CICLO GONDWNICO I

(Devnico Superior Prmico ms inferior)

Major tectonic stages and

cycles

Pangea Assembly

Reaccretion Arequipa-Antofalla!!!
Gondwana Assembly Reaccretion Arequipa-Antofalla!!!
Rodinia break-up

1,0

Rodinia Assembly

Arequipa-Antofalla

Supercontinents through time

3,0

2,5

2,0

Greenville Orogeny

1,5

Pampean Orogeny Ocloyic Chanic

Orogeny Orogeny

1,0

Ur

0,46 0,38 0,3 Ga

0,5
E.Gondwana

Yilgam

N. India, E Aust

W.Gondwana

Arctica
E. Antarctica

Nena

Rodinia

Baltica

(Rogers 1996)

Atlantica

Ciclos? Al menos uno, podran ser 2

(Pannotia, 550 Ma, ~ Gondwana)
Methods: Dating of orogenies and creation of
continental crust (magmatism, metamorphism,
sedimentation) and large-scale tectonic
movements (e.g. paleomagnetism)
(modificado de curso de postgrado UChile -

Constantino Mpodozis)

Gondwana

(Atlantica and
others plates in Africa)

Laurasia
Kazakhstan, N China
S China, an other
Plates that formed Asia

Pangea

Dic. 2010

Gondwanan Tectonic Cycle

ESU

First Stage (Middle/Late Devonian to Early/Late Carboniferous).

1. Metamorphic units. Complejo Metamrfico del Choapa (CMC)
and Complejo Metamrfico El Trnsito (CMT): Devonian? - Early
Triassic.
2. Metasedimentary units and western sedimentary deposits: El
Toco Formation (ETF), Sierra El Tigre Formation (SET), Las
Trtolas Formation or Complejo Epimetamrfico Chaaral (LTF)
and Chaaral Mlange (CM), Arrayn Formation and Unidad
Metasedimentaria de Agua Dulce (ARF).
3. Eastern sedimentary deposits: Quebrada Aroma Formation (QA),
Lila or Icnitas Formation (LF), Zorritas Formation (ZF), Argomedo
Formation (AF), Cerro del Medio Beds (CMB), Chinches Formation
(CF), Las Placetas Beds (LP), Hurtado Formation (HF), El Cepo
Metamorphic Complex (CMEC).
4. Plutonic? (Herv et al., 2014)
Second Stage (Late Carboniferous to earliest? Permian).
5. Volcanic deposits: Quipisca Formation (QF), Collahuasi
Formation (CHF), Tuina Formation (TF), El Bordo Beds (EBB), La
Tabla Formation (LT), and Pantanoso Formation (PF).
6. Plutonic units: Sierra del Medio and Sierra de Moreno (SM) and
further south along the Domeyko Range between 24 and 27S,
Elqui Superunit (ESU). Coastal batholith, south of 33S.
Third stage (late? Early Permian to Middle-Late? Permian).
7. Juan de Morales Formation (JM), Cerro El rbol Formation (CA),
Las Represas Formation (LR), Cerro 2484 Beds, Huentelauqun
Formation and Quebrada Mal Paso Beds (HLF).
8. Volcanic: Guanaco Sonso + Colagil, en Cord. Frontal Este,
Argentina. Plutonic? (Herv et al., 2014)

GONDWANAN CYCLE
(Mid Devonian early Late Permian)
First stage: Mid Devonian - Early Carboniferous
Metamorphic subduction complexes, to the W
Western turbiditic marine successions

Eastern platformal marine successiones

Plutons in the Frontal Cordillera, N of 33S

Plutons in the Coastal Cordillera, S of 33S

Series W y E

Fm. Las Trtolas

Complejo Metamrfico El Trnsito
Esquistos grises qzo- micceos,
a veces con fenoblastos de Ab
Esquistos verdes anfiblicos
(metabasitas)
Mrmoles

Metamorphic subduction complexes: CMT

Esquistos grises y verdes, y pliegues isoclinales e

intrafoliales en Playa La Cebada

Metamorphic age and detritic zircon ages

CMT
87Rb86Sr de 33520 Ma and 30440 Ma (Ribba et al. 1988).
CMC
KAr for are 311 89 Ma (Irwin et al. 1988; Garca 1991) and 359 36 Ma
(Rebolledo & Charrier 1994) on amphibole schists (metabasites).
=> Carboniferous, errors : Devonian to Permian.

Hoja Ovalle Pea Blanca (Emparan

y
Caldern,
2013):
zircones
detrticos entre 123512 Ma y
248,63,3 Ma en CMC (308 Ma
Willner et al, 2008)

Bahlburg et al., 2009

=> el proceso de subduccin y de generacin del prisma, se

continuaron hasta el Trisico Inferior ?

Metasedimentary units and western sedimentary deposits

Norte de Chile
Formacin El Toco ~ Fm. Sierra El Tigre
Estratos del Salar de Navidad:
Fm. Cerros de Cuevitas* (Prmico Inferior) (Formacin
Cerro El rbol)
areniscas de cuarzo, lutitas, conglomerados
e intercalaciones de calizas
d i s c o r d a n c i a
Fm. Sierra El Tigre* (Devnico)
1500 a 2000 m de turbiditas
aportes del N-NW
pasa a broken formation
* Niemeyer et al., 1997. R.G.Ch., 24 (2): 123-144.

Metasedimentary units and western sedimentary deposits

Chile Centro-Norte

Carbonfero Inferior (Mississippiano Medio), 337 y 343 Ma (Willner et al., 2008)

Unidad Metasedimentaria de Agua Dulce: boudinage, serie de Bouma y chevrones

Flautas en Formacin Arrayn

(desde el NW Prisma de acrecin emergido?)

GONDWANAN CYCLE
(Mid Devonian early Late Permian)
First stage: Mid Devonian - Early Carboniferous
Metamorphic subduction complexes, to the W
Western turbiditic marine successions

Eastern platformal marine successiones

Plutons in the Frontal Cordillera, N of 33S

Plutons in the Coastal Cordillera, S of 33S

South of 33S, the Gondwanan

metamorphic complex is almost
continuously exposed along the
Coastal Cordillera. Between
33S and 38S, these
exposures are flanked on their
eastern side by the Late
Carboniferous Permian
Series W y E
Coastal Batholith.

Herv et al., 2013

Early Paleozoic zircons are an essential component
of the provenance (Grenville-age zircons and
isolated grains as old as 3 Ga)
33-38S The youngest igneous detrital zircons
in both the Western (307 Ma) and Eastern Series
(345 Ma) are considered to closely date
sedimentation of the protoliths.

Al sur de 33S (hasta 38)

Prisma ms antiguo

Al norte de 32S: Prisma ms joven

Carbonfero Inferior

Carbonfero Inferior
345 Ma
(Herv et al., 2013)

307 Ma
(Herv et al., 2013)

Basal

CMC y CMT ~250 Ma

Primera Etapa
Depsitos plataformales
orientales

1.Eastern
sedimentary
deposits:
Quebrada Aroma
Formation (QA),
Lila or Icnitas
Formation (LF),
Zorritas Formation
(ZF), Argomedo
Formation (AF),
Cerro del Medio
Beds (CMB),
Chinches
Formation (CF),
Las Placetas Beds
(LP), Hurtado
Formation (HF), El
Cepo
Metamorphic
Complex (ECMC).

Perteneceran a los
depsitos plataformales
orientales
Complejo
Metamrfico
Choapa

CHILE

II ARGENTINA

Fase Oclyica
(marina con lavas de arco
volcnico)

Complejo
Turbidtico de la
Puna

Santa Victoria
Group
(volcnica)

Mesn Group
(Late Cambrian)

530 Ma

Puncoviscana
(Late ProterozoicEarly Cambrian)

Esquema estratigrfico Ordovcico Silrico

Primera Etapa
Depsitos sedimentarios
orientales

1.Eastern
sedimentary
deposits:
Quebrada Aroma
Formation (QA),
Lila or Icnitas
Formation (LF),
Zorritas Formation
(ZF), Argomedo
Formation (AF),
Cerro del Medio
Beds (CMB),
Chinches
Formation (CF),
Las Placetas Beds
(LP), Hurtado
Formation (HF), El
Cepo
Metamorphic
Complex (ECMC).

1) facies de mar somero, nearshore y fluvial

2) en algunas se identifica aporte de rocas
volcnicas (Fms Zorritas y Argomedo)
3) contenido fosilfero y palinolgico +
correlaciones => Devnico a Carbonfero
Temprano.

The
depositional
environment
deduced for these formations
corresponds to a north-trending
stable and shallow marine platform
(Bahlburg & Breitkreuz 1991, 1993;
Breitkreuz 1986b; Niemeyer et al.
1997a), flanked to the east by a
volcanic arc (Arco Puneo in
Argentina; Coira et al. 1982;
Niemeyer et al. 1997a), which
represented the source of the
sediments.

Batolito
Cordillera Frontal
(Herv et al., 2014, Lithos)
In italics:
1. Pankhurst et al., 1996;
2. Martin et al., 1999;
3. Pineda & Caldern, 2008;
4. Salazar et al., 2009;
5. Coloma et al., 2012)
* Indicates ages of metamorphic
zircon rims in gneisses.
V Indicates the volcanic
origin of studied rocks.

328 Ma es a su vez la
edad magmtica ms
antigua del Carbonfero
en Chile, casi no hay
edades magmticas
desde arco famatiniano
(515-450 Ma)

Herv et al., 2014 Lithos Batolito Cordillera Frontal en Chile y Argentina

EDADES
225,92,1

Tr Sup.

Herv et al. (2014)

240,31,7
242,01,5
242,51,5
242,62,2
245,02,5
247,03,1

Tr Med.
Tr Med.
Tr Med.
Tr Med.
Tr Med.
Tr Med.

Coloma et al. (2012)

Martin et al. (1999)
Martin et al. (1999)
Herv et al. (2014)
Herv et al. (2014)
Coloma et al. (2012)

250-239
250-239
250-239
250-239
250-239
250-239

249,73,2

Tr Inf.

Martin et al. (1999)

253-247

255,21,8

Prmico Sup. Herv et al. (2014)

285,71,5
288,21,8
289,72,2
291,22,0
291,53,4
293,72,4
295,43,3
296,14,8

Prmico Inf.
Prmico Inf.
Prmico Inf.
Prmico Inf.
Prmico Inf.
Prmico Inf.
Prmico Inf.
Prmico Inf.

Coloma et al. (2012)

Herv et al. (2014)
Herv et al. (2014)
Herv et al. (2014)
Coloma et al. (2012)
Pineda y Caldern (2008)
Coloma et al. (2012)
Pankhurst et al. (1996)

305,92,7

Carb. Sup.

Herv et al. (2014)

328,12,8

Carb. Inf.

Pineda y Caldern (2008)

257-253

Grupo 4: 228-224

Ciclo Pre-Andino (Segunda Etapa)

Grupo 3:
Grupo 3:
Grupo 3:
Grupo 3:
Grupo 3:
Grupo 3:
Grupo 3:
Grupo 3:
Grupo 3:
Grupo 3:

253-239
253-239
253-239
253-239
253-239
253-239
253-239
253-239
253-239
253-239

Ciclo Pre-Andino (Primera Etapa):

Prmico Sup. Tr Medio
[Ladiniano] SUI

Group 2:
Group 2:
Group 2:
Group 2:
Group 2:
Group 2:
Group 2:
Group 2:

301-284
301-284
301-284
301-284
301-284
301-284
301-284
301-284

Cisuraliano
Cisuraliano
Cisuraliano
Cisuraliano
Cisuraliano
Cisuraliano
Cisuraliano
Cisuraliano

Ciclo Gondwnico:
Prmico Inferior
SUE
(Segunda Etapa)
SUE?

Group??? 308,6-303,2

Grupo 1: 330-326

Colangil (272 a 247 Ma)

Gr. Pastos Blancos: U-Pb
265,85.6 Ma c/circones
(3era etapa)

Mississipiano

SUE?

?
(1era Etapa)

Volcanismo Norte 33S, 1era etapa

Riolitas bajo Fm. Cerro del rbol: 320,19,0 Ma

(Antofagasta) (Pennsylvaniano Inferior) [Primera Etapa]
Estratos de Cerro Bayo (Salazar, 2012): 324,74,0 y
323,15,8 Ma en riolitas en valle del ro Trnsito
(Mississippiano/Pennsylvaniano) [Primera Etapa].

Guanaco Sonso
265,85,6 Ma

?
311 Ma
Agua Dulce
291,54 Ma Estratos del Mono
Riolitas de Sierra El Jardn
283 y 270 Ma
296,64,2; 2924,2 Ma

Deckart et al 2014

320 Ma bajo C rbol

Cerro Bayo

Magmatismo Sur 34S, 1era etapa

Pennsylvanian Coastal Batholith in south-central Chile is shown
to have been emplaced in a very short period of time (20 Ma),
320-300 Ma (????, justo en el lmite, primera o segunda
etapa?), and to be relatively homogeneous in crystallization age
and both Hf and O isotopic compositions

The magmatic arc would have been formed on

continental crust. Alternatively, part or all of the
melting crustal material could correspond to
sediments transported deep into mantle wedge by the
subducted crust.

Deckart et al 2014

Gondwanan Tectonic Cycle.

ESU

(Tesis Esteban
Salazar, 2012)

Second Stage (Late Carboniferous to earliest?

Permian).
5. Volcanic deposits: Quipisca Formation (QF),
Collahuasi Formation (CHF), El Bordo Beds
(EBB), La Tabla Formation (LT), and Pantanoso
Formation (PF).
6. Plutonic units: Sierra del Medio and Sierra de
Moreno (SM) and further south along the
Domeyko Range between 24 and 27S, Elqui
Superunit (ESU). Coastal batholith, south of
33S.

Fm. Collahuasi* (Vergara y Thomas, 1984)

Pasa a Grupo Collahuasi Munizaga et al. (2008):
Edades U-Pb SHRIMP en circones:
B. 244 Ma = Trisico Medio (Ansico) Pulso flsico del inicio de la
Segunda Etapa del Ciclo Pre-Andino
------A. ~300 Ma = Carbonfero Superior (lmite superior) Volcanismo flsico
de la Segunda Etapa del Ciclo Gondwnico

Norte Grande

Estratos El Mono: 291,54,0 Ma en toba andestica intercalada en la parte

superior
(Cisuraliano Inf.-Med.) [Segunda Etapa].

La Tabla en localidad tipo: 282,911,4 y 270,44,6 Ma en 4 muestras de riolitas y

tobas riolticas. Dataciones U/Pb anteriores dieron: 298,22,2 y 2822 Ma.
(Cisuraliano/Guadalupiano) [Segunda Etapa]
Norte Chico (Cordillera Frontal)
Pantanoso bajo Fm. La Ternera en Qda. Paipote: 296,64,2 y 2924,2 Ma
(Cisuraliano Inf.) [Segunda Etapa]
Riolitas en El Trnsito (sobre el Complejo Metamrfico El Trnsito)
282,75,8 Ma (U-Pb, circones) (Salazar et al., 2009) (Prmico Inferior
[Cisuraliano] Kunguriano [Segunda Etapa]

Elqui complex:
I-types and S-types
S-types result from the partial melting
of metasedimentary source rocks,
a process called anatexis or
ultrametamorphism.
I-types are derived from source
rocks of igneous composition that
have not gone through the surface
weathering process, or from crystal
fractionation of magmas
(Chappell and White, 1974).
The A-type (the A denoting
anorogenic and/or anhydrous)
granitoids occurred along rift
zones and within stable
continental blocks (Loiselle and
Wones, 1979)

Kay y Mpodozis, 1992

Kay y Mpodozis, 1992

Kay y Mpodozis, 1992

Herv et al., 2014 Lithos Batolito Cordillera Frontal en Chile y Argentina

LuHf and O isotopic systematics in zircon grains from eight of the plutonic rocks
indicate the magma source areas have contributed variable amounts of crustal
and mantle components.
Zircon 18O values evolve from crustal values(+7) in the earliest Permian
intrusives (G2= segunda etapa Gondwnico) to mantle values in the latest
Permian to Upper Triassic (G3-4, Preandino)

ASI [Al/(Ca 167P + Na + K)].

Cochiguaz
Algunas muestras indican Patrones de REE alta pendiente y bajo Eu => granate.

Norte Chico (alta cordillera)

- Riolitas en El Trnsito (sobre el Complejo Metamrfico El Trnsito)
282,75,8 Ma (U-Pb, circones) (Salazar et al., 2009) (Prmico Inferior
[Cisuraliano] Kunguriano Ciclo Gondwnico, Segunda Etapa.

- Fm. Grupo Pastos Blancos (en parte Gr. Choiyoi) (Thiele, 1965; Martin et al.,
1999)
Grupo Pastos Blancos (bajo Formacin Lautaro, Jursico)
- Unidad Los Tilos (Tr Sup.: Crnico): 2355 Ma (K-Ar) y 225 Ma y 210 Ma (UPb, circones)

- Unidad Guanaco Sonso (Prmico Med. [Guadalupiano] Wordiano): 2186

Ma (Tr Sup.) y 2606 Ma (K-Ar) y 265,85,6 Ma (U-Pb, circones) Ciclo
Gondwnico, Tercera Etapa

ESU

Third stage (late? Early Permian to Middle-Late?

Permian).
7. Juan de Morales Formation (JM), Cerro El
rbol Formation (CA), Las Represas Formation
(LR), Cerro 2484 Beds, Huentelauqun
Formation and Quebrada Mal Paso Beds (HLF).
8. Volc.: Guanaco Sonso + Colangil, en Cord.
Frontal Este, Argentina.

Huentelauqun zircones detrticos (magmticos)

308 Ma (Willner et al., 2008) 250 Ma (Balhburgh et al 2009)

Chile Centro-Norte

Carbonfero Inferior (Mississippiano Medio), 337 y 343 Ma (Willner et al., 2008)

Explicacin de las diferencias entre las Primera y Tercera etapas

W

E
Depsitos tipo Fm.Huentelauqun (shallowing forearc basin)
(est en todas partes: Cord. Costa, Depre. Central y Alta Cordillera.; ver mapa)

Tercera Etapa

Turbiditas occidentales

Primera Etapa

Depsitos plataformales orientales

3 mtodos:
1) Anlisis qumicos y
petrolgicos
condiciones peak
de metamorfismo
2) Dataciones Ar-Ar
(geocronolgicas y
de exhumacin)
3) Trazas de fisin en
zircn.
Complementado con
restricciones de la
geologa regional

Willner et al., 2012

Choapa Metamorphic Complex

2 rxs edades ArAr > Intrusivos Mesozoicos a 31 S (220 20 Ma and 200 10
Ma; Irwin et al. 1988):
Filita
279 3 Ma cristalizacin y peak del metamorfismo HPLT a 350430 C, 6.2
.9.0 kbar; 242 12 Ma exhumacin.

ZFT edad de 248 27 Ma enfriamiento bajo 280 C

Esquisto de granate
307-274 Ma (cristalizacin y peak del metamorfismo exhumacin)
peak del metamorfismo grado, 570585 C, 1113 kbar, derivado del canal de
subduccin en margen convergente.
Formaciones Arrayn y Huentelauqun
Clusters de edades son ms jvenes que la discordancia sobre estas 245
Ma (base Anisiano). Varios de estos clusters en Arrayn se traslapan con esa
edad.
Arrayn, 2 muestras ZFT 1) edad de 250 24 Ma => edad discordancia
2) ZFT edad central 274 18 Ma, gran dispersin, pero 8 de 20 FT edades
ms viejas que 310 Ma=> estimacin vaga de 1er enfriamiento bajo 280C

Paleogeografa del prisma:

~320 Ma: Carbonfero Inferior
(parte superior)
~ 328 ms exacto (Herv et
al., 2014)

~280 Ma: Carbonfero superior

(parte superior)

~260 Ma: Prmico Superior

(parte inferior)

Willner et al. (2012)

Primera y Segunda Etapas

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

Prisma
Depsitos turbidticos occidentales
Depsitos plataformales orientales
Depsitos volcnicos de la Primera y Segunda Etapa
Arco magmtico
Cuenca extensional de Paganzo

Tercera Etapa