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Entrepreneurship in Greece:
Main trends &
characteristics
Takis Politis
General Director FEIR / IOBE
Structure
Macroeconomic Analysis and Policy Dpt
Research output
Structural characteristics of
employment in Greece
Active Population by labour status (2006)
Greece
Spain
45.6
49.2
42.5
52.8
50.9
48.4
Employment (% of active
pop.)
91.2
91.5
93.5
92.7
94.7
92.3
8.8
8.5
6.5
7.3
5.3
7.7
Unemployment (% of
active pop.)
Italy
Portugal
UK
EU-15
Structural characteristics of
employment in Greece
Active Population by sex
(2006)
Greece
Spain
Italy
Portugal
UK
EU-15
45.6
49.2
42.5
52.8
50.9
48.4
59.1
58.1
59.8
53.5
53.6
55,4
Females (% of active
pop.)
40.9
41.9
40.2
46.5
46.4
44,6
Spain
45.6
49.2
42.5
52.8
50.9
3,3
1,2
2,5
1,4
1,7
8,3
6,9
9,0
6,6
8,0
11,3
13,9
Italy
14,6
Portugal UK
11,3
12,8
EU-15
48.4
5,6
9,3
10,3
36,7
40,6
42,6
42,8
46,1
38,9
35,2
33,6
30,3
33,0
32,6
36,0
1,4
1,8
0,7
1,6
6,0
2,1
Spain
Italy
Portugal
UK
EU-15
98
06
98
06
98
06
98
06
98
06
98
06
Agriculture
17.9
12.0
7.7
4.9
5.8
4.2
13.8
11.9
1.7
1.3
4.7
3.7
Industry
23.2
22.0
30.5
29.5
32.7
29.8
35.1
30.4
26.7
22.0
29.7
26.5
Services
58.9
65.9
61.8
65.6
61.5
66.0
51.1
57.8
71.6
76.7
65.7
69.8
Spain
Italy
Portugal
UK
EU-15
98
06
98
06
98
06
98
06
98
06
98
06
Employees
56.4
63.6
77.2
81.8
71.3
73.4
70.9
75.2
87.3
86.7
83.3
84.1
Employers
7.3
8.2
5.2
5.5
12.4
7.3
6.2
5.5
3.1
3.0
5.6
4.9
Selfemployed
25.0
21.6
14.7
11.1
12.0
17.4
19.7
18.1
9.0
9.8
9.2
9.9
Family
workers
11.3
6.5
2.7
1.4
4.3
1.9
2.3
1.2
0.4
0.3
1.9
1.2
IOBE in GEM
The Greek representative partner in GEM from 2003
Conduct empirical research and preliminary analyses on
raw data
Population telephone survey (2000 people)
36 interviews with countrys experts
The level of the individual: it refers to any attempt to create a new venture,
self employment included.
Main indices:
A 16% of the Greek population 18-64 years old (>1,1 mill. people) were
involved in some kind of entrepreneurial activity (3rd place in Europe)
11.1% in Europe, 10.9% in UK, 14.5% in Ireland
A 7,9% (~500 thuds people) were early stage entrepreneurs (3th place in
Europe)
6.1% in Europe, 5.77% in UK, 7.35% in Ireland
The larger part are nascents (will be entrepreneurs) and not new
entrepreneurs (ventures 3 42 months old)
F ra n c e
S lo v e n ia
S in g a p o re
R u s s ia
F in la n d
M e x ic o
S o u t h A fric a
D e n m a rk
N e th e rla n d s
UK
T u rk e y
L a t v ia
C an ad a
S p a in
Ire la n d
C z e c h R e p u b lic
G re e c e
C ro a t ia
N o rw a y
C h ile
U SA
A rg e n t in a
In d ia
M a la y s ia
Ic e la n d
B ra z il
A u s t ra lia
U ru g u a y
Low/middle growth
countries
T h a ila n d
C h in a
In d o n e s ia
J a m a ic a
P h ilip p in e s
C o lo m b ia
P e ru
Greece: 4th in
Europe
H u n g a ry
45%
G e rm a n y
40%
It a ly
U . A ra b E m ira t e s
35%
Sw ed en
30%
Jap an
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
B e lg iu m
P e rc e n ta g e o f a d u lt p p o p u la t io n b e t w e e n 1 8 - 6 4 y e a rs
Sectoral distribution
(2003-2006)
Extractive
sectors
Industrial
sectors
Business
Services
Consumer oriented
ventures
UK
2,9%
21,7%
39,5%
35,9%
GR
1,7%
27%
10,5%
60,7%
Established UK
9,4%
25,9%
27.4%
37.3%
GR
2,1%
31%
5,5%
61,4%
Early stage
Sector distribution
Sector distribution
Consumer oriented
Consumer oriented
Business Services
Business Services
Transforming
Transforming
Extractive
Extractive
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Demographic characteristics
(2003-2006)
A male, aged 25-44 years old, High School (secondary) graduate
already working either full time or part time.
A 72% of nascent / new entrepreneurs are male
One out of three is 25-34 years old and two out of three are 25-44
year old
Three out of five have participated up to secondary education
~90% are working (full time or part time)
Greece was holding the 2nd lowest place in Europe in female
entrepreneurship (2003-2005)
But in 2006 a 4.7% of female 18-64 y.o. were nascent
entrepreneurs (european average 3.7%)
Still though almost 40% of the female ventures are created out of
necessity (19% in male) and not driven from an effort to exploit an
opportunity
Persistent characteristics
Policy implications
1. Perception of start-up - opportunities
negative
Persistent characteristics
Policy implications
2.
Persistent characteristics
Policy implications
4.
Less innovative and risky ventures: safer but also with smaller impact on the
economy: new ventures are less effective in renewing and upgrading the
productive capacity of the Greek economy compared to other countries.
Persistent characteristics
Policy implications
5.