PURKHOO CAMP, DOMANA JAMMU.

SESSION (Nov- Dec) 2014

A
MINOR PROJECT REPORT
ON
STUDY ON SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT COMMING UP AT BHAGWATI NAGAR
JAMMU

UNDER THE GUIDANCE

SUBMITTED BY

ER. MANJU BALORIA

NISHANT KATARIA (2763)

H.O.D CIVIL DEPTT.

SANCHAY RAYAAN (2775)

SHUBHAM SHARMA (2745)
ANKUSH SHARMA (2761)
SATYAM SHARMA (2832)
ROHIT KOUL (2788)
ROHIT THAPA (2812)
SANJAY KUMAR (2872)
MUNISH SUMBERIA (2724)
SUMIT SINGH (2756)

DEPTT. OF CIVIL ENGG.IECS POLYTECHNIC

JAMMU
RECOGNISED BY J&K GOVT.

(AFFILATED TO J&K BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION)

APPROVED BY A.I.C.T.E GOVT OF INDIA

PURKHOO CAMP, DOMANA JAMMU.

SESSION (Nov-Dec) 2014

CERTIFICATE
It Is Certified That The Minor Project Report Entitled STUDY ON SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANT COMMING UP AT BHAGWATI NAGAR JAMMU Has Been
Carried By .. Student Of 5th Semester In Civil Engineering Bearing
Examination Roll No. .. In Partial Fulfillment For Award Of Diploma
In Civil Engineering From J&K SBOTE During The Session May June 2012

UNDER THE GUIDANCE

Er. Manju Baloria

Civil Deptt.

Station :Dated :-

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

H.O.D

We express our our deep sense of gratitude to our beloved ER. MANJU
BALORIA.H.O.D. Civil Engineering department for his constant
guidance, innovation suggestion and warm encouragement through out
the program and preparation of the MINOR PROJECT REPORT. We are
greatful to honable principle of IECS POLYTECHNIC. MR. K.G
GUPTA for their support throughout our stay in the college.
We thank profusely the faculty members for their help and suggestions
given during the course of program. We are thankful to the project
engineer MR. VIKAS MENGI and one all who helped directly or
indirectly in completing this project particularly H.O.D ER.MANJU
BALORIA.

Project Associates
1.

NISHANT KATARIA (2763)

2.

SANCHAY RAYAAN (2775)

3.

SHUBHAM SHARMA (2745)

4.

ANKUSH SHARMA (2761)

5.

SATYAM SHARMA (2832)

6.

ROHIT KOUL (2788)

7.

ROHIT THAPA (2812)

8.

SANJAY KUMAR (2872)

9.

MUNISH SUMBERIA (2724)

10. SUMIT SINGH (2756)

Group Members
1. NISHANT KATARIA (2763)
2. SANCHAY RAYAAN (2775)
3. SHUBHAM SHARMA (2745)
4. ANKUSH SHARMA (2761)
5. SATYAM SHARMA (2832)
6. ROHIT KOUL (2788)
7. ROHIT THAPA (2812)
8. SANJAY KUMAR (2872)
9. MUNISH SUMBERIA (2724)
10. SUMIT SINGH (2756)

SEWAGE TREATMENT
The artificial process for removing or changing the objectionable
constituent present in the sewage in order to make it less offensive
and dangerous is referred as sewage treatment.
NECESSITY OF SEWAGE TREATMENT
It is very essential to react it properly so that
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

It maynt pollute the receiving water.

It maynt create unhealthy conditions.
It may have some agriculture value.
It may destroy pathogenic bacteria.
It may be dispose off easily and safely.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

The act off sewage is called sewage disposal system. In this system,
the following two methods can be used.
NATURAL METHOD OF DISPOSAL
The method in which sewing is disposed off naturally called natural
method of disposal. It includes.
a) Land treatment
b) Dilution into river or drainage
In the former case, the sewing is spread on the ground surface for
filtration through soil pores or the sub soil. The organic residue are
left on the surface. These solids are oxidized partly by the heat of the

sun, air and partly by the biological action of bacteria present in the
topmost layer of soil.
In the latter case, the sewage is allowed to fall into sea, river or lake
with or without pretreatment. If the sewage contains sufficient
quantity of dissolved oxygen for bacteriology action, then, it is
allowed to fall directly into water. But on the other hand, if it is less,
then, it will create bad smell. Under these circumstances, it is harmful
to take water supplies on the down-stream side.
SUITABILITY OF LAND TREATMENT
This method is suitable when:a) The overall rainfall is very low.
b) The natural water courses arent available.
c) The quantity of sewage is more which will pollute the natural
water corses.
d) The rivers have very small discharge during summer.
e) The water table is very deep and isnt likely to be polluted by
adopting land treatment method of disposal.
ARTIFICIAL METHOD OF DISPOSAL
The method in which sewage is disposed off after some treatment is
called artificial method of disposal. In this, the following two
treatment are given.
The primary treatment comprises, in succession, the removal of sand,
gravel etc. by grit chambers, removal of coal, paper etc, by screens,

settlement of fine organic solids by plain sedimentation and lastly

separation and partial digestion of fine organic solids by septic and
imhoffs tanks.
The secondary treatment is given to the liquid coming out of the
above stage as it does not completely remove the organic matter. In
this method, organic matter is oxidized by filtration and aeration. The
filtration process is completed by intermitted sand filters, contact bed
filters, trickling filters.
PRINCIPLES OF SANITATION
The principal which provides better living conditions are called
principles of sanitations. These includes the following:
1. COLLECTION
The waste should be collected as soon as it is formed. In this
process lavatory blocks are suitably planned and installed in a
building. Bins should be placed in every house for collecting the
waste.

Flow Diagram

2. CONVEYANCE
In this case, the collection water is removed by providing
underground conduits up to the disposal works so that it may not
create nuisance to the public.
3. AVAILABILITY OF WATER
The water requirements of the people should be fulfilled otherwise it
will create unhealthy conditions in the area.
4. ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING
The building should be oriented properly in order to obtain sufficient
light and fresh air in all the rooms.
5. PREVENTION OF DAMPNESS
The occurrence off dampness in a building should be prevented in
order to achieve proper situation.
6. DISPOSAL
The sewage should be disposed of in a satisfactory manner after
making it harmless.

TREATMENT UNITS
1. SCREENING:

The process of separation large of floating or suspended matter by

using screen is referred as screening. These particles if not removed
would clog pipes and affect seriously the working of sewage pumps.
Screens are usually, located before the grit chambers. The screen are
kept inclined to increase the opening area reduce the velocity of flow
through them does not exceed up to 10 units.

Block Diagram

FIG (A) SHOWS :- COSNTRUCTION OF INLET CHAMBER

2. GRIT CHAMBER
After screening, by means of pumps it reaches the grit chamber
where the grit, sand and other inorganic matter from sewage it

contains voids to the extent of 30 to 40%. Such chamber are

provided in duplicate.
In this case, the velocity of incoming sewage is reduced to bring
about the hydraulic separation and separation and settlement of a
heavy and settlement of a heavy and large size inorganic matter
such as grit silt and sand.

FIG (B) SHOWS CONSTRUCTION OF GRIT CHAMBER

3. AERATION TANK:
The tank in which air is supplied for agitation the mixed liquor
containing activated sludge and effluent is caller aeration tank.
Aeration is the chief operation of activated sludge process
compressed air is blown through the sewage. The period of
aeration is depends upon the strength of the sewage, desired degree

of purification, rate of supplying air, proportion of return activated

sludge etc. the quantity of air requirement varies from 5000 to
9000 cu-m of free air/million litres of sewage to be treated.
In the former case, air diffuser plates are placed in the
compression. Air is supplied through the air distribution pipes.
These plates are provided at right angles to the direction of flow.
When air is released, air bubbles are formed which cause aeration.
The size of tank varies from 10x3x3 to 15x5x5 metres.

AERATOR
FIG (C) SHOWS :- AERATION TANK
4. PRIMARY CLARIFIERS:

The sedimentation tank located just after the grit chamber for
treating the raw sewing is called primary clarifiers sedimentation.
In order to find out capacity of primary clarifiers, it is very
essential to consider overflow rate may be taken as varying from
1000 to 2000 litres/hours/sq.m of area. Water can be detained for
about 2 hours. The velocity of flow should be about 30cm /mt.
Scum boards are provided for preventing the entry of floating
substances into the inlet. Sludge collected at the bottom is removed
either by hand or mechanically or hydraulically.
For easy access and maintenance, some facilities such as hand
rails, ladders, passages etc. must be provided. The slope should be
given to the floor of the clarifier. Sludge is deposited in the bed of
tanks and after sometime the cleaning of tank is required.

FIG (D) SHOWS :- PRIMARY CLARIFIERS

SEWAGE FILTERS
Sewage filters are of following types:
a) Contact beds.
b) Intermitted sand filters.
c) Trickling filters.
CONTACT BED
A contact bed is a water tight with masonry walls in which contact
media like broken stone of size 25-75mm is filled under drains placed at
the bottom of the tank. The tank is filled with sewage and allowed to
stand over a period of two hours and then emptied. The tank is then left
empty for 3 to 4 hours. The period is called left over period during this
period air penetrates into the bed, permitting aerobic bacteria to oxidized
the deposited organic matter. The tank is again filled with sewage after
the left over period and the cycle of operation is continued. This method
of biological treatment is no longer in use now a days.

FIG (E) SHOWS TOP OF A SAND FILTER

INTERMITTENT SAND FILTERS
Intermittent sand filters are the early forms of biological units of
treatment. It is a where sewage is applied at regular intervals. It consists
of sand of sand effective size of 0.20mm to 0.50mm and uniformly coefficient between 2 to 5. The depth of bed is kept 450 to 750mm.
The size of bed is 1/10th to 2/5th of a hectare, generally rectangular in
shape. Filter loading is normally kept between 1000 to 2500
litres/sq.m/day. About 90 to 95% of D.O.D is expected to be removed
by this method.

TRICKLING FILTERS

The filters over which sewage is allowed to trickle over or sprinkle are
called trickling filters.
The filters media is crushed rock, but large gravel, blast furnace, broken
bricks, cinder etc. can also be used.

FIG (F) SHOWS :- TRICKLING FILTERS

OXIDATION PONDS:
The ponds used for oxidizing matter by oxygen absorbed from the air
called oxidation ponds or stabilization ponds or lagoon.
Generally, no ponds are placed in series sewage flows progressively
from one to another till it is finally discharged. The depth of ponds
shouldnt exceed 2 meters. The sewage is detained for 3 to 6 weeks. It

has been observed that B.O.D removal is about 90% and coil form
removal.

FIG (G) SHOWS :- OXIDATION PONDS:

APPURTENANCES
The different devices required for construction, operation and
maintenance of the entire sewerage system are called appurtenances.
Appurtenances are classified as follows:1 MANHOLES:The opening construction in a sewer for the purpose of permitting a man
to enter or to leave the sewer is called manhole.
Manholes are classified as shallow manhole or normal manholes and
deep manholes if the depth is about 75cms to 90cms or more than

150cms respectively, shallow manhole is also known as inspection

chamber.

FIG (H) SHOWS :- MANHOLES

2 DROP MANHOLES:
The manholes which drop the level of invert of the incoming sewer by
providing a vertical shaft thus avoiding the splashing of sewage on the
man working in manhole and in the masonary are called drop manholes.

3 CATCH BASINS
The structure constructed in the form of a chamber and provided along
the sewer line to admit clean rain water free from suspended silt, floating
rubbish etc. into the combined sewer are called basins.

FIG (I) SHOWS :- CATCH BASINS

4 INVERTED SIPHON:
The section of sewer which is constructed lower than the adjacent sewer
sections is termed as inverted siphon or depressed sewer. In this case
water flows under gravity with pressure more than atmospheric pressure.

FIG (J) INVERTED SIPHON:

5 FLUSHING TANKS:
The arrangement or devices made for holding and then throwing water
into the sewer for the purpose of flushing is termed as flushing tank.

6 VENTILATION SHAFT
The shaft provided for ventilation purpose is called ventilation shaft.

7 LAMP HOLE:
Lamp hole is like a vertical shaft is about 25cms to 35cms diameter
connected to a sewer. It is generally an opening as sewer
For the purpose of lowering a lamp inside it covered at top C.I and
R.C.C cover. It is generally provided at change of gradient, curves and
where sufficient space is not available for the manhole.
8 GREASE AND OIL TRAPS
These are constructed to remove oil and grease from the sewage before
it enters into the sewer line. These are located near the sources

contributing grease and oil to the sewage such as automobile repair

workshops, garbages, kitchen of hotels, oil industries, grease industries.

GREASE TRAPS

OIL TRAPS

SAMPLE OF WATER
sample of water before and after the treatment in sewage treatment plant

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 water supply and sanitary engineering
By: M.L OHRI
2. Water supply and waste water engineering
By: D.LAL
3 Water supply and sanitary engineering
By: S.C.RANGAWALA

ADMINSTRATIVE BLOCK

INLET CHAMBER

SLUDGE SUMP

MCC

MBBR

MBBR

SUMMARY
In Inlet Chamber the sewage firstly trap in the bar screen (Dia 2mm -20mm) and
then moves to grit Separator where grit and paddles get separated from the sewage
and the grit three sewage enter into the distribution chamber where it get divided
into two stream each stream is of 15MLD Capacity then the sewage enter into the
MBBR is called as Moving Bed Bioreactor in. IN these reactor the oxgen will be
supplied at the rate of 12gm per sqmt. By means of air blowers. Air grit for
perculation is fixed at the base of the reactor . A plastic type of media continous
pops up in the reactor to called fresh bacteria which is present in the natural air
which increase the surface are. And the speedly grows of the the bacteria digest the
sewage into sludge. Than the sludge which contain 80-90% water moves into clari
tube setller where scrapers separated the sludge and water come on the top of the
tank which passes fro the tube modules then again sewage flow by greadent to the
clorian contat each tank where clorine will be added to the water at the rate of 2
ppm to disinfect the water and then treated affluent will be pumped out to the tawi
river by means of treated effulent pump

In CCT. The retention time will b e 30mts . Then the sewage will be
settled down at the CTS and from the CCT also get collected at sludge
slump from where it pump to the sludge digestor where the sewage get
more thicken and the retention time in the digestor will be 10 days
minimum because of its retention timing 65 to 70 % moisture get
absorbed and next it get pumped in to the sludge thickner where bridge
which is mounted at slopt thicker the sludge and 80-95 % moisture get
absorbed then this thicker sludged and this thicken sludge moved into

the centrifuge shed where it converged into cake form by means of

centrifuge these cakes can be used as manure for agricultural purpose

CONTENTS
NECESSITY OF SEWAGE TREATMENT
SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM
NATURAL METHOD OF DISPOSAL
SUITABILITY OF LAND TREATMENT
PRINCIPLES OF SANITATION
TREATMENT UNITS

SCREENING:
GRIT CHAMBER
AERATION TANK:
PRIMARY CLARIFIERS:

SEWAGE FILTERS
CONTACT BED
INTERMITTENT SAND FILTERS
TRICKLING FILTERS
OXIDATION PONDS:
APPURTENANCES
SUMMARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY