC
Rules:
I. Binary compounds
A. Both nonmetals- name the first element + name of the second element ending in ide
Greek prefixes are used
B. Metals + Nonmetals
1. If the metal has a fixed valence name the first element + name of the second
element ending in ide. No prefixes
2. If the metal has a variable valence, specify the valence
a. ous ic system
b. stock system valence is written in Roman numerals
II. Ternary and higher compounds requires familiarization with radicals/polyatomic ions. Follow rule
IB to indicate the valence of the metal
III. Hydrogen-containing compounds/acids in the pure or gaseous state, name them as binary
compounds (IA, no prefixes). When dissolved in water, name them as acids
A Binary acids HX, where X= F, Cl, I, Br, S
Use the prefix hydro- + name of the second element ending in ic + acid
B. Ternary acids HXO, where X = F, Cl, Br, I, N, S, P, C
-ate is changed to ic + acid
-ite is changed to ous + acid
IV. Bases with OHRefer to rule IB
V. Salts
Types of salts
A. normal salt
B. acid salt
C. hydroxyl salt
D. mixed salt

e.g.
e.g.
e.g.
e.g.

NaCl, KBr, Na2SO4

NaHSO4
Mg(OH)Cl
KNaSO4

VI. Hydrates with molecules of water incorporated into the structure of the compound
e.g. CuSO4 5H2O