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Instituto Mexicano

Madero
Geography
Cartographic Binder
Andrea Vallejo
Mildred Carretero
03-November-2016

Mexico:
Capital: Mexico city
Socioeconomic structure:
-Primary sector: raw material: livestock,
agriculture, forestry
-Secondary sector: industry, transformation
-Tertiary sector: comerce and services
(globalization 1982)
PIB: 2.4%
INFLATION: 2.73%
VALUE OF THE MEXICAN COIN: $18
Currency: Mexican peso (1 peso= 0.051847 US dollar)
Government: federal republic under a centralized government
Religion:
Roman
Catholic (82.7%),Pentecostal (1.6%), Jehovah's
Witnesses (1.4%), Evangelical Churches (5%),other (1.9%), none (4.7%) and
unspecified (2.7%)
-economy: the economy is vulnerable to global economic pressures, such as
lower external demand, rising interest rates, and low oil prices - approximately 30%
of government revenue comes from the state-owned oil company, PEMEX. The
increasing integration of supply chains, development of the energy sector, and
government-to-government focus on trade facilitation will continue to make the
North American region increasingly competitive and contribute to Mexican
economic development and strength.
-lifestyle: Mexico has a very unequal distribution of wealth, even compared to
other Latin American countries. With the introduction of neoliberal economic
policies, inequalities have sharpened. In 1998, the top 20 percent of income
earners accounted for 55 percent of Mexico's income, while an estimated 27
percent of the population was living below the poverty line. The size of the middle
classes has shrunk in recent years.
-Education: Children in Mexico must go from kindergarten to junior high school,
because is the basic education, laws have change and nowadays junior high
school is obligatory too, the government ask for all the private schools to give a
minimum of 5% of scholarships per educational level so the students can keep
studying
-Health: institutions such as the Mexican Social Security Institute. The national
health system consisted of more than seventeen thousand medical units in 1998,

of which 885 were hospitals and the rest basic medical service centers in rural
areas. The government health sector had a budget of approximately $11 billion
(U.S.) in 1999 and employed around 300,000 doctors and nurses. Many doctors
from public hospitals also have their own private consultation clinics.
3 main historical people: Miguel Hidalgo/ Porfirio Diaz/ Benito Juarez
Weather: dry, warm, hot, wet
Location: It limits the North with the United States, South and West with the
Pacific Ocean, east of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, and on the
southeast by Guatemala and Belize; 23 00 N, 102 00 O
Surface:Located in the continent of North America, Mexico covers 1,943,945
square kilometers of land and 20,430 square kilometers of water, making it the
14th largest nation in the world with a total area of 1,964,375 square kilometers.
Main language: Spanish

USA
Capital: Washington D.C
Socioeconomic structure:
-Primary sector: raw material: livestock,
agriculture, forestry
-Secondary sector: industry, transformation
-Tertiary sector: comerce and services
PIB: 1.4%
INFLATION: 1.06%
Currency: US dollar
Government: the federal government of the republic
Religion:
Protestant (46.5%),
Catholic (20.8%),
Mormon (1.6%),
Other
Christian (1.7%),
Judaism (1.9%),
Islam (0.9%),
Hinduism (0.7%), Buddhism (0.7%), Other religions (1.8%), Unaffiliated (22.8%)
and Not stated (0.6%)
-economy: The United States of America has the world's largest national
economy. It makes up roughly 17 to 22 percent of the world's gross domestic
product (GDP). The currency of the United States, the dollar, is the most widely
used currency in international trade, as well as the world's foremost reserve
currency. The US economy is a "mixed economy," as both private interests and
state interventionism play a role. Predominantly driven by private ownership, the
nation's GDP has maintained overall steady growth rate for decades. In addition,
the US economy benefits from abundant natural resources, strong industrial and
agricultural production, a large and well-developed service industry, as well as
extremely high rates of research, innovation, and capital investment.
-lifestyle: A major percentage of all working Americans are women. In many
households where both the husband and wife work outside the home, men are
expected to share household duties. Men have also been playing an increasing
role in raising their children. With both parents working, the use of, and need for,
day care facilities are increasing; this is especially true for single-parent families.
Among the growing proportion of the elderly population, many prefer to live in their
own homes and maintain their independence. Those who cannot care for
themselves may live in retirement communities or other institutions, or with their
adult children. However, extended families are not common in the US.
-education: Public education is universally required from kindergarten through
12th grade (often abbreviated K-12), and is available at state colleges and

universities for all students. Public school curricula, budgets, and policies for K-12
schooling are set through locally elected school boards, who have jurisdiction over
individual school districts. State governments set overall educational standards,
often mandate standardized tests for K12 public school systems, and supervise,
usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities. Funding comes
from the state, local, and federal government.
Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing
policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional
accreditation authorities. About 87% of school-age children attend public schools,
about 10% attend private schools, and roughly 3% are home-schooled
-culture: The way people "melt" in the United States differs. "Different groups of
immigrants integrate in different ways," De Rossi told Live Science. "For example,
in the United States, Catholic Spanish-speaking communities might keep their
language and other cultural family traditions, but are integrated in the urban
community and have embraced the American way of life in many other ways.
Health: In 2014, 48 percent of U.S. health care spending came from private funds,
with 28 percent coming from households and 20 percent coming from private
businesses. The federal government accounted for 28 percent of spending while
state and local governments accounted for 17 percent. Most health care, even if
publicly financed, is delivered privately. In 2014, 283.2 million people in the U.S.,
89.6 percent of the U.S. population had some type of health insurance, with 66
percent of workers covered by a private health insurance plan. Among the insured,
115.4 million people, 36.5 percent of the population, received coverage through the
U.S. government in 2014 through Medicare (50.5 million), Medicaid (61.65 million),
and/or Veterans Administration or other military care (14.14 million) (people may be
covered by more than one government plan). In 2014, nearly 32.9 million people in
the U.S. had no health insurance.
3 main historical people:
Thomas Jefferson: principal autor of the declaration of the Independence
George Washingtone: served as ccommander in Chief of the American forces
during the war of Independence
Margaret Fuller: was a leading proponent of womens rights
Weather: Semiarid, humid Subtropical, Marine Westcoast, Mediterranean, Humid
continental (warm &cool) and Highland

Location:Latitude/Longitude:Washington, DC: (capital city) 38 89 N, 77 03 W;


RELATIVE LOCATIONS: The continental United States of America (48 states) is in
both the northern and western hemispheres.
Surface: Located to the north of the Tropic of Cancer, the country is positioned on
the North American Continent and bordered by the countries of Canada, Mexico,
and by the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Great Lakes and Pacific Ocean;
22,294 km
Population: 318.9 millions (2014)
Main language: English (Spanish; other Indo-European languages, which includes
German, Yiddish, Swedish, French, Italian, Russian, Polish, Hindi, Punjabi, Greek
and several others; Asian and Pacific Island languages, including Chinese, Korean,
Japanese, Thai, Tamil and more; and "all other languages," which is a category for
languages that didn't fit into the first three categories, such as Hungarian, Arabic,
Hebrew, languages of Africa and languages of native people of North, Central and
South America.)

Brazil
Capital: Brasilia
Socioeconomic structure:
-Primary sector: raw material: livestock, agriculture, forestry
-Secondary sector: industry, transformation
-Tertiary sector: comerce and services
PIB: -3,8%
INFLATION: 8.97%
Currency: Real brasileo
Government: federal presidential representative democratic republic,
Religion: Roman Catholic (64.63%), Traditional/Mainline Protestant (4.03%),
Assemblies of God (6.46%), Christian Congregation of Brazil (1.20%), Other
Pentecostal
(5.64%),
Other
Christian (6.82%),
Spiritism (2.02%), Other
religions (1.04%), No religion (8.04%) and Unknown (0.12%)
-economy: Brazil has the world's ninth largest economy by nominal GDP, and
the seventh largest by purchasing power parity. The Brazilian economy is
characterized by moderately free markets and an inward-oriented economy.
Brazil's economy is the largest of Latin America and the second largest in
the Western Hemisphere.[15] From 2000 to 2012, Brazil was one of the fastestgrowing major economies in the world, with an average annual GDP growth rate of
over 5%, with its economy in 2012 surpassing that of the United Kingdom,
temporarily making Brazil the world's sixth largest economy. However, Brazil's
economy growth decelerated in 2013[16] and the country entered an ongoing
recession in 2014.
-lifestyle: Nearly 75% of the Brazilian population make their homes in
urban areas and cities. In the past, there was a lot more rural living, but a recent
influx of people coming into the cities has created a significant increase in both
crime and poverty.A lack of jobs and insufficient housing has resulted in rapidly
growing slums and unsafe areas, so when visiting Brazil it is important to get a
map of each city and know what to expect.
-education: The Federal Government of Brazil regulates this countrys educational
system through the Ministry of Education. The government provides each area with
funding and educational guidelines, and the individual states are responsible for
implementing and enforcing these. Brazil is equipped with public and private sector

schools.The private sector schools are of a far superior nature, but are costly, while
the public sector schooling is free of charge.
The school career of children is broken up into different, progressive stages:
Elementary school (Ensino Fundamental) six to 14 years of age
High school (Ensino Mdio) 15 to 17 years of age
Higher education (Ensino Superior) this occurs after schooling is
completed.
-culture: Carnival is a holiday celebrated before Lent usually in Rio de Janeiro and
Sao Paulo. It lasts for 4 days and there are many parades. It is always packed with
millions of people from all over. Carnival is simply viewed as a celebration prior to
Lent.
Health: is a Constitutional right. It is provided by both private and government
institutions. The Health Minister administers national health policy. Primary
healthcare remains the responsibility of the federal government, elements of which
(such as the operation of hospitals) are overseen by individual states. Public
healthcare is provided to all Brazilian permanent residents and foreigners in
Brazilian territory through the National Healthcare System, known as the Unified
Health System (Portuguese:Sistema nico de Sade, SUS). The SUS is universal
and free for everyone.
3 main historical people:
Princess Isabel: officially avoided the slavery
Ana Nri: pioneering nurse, she assisted Brazilian forces on the battlefield, mother
of nursery
Chico Mendes: murdered rural leader and martyr of ecological movements in the
Amazon
Weather: Tropical, semi-arid, arid, subtropical, equatorial
Location:
Brazil
shares
land
borders
with
10
countries: Bolivia, Argentina, FrenchGuiana, Guyana, Paraguay,Suriname, Urugua
y, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru; Longitud: O 550'0", Latitud: S 100'0"
Surface: Located in the continent of South America, Brazil covers 8,459,417
square kilometers of land and 55,460 square kilometers of water, making it the 5th
largest nation in the world with a total area of 8,514,877 square kilometers
Population: 200.4 million (2013)

Main language: Portuguese

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