1.

US vs Abad (1 Phil 437)

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2. People vs Marciada (79 Phil 283) September 18, 1947
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3. Laurel vs Misa (77 Phil 856) January 30, 1947
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4. US vs De Los Reyes (3 Phil 349) February 23, 1904
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5. US vs Dalmacio Lagnason (3 Phil 473) Mar 28, 1904 (GR No 1582)
Nature of the Action:
Material Facts: The defendant, Dalmacio Lagnason, was charged under section 1 of Act
No. 292 with the crime of treason, for leading a band which is constantly armed with object to
establish an independent government.
Issues: W/N the acts of the defendant would fall under levying of
war?
Ruling: The acts committed by the defendant constituted a "levying of war" as that phrase
was understood at the time the act of the Commission was passed
Ratio: The defendant would be clearly guilty of treason and punishable under the first
section of Act No. 292. He was engaged in an attempt to overthrow the Government and was
captured after an armed contest. It matters not how vain and futile his attempt was and how
impossible of accomplishment. The acts performed by him constituted a levying of war
6. People vs Roble (83 Phil 1)
Nature of the Action: Petition for Review
Material Facts: The accused, a Filipino citizen, was charged with treason wherein it is
alleged that during the Japanese occupation he gave aid and comfort to the enemy by
leading raiding parties of Japanese soldiers against the guerilla suspects, and participating in
the torture and killing of those engaged in the resistance movement.
Issues: W/N the vindictive cruelty exhibited by the accused in torturing and
executing the victims would constitute treason with murders.
Ruling: Court held that the accused is only guilty of the crime of treason and not
treason with murders.
Ratio: tortures and murders ascribed to defendant constitute, together with his other acts,
the very elements of the crime of treason with which he is charged, and should, therefore, be
considered as merged in that offense

7. People vs Agoncillo (80 Phil 1)

Nature of the Action: Automatic Review of RTC decision in finding accused
guilty of rape with use of deadly weapon
Material Facts:
Issues:
Ruling: appealed decision of the RTC finding the accused guilty beyond
reasonable doubt of the crime of rape is AFFIRMED. However, the penalty
imposed is MODIFIED to reclusion perpetua, and he is further ordered to pay
the victim for moral and compensatory damages.
Ratio:
8. People vs Paar (alias Teofilo Pajar, alias Ben Pajar) (86 Phil 864)
Nature of the Action: Mandamus
Material Facts: Teofilo Paar is charge in Manila with treason and

prayed that he be assisted in his defense by Andres R.

Camasura who is not a member of the bar. The People's Court
denied the petition.

Issues: W/N the Peoples Court erred in denying the defendant his
choice of representation who is not member of the bar.
Ruling: People court is right in denying the representation of person
not member in the bar.
Ratio: in Manila where there are many members of the bar,

defendants in the People's Court may be assisted only by

members of the bar.
chanro

9. People vs Mangahas (93 Phil 1113)

Nature of the Action: Appeal on lower courts finding that Mangahas
is guilty of contempt of court.
Material Facts: A denunciatory letter signed by Luis Taruc to the President
of the Philippines and Federico Mangahas quoted the letter in an article
published in Tribune, a newspaper of general circulation.
Issues: W/N the portion of Mangahas article constituted contempt of court
Ruling: appealed order is reversed, and the respondent acquitted,
Ratio: It must clearly appear that such publications do impede, interfere with, and
embarrass the administration of justice before the author of the publications should be held
for contempt. [I]n considering the probable effects of the article alleged to be
contemptuous, every fair and reasonable inference consistent with the theory
of defendants innocence will be indulged , and where a reasonable doubt
in fact or in law exists as to the guilt of one of constructive contempt for
interfering with the due administration of justice the doubt must be resolved
in his favor, and he must be acquitted.
10.People vs Perez (83 Phil 314)
Nature of the Action:
Material Facts: Perez was convicted of treason by the People's Court in Cebu City
sentencing the accused to death by electrocution.
The accused commandeered women and said satisfied the lust of Japanese
officers or men whch made their life more pleasant which in effect boosted their spirit.

The defense contended that the deeds alleged committed by the

accused do not constitute treason.
Solicitor General posited and arguest that "to maintain and preserve the
morale of the soldiers has always been, and will always be, a fundamental concern of army
authorities, for the efficiency of rests not only on its physical attributes but also, mainly, on
the morale of its soldiers"
Issues: W/N commandeering of women constitutes treason
Ruling: Commandeering of women is not one of the grounds that
convict a person of treason. Accused is guilty not of treason but of
four separate crimes of rape.
Ratio: As general rule, to be treasonous the extent of the aid and comfort given to the
enemies must be to render assistance to them as enemies and not merely as individuals and
in addition, be directly in furtherance of the enemies' hostile designs
11.People vs Adriano (78 Phil 563)
Nature of the Action: appeal from a judgment of conviction for treason by the
People's Court sentencing the accused to life imprisonment
Material Facts: During the Japanese occupation in the Philippines, accused
Apolinario Adriano who owes allegiance to the United States and the
Commonwealth of the Philippines violated the said allegiance willfully,
criminally, and treasonably when he adhered to the Military Forces of Japan in
a time of war by being a member of Makapili.
The prosecution did not introduce any evidence to substantiate any of the facts alleged
except that of defendant's having joined the Makapili organization
Issues: W/N being a member of Makapili is sufficient in convicting
the accused of the crime of treason.
Ruling: judgment is reversed and the appellant acquitted. membership as a Makapili, as
an overt act, must be established by the deposition of two witnesses. Acts had not been
established by the testimony of two witnesses, and so regarded them merely as evidence of
adherence to the enemy
Ratio: The treason law is severely restrictive that it is so exacting
and so uncompromising in regard to the amount of evidence
12.People vs Godinez (79 Phil 776)
Nature of the Action:
Material Facts: Accused-appellant Jose Luis Godinez was found guilty for the crime of
treason for rendering services to the Japanese Navy as pilot in the Port of Cebu connected
with navigation which demonstrate treasonable adherence to the enemy.
The accused, in his defense, swore that service refusal would
endanger his life and members of his immediate family.
Issues: W/N pilotage service rendered to the enemy constitutes
disloyalty and would then be enough to be guilty of treason.
Ruling: The defendant was absolved. Defendant's disloyal heart or treacherous
mind has not been established beyond reasonable doubt.
Ratio: Mere governmental work under the Japanese regime and
pilotage service may be considered in the same light does not
constitute per se indictable disloyalty.
13.People vs Dizon (84 Phil 48)
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Ruling:
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14.People vs Sison (P.C., 42 OG 748)
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15.Pwoplw vs Agpangan (79 Phil 334)
Nature of the Action:
Material Facts: Appellant is accused of treason committed between
Dec 1944 and Jan 1945 in the Province of Laguna.
Issues:
Ruling:
Ratio:
16.People vs Lansanas (82 Phil 193)
Nature of the Action: Appeal from Peoples Court judgment finding
the appellant guilty of treason with reclusion perpetua and
accessory penalties to pay a fine.
Material Facts: appellant was charged enlisting and serving as

Makapili and accompanied a patrol of Japanese soldiers and

Makapilis to a raid in a barrio in Laguna arresting all the male
inhabitants of the barrio in retaliation for the killing of one of
appellant's companions.

Issues: W/N the accused is guilty of treason for being a Makapili and
witnesses erred in some of the details alleged.
Ruling: Decision is affirmed. Retaliating for the violent death of a
fellow member as an act of defending the Makapili organization is a
positive act in furtherance of its aims and purposes. "
Ratio: Being a member of Makapili is sufficient to prove

appellant's adherence to the enemy, since the purpose for

which the organization was created "to shed blood and
sacrifice the lives of our people in order to eradicate AngloSaxon influence in East Asia"; The fact that witnesses were not
uniform on the points whether or not there were Japanese
soldiers in the raiding party, or whether or not the person
arrested and confined included not only the males but some
women and children, is not sufficient to entirely discredit their
testimony, as the deficiency refers merely to minor details.

17.US vs Magtibay (2 Phil 705)

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18.Go Kim Cham vs Valdez (75 Phil 113)
Nature of the Action: Petition for Mandamus
Material Facts: Peetitioner prays that respondent judge of the lower
court be ordered to continue the proceedings in a civil case which
were initiated under the regime of Rep of the Phil established during
the Japanese military occupation. Respondent judge based its noncognizance of the case from Gen. MacArthurs proclamation
invalidating and nullifying all judicial proceedings and judgments of
the court of the Phil under Phi Executive Commision established
during the Japanese military occupation.
Issues: W/N the CFI of Manila has jurisdiction to continue
proceedings which involves civil rights of the parties under the laws
of the Commonwealth Govt.
Ruling: writ of mandamus was issued, directed to the respondent judge of the Court of
First Instance of Manila, ordering him to take cognizance of and continue to final judgment
the proceedings in civil case No. 3012 of said court.
Ratio: present courts have jurisdiction to continue, to final
judgment, the proceedings in cases, not of political complexion,
pending therein at the time of the restoration of the Commonwealth
Government.
19.People vs Manayao (78 Phil 721)
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20.People vs Bagalawis (78 Phil 174)
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21.US vs Bautista (6 Phil 581) GR No. 2189
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22.US vs Caballeros (4 Phil 350) GR No 1352
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23.People vs Lol-lo (43 Phil 19)
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Ruling:
Ratio: Pirates are in law hostes humani generis. Piracy is a crime not against any
particular state but against all mankind. It may be punished in the competent tribunal of any
country where the offender may be found or into which he may be carried. The jurisdiction of
piracy unlike all other crimes has no territorial limits. As it is against all so may it be punished
by all.
24.US vs Braganza (10 Phil 79) GR No. L-3971
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25.People vs Camerino CA GR No 14207 R (Dec 14, 1956)
Nature of the Action:
Material Facts:

Dominador Camerino and eighty-six others were accused

before the Court of First Instance of Cavite of the crime of
sedition, said to have been committed on or about and during
the period comprised by and between the months of October,
1953, to November 15, 1953 and for sometime prior thereto;
under an information charging conspiracy among the said
accused in having allegedly perpetrated for political and social
ends, insistent, repeated and continuous acts of hate,
terrorism and revenge against private persons, leaders,
members and sympathizers of the Nacionalista Party in the
town of Bacoor, Cavite, and frustrating by force, threats and
violence, and intimidation the free expression of the popular
will in the election held on November 10, 1953.
Issues:
Ruling:
Ratio: