Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Advocacy cares for equity, it considers the unprivileged for giving preference in the
planning. Radical School is spontaneous activism, guided by an idealistic but pragmatic
vision of self-reliance and mutual aid (Hudson, (19790. It is obvious that Transactive and
Radical theories are comparatively more participatory in nature.
Now we already know the established mainstream theories of planning. Let us see
criteria for describing and evaluating planning tradition. These criteria are Public Interest,
Human Dimension, Feasibility, Action Potential, Substantive Theory and Self-reflective.
Table 1 gives the characteristics of each one of them. Table 2 shows the relative
emphasis each approach has on these different criteria. The comparison proves that the
Transactive and Radical schools which are more participatory score high on all criteria.
This establishes the comparative significance of participatory planning approaches and
thus supports the superiority of the bottom-up approach.
Table 2
References:
planning theories: Counterparts and contradictions. Journal of the American Planning
Association, 45(4), 387-398.
Hoch, C. (1984). Doing good and being right the pragmatic connection in planning
theory. Journal of the American Planning Association, 50(3), 335-345.