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20

The following data is given for a pair of spur gears with


full depth involute teeth.
Number of teeth on pinion= 24,
Number of teeth on gear= 56,
Speed of pinion= 1200 rpm,
Module= 3mm,
Face width= 30mm.
Both the gears are made of steel with an ultimate tensile strength of, 600 N/mm2. Using the
velocity factor to account for the dynamic load, calculate
1) Beam strength;
2) Velocity factor; and
3) Rated power that the gears can transmit without bending failure, if the factor of safety is 1.5.
Solution:
Data given:
20
=
full depth involutes,
Number of teeth on pinion (zp) = 24,
Number of teeth on gear (zg) = 56,
Speed of pinion (np) = 1200 rpm,
Module (m) = 3mm,
Face width (b) = 30 mm,
Service factor (Cs) = 1.5,
N

mm2

Ultimate tensile strength (Sut) = 600


.
As both gear and pinion are made of same material, then pinion is a vehicle member. So the
design is based on pinion.
( m)
Let, module
So,

d p m.z p

dp
zp

dg
zg

= 3 24 = 72mm

d g m.z g

= 3 56 = 168mm
(1) Beam strength (Sb):
Sb b m b Y

..

As

Sut 600

200 N
mm2
3
3

20

full depth involute system,

0.912
Y 0.154

z p

0.912

0.154

24

0.154 0.638
0.116

Y 0.364
Sb b m b Y
So, beam strength
200 3 30 0.364
Sb

6480 N

(2) Velocity factor (

Cv

):

v
Pitch line velocity

d p n p
60 1000

72 1200
60 1000

m
v 4.524 s
v

As the pitch line velocity ( ) < 10


Cv
So, Velocity factor,

3
3v

3
3 4.524

Cv

0.3987
(3) Power (P):
Beam strength,

Sb peff . f s

( p eff )

S b 6480

fs
1.5

So, Effective load,


= 4320 N
2n pT
( P)
B
60 1000
Let, Power

( peff )

Effective load

Cs
pt
Cv

pt
So,
0.3987 4320

1.5
Tangential load,
pt
Here,

2T
dp
T

Therefore,

pt 1148.26 N

pt d p
2

1148.26 72
2

T 41337.216 N .mm
From equation number (B);

Cv
p eff
Cs

( P)

2n pT
60 1000

2 1200 41337.216
60 1000

P 5149.58W

P 5.19 KW

EXAMPLE 25-4
A pair of spur gear is to be designed for a machine operating at 240rpm, driven by an 8KW,
1200rpm electric motor. Centre distance between the axis of the gear shaft may be approximately
300mm. Starting torque of the motor may be taken as 150% of the rated torque. Both pinion and
0
gear are made of steel with teeth of 20 pressure angle, full-depth in volute. Specify surface
hardness and hardness of gears. To account for dynamic load, take velocity factor: y= 0.154 0.912
, where z is the number of teeth on gear.
z
SOLUTION:
Machine rpm= 240
Electric motor rpm= 1200
Speed ratio= 5
Say, d p = pitch circle dia. Of pinion
d p = dg

Then, pitch circle dia. Of gear = 5


Center distance= 300mm=

d p+d
2

Or, 600= d p + d g = d p +5 d p
Or, d p =100mm
dg

=500mm

Speed, V=

2 1200 0.1

60
2
3
3+ v

Velocity factor, Cv =

Pt, tangential tooth load =


8000
6.283

Effective load,

3
3+ 6.283

starting torque
rated torque

Service factor, Cs =

= 6.283 m/s

= 1.5

KW 1000
v

= 1273.27 N
Cs
= Pt Cv

peff

= 0.323

1.5
= 1273.27 0.323

= 5913 N

Beam strength, S b = mb b Y
Face width, b = 10m Where, m is module
Lewis form factor Y= y
=

(0.154 0.912
z )

Factor of safety = 2
Sb =
b=

ut
3

peff FOS = 59132 = 11826 N


=

600
3

11826 = bmY b
m

= 200Mpa
= 10m200mY

y=5.913

Module of 4mm can be safely chosen for pinion and gear.


d p = 425=100mm
d g = 4125=500mm

HARDNESS
Taking S w = S b = 11826N
b=10m= 40mm
d p =100mm
Ratio factor, Q =
2125 250

125 25 150

2zg
z g + zb
=

1.667

S b = b d p QK
11826= 401001.667K
Load stress factor, K=

11826
4000 1.667
= 1.773
= 0.16

BHN
100

BHN = 333
Surface hardness is 333 BHN

A pair of straight teeth spur gears, having 20 involutes full depth teeth is to transmit 12 kw at
300r.p.m of the pinion. The speed ratio is 3:1. The allowable static stresses for gear of cast iron
and pinion of steel are ln 60MPa and 105MPa respectively. Assume the following,
Number of teeth on pinion =16
Face width =14times module
4.5
Velocity factor( c v = 4.5+ v ,
0.912
factor Y=0.154 no . of teeth .

v being the pitch the line velocity in m/s:and tooth form

Determine the module face width and pitch diameter of gears, check the gears for wear for
2
2
wear, given =600 MPa ; p =200 kN /mm g =100 kN /mm ,sketch the gears.

Solution:
Given data: =20

OG =60 N /mm
3

P=12kW=12 10 W

OP =105 N /mm

N p=300 r . p . m

T P=16

TG
V.R= T p =3

b=14 m

E p=200 103 N /mm2

CS =600 N /mm2

E g=100 103 N /mm2

Module
We know that pitch line velocity,
V=

D p N P m 16 300
=
=251 mm/s=0.251m/s
60
60

We take from the table C S=1


WT=

P
C S
V
12 103
= 0.251 m 1
47.8 103
N
=
m
4.5
4.5
V= 4.5+ v = 4.5+ 0.251m

We know that form factor for pinion and gear,

and velocity factor

y p=0.154

y g =0.154

0.912
0.912
=0.154
=0.097
Tg
16

0.912
0.912
=0.154
=0.135
TG
3 16

OP y p =105 0.097=10.085
And CG Y G=60 0.135=8.1
Since

is less than ( CG Y G .there for the gear is weaker, now using Lewis

( CG Y G )

equation to the gear, we have


w T = WG .b . .m . yG
47.8 103
4.5
=60
1.4 m m 0.135
m
4.5+0.251 m

1603 m2
= 4.5+0.251 m
4.5+0.251m=0.0335 m

Solving this equation by hit and trial method


We find that
m=5.6 say 6mm.
Face width
We know that face width.
b =14m=14 6=84 mm Ans .
Pitch diameter of gear.
Diameter of the pinion
D p=m .T p=6 16=96 mm Ans
Diameter of gear
D G=m. T G =6 16 mm=288 mm Ans ..
Ratio factor,

2 V . R 2 3
Q= V . R+1 = 3+1 =1.5
And load stress factor,
m2 sin 1
1
+
K=
1.4
EP EG

600 2 sin 20
1
1
+
3
=
1.4
206 10 100 103

=0.44+0.88
N /mm2

=1.32

We know that the maximum limiting load for wear,


w w =D p . b .q .k =96 84 1.5 1.32
=15967N
And tangential load on the tooth
w T=

47.8 10 3 47.8 103


=
m
6
=7967N Ans.....

A reciprocating compressor is to be connected to an electric motor with the help of spur gears.
The distance between the shafts is to be 500mm. the speed of the electric motor is 900 r.p.m. and
the speed of the compressor shaft is desired to be 200 r.p.m. the torque, to be transmitted is 5000
N-m. taking starting torque as 25% more than the normal torque, determine : 1. Module and face
width of the gears using 20 degrees stub teeth, and 2. Number of teeth and pitch circle diameter
of each gear. Assume suitable values of velocity factor and Lewis factor.
Solution =
Given data:
L=500 mm
NM

= 900 r.p.m.

N C = 200 r.p.m.

T = 5000 N-m
T max = 1.25T
1. Module and face width of the gears
m = module in mm, and
b = face width in mm.
since the starting torque is 25% more than normal torque, therefore the maximum torque,
T max = 1.25T = 1.25 5000 = 6250 N-m = 6250 103 N-mm
We know that velocity ratio,
V.R. =
Let,

NM
NC
DP

900
200

= 4.5

= Pitch circle diameter of the pinion on the motor shaft, and

DG = Pitch circle diameter of the gear on the compressor shaft.


We know that distance between the shaft (L),
500 =

DP
2

DG
2

or

DP + DG

= 500 2 = 1000

.(i)
And velocity ratio,
V.R. =

DG
DP

DG = 4.5

= 4.5 or

DP

(ii)
DG in equation (i), we have

Substituting the value of


D P + 4.5 DP = 1000 or
And

D G = 4.5

DP

DP

= 1000/5.5 = 182 mm

= 4.5 182 = 820 mm = 0.82 m

We know that pitch line velocity of the drive,


v=

DG N C
60

velocity factor,

0.82 200
60

= 8.6 m/s

..

Cv =

3
3+ v

3
3+ 8.6

= 0.26

Let us take the allowable tensile stress for the gear material as,
OG

= 140 MPa = 140 N/ mm

0
We know that for 20 stub teeth, lewis factor for the gear,

0.841
TG

y G = 0.175
TG=

= 0.175 -

0.841 m
DG

DG
m )
= 0.175 -

0.841 m
820

= 0.175 0.001 m

And maximum tangential force on the gear,


WT

2 T max
DG

2 6250 102
820

= 15.244 N

We also know that maximum tangential force on the gear,


WT

= wG

bm

y G = ( OG

C v )b m

yG

15244 = (140 0.26) 10m m (0.175 0.001m)


2
3
= 200 m - 1.144 m

(assuming b =

10m)
Solving this equation by hit and trial method, we find that
m = 8.95 say 10 mm Ans.
b = 10m = 10 10 = 100 mm Ans.
2. Number of teeth and pitch circle diameter of each gear
We know that number of teeth on the pinion,
DP
182
Tv =
=
10 = 18.2
m
TG =

DP
m

820
10

= 82

In order to have the exact velocity ratio of 4.5, we shall take


T P = 18 and T G = 81 Ans.
Pitch circle diameter of the pinion,
D v = m T P = 10 18 = 180 mm Ans.
And pitch circle diameter of the gear,
DG = m T G

= 10 81 = 810 mm Ans.

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