DECODINGEUROCODES2+7:DESIGNOFFOUNDATIONS

CO
G
OCO S 2
SG O O
O S
DrAndrewBond(Geocentrix)

Outlineoftalk
April2010:thedeathofBritishStandards?
UKimplementationofEurocodes
Verification of strength: limit states STR and GEO
Verificationofstrength:limitstatesSTRandGEO
Sometechnicalpitfalls
GuidanceonuseofEurocodes

APRIL 2010 THE DEATH OF BRITISH STANDARDS?

APRIL2010:THEDEATHOFBRITISHSTANDARDS?

BritishStandardsforfoundationspriortoApril2010

Oct-10

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Europeandesignstandardsforfoundations(Eurocodes)

Oct-10

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Europeanspecificationsformaterials(andtestingstandards)

Oct-10

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Europeanexecutionstandards

Oct-10

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UK IMPLEMENTATION OF EUROCODES
UKIMPLEMENTATIONOFEUROCODES

BON
ND AND
D HARRIS (200
08)

TheEurocodefamily

Oct-10

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BON
ND AND
D HARRIS (200
08)

RoleofEurocodesinUKpractice

Oct-10

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10

BSIPublishedDocumentstosupporttheEurocodes

Oct-10

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DefactoUKstandardsforbasementdesign

Oct-10

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VERIFICATIONOFSTRENGTH:LIMITSTATESSTRANDGEO
C
O O S
G
S
SS
G O

VerificationofstrengthisexpressedinEurocode7by:

E d Rd

Ed =designeffectofactions
Rd =designresistancecorrespondingtothateffect

AppliestoGEO:
Failureorexcessivedeformationoftheground,inwhichthestrength
of soil or rock is significant inprovidingresistance
ofsoilorrockissignificant
in providing resistance
EN199712.4.7.1(1)P

andtoSTR:
and to STR:
Internalfailureorexcessivedeformationofthestructureor
structuralelementsinwhichthestrengthofstructuralmaterialsis
significant inprovidingresistance
in providing resistance
EN199712.4.7.1(1)P

Oct-10

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EN199712.4
4.7.1(1
1)P

Verificationofstrength

Applicationofpartialfactorsandtolerances

Actions

Fd = F Frep

Effects of actions

E d = E E {Fd , X d , ad }

Material properties

Xd =

Xk

Resistances

Geometrical parameters

ad = anom a
Oct-10

Rd =

R {Fd , X d , ad }

Decoding Eurocode 7 2005-10 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved

R
15

BON
ND AND
D HARRIS (200
08)

VerificationofstrengthforSTR(structuraldesign)

Oct-10

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BON
ND AND
D HARRIS (200
08)

VerificationofstrengthforGEO/STR(DA11)

Oct-10

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BON
ND AND
D HARRIS (200
08)

VerificationofstrengthforGEO/STR(DA12)

Oct-10

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PartialfactorsforGEO/STR(DA1):footings,walls,andslopes
Parameter

Symbol

Combination1
A1

A2

1 35
1.35

(G,fav)

1.0

Unfavourable

1.5

1.3

Favourable

(0)

(0)

Shearingresistance(tan)
g
(
)

Effectivecohesion(c)

Undrainedshearstrength(cu)

cu

Unconfinedcompressivestrength(qu)

qu

Weightdensity()

Bearing resistance (Rv)

Bearingresistance(R

Rv

Slidingresistance(Rh)

Rh

Earthresistance(Re)

Re

Oct-10

R1

Permanent Unfavourable
Permanent
action(G)
Favourable
Variable
Variable
action(Q)

M1

Combination2
M2

R1

10
1.0

1.0

1.25

1.4

1.0
10
1.0

Decoding Eurocode 7 2005-10 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved

10
1.0

19

SOME TECHNICAL DETAILS

SOMETECHNICALDETAILS

Designcompressivestrengthofconcreteis:

fcd = cc fck c
fck =characteristiccompressivestrengthofconcrete(fromcylindertests)
c =partialfactorforconcreteincompression
= partial factor for concrete in compression
cc =factorforlongtermeffectsoncompressivestrengthandunfavourable
effectsresultingfromthewaytheloadisapplied
Designtensilestrengthofconcreteis:

fctd = ct fctk ,0.05 c = 0.21 f

23
ct ck

fctk,0.05
g
(
value))
ctk 0 05 =characteristictensilestrengthofconcrete(5%fractile
ct =factorforlongtermeffectsontensilestrength,etc.
[fck hasunitsofMPa inthisexpression]

Oct-10

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21

EN199211EXXP (3.15
53.16)&TABLE 3.1
1

Designstrengthofconcrete

EN1992113
3.2.7(2
2)

Designstrengthofreinforcingsteel
Designyieldstrengthofreinforcingsteelis:

fydd = fykk s
fyk =characteristicyieldstrengthofreinforcingsteel
s =partialfactorforreinforcingsteel
= partial factor for reinforcing steel

Oct-10

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22

EN1992113
3.1.6&
&PD66
687

Factorforlongtermeffectsonconcretestrength
Document

EN199211
UK NA (Amd 1)
UKNA(Amd

Reinforcedconcrete
Compression

Tension

Compression

Tension

cc

ct

cc,pl

ct,pl

1.0

1.0

0.8

0.8

0.85
0
85 flexure/axial
1.0otherwise

10
1.0

06
0.6

08
0.8

Long vs shorttermstrength

Oct-10

Plain/lightlyreinforcedconc.

Justificationforcc =0.85

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Limitstates

Design
situation

Reinforcedconcrete
General

Ultimate

Serviceability

Reinforcingandpre
stressingsteel

Piles*
Piles

kfc

Persistent

1.5

1.65

1.15

Transient

1.5

1.65

1.15

Accidental

1.2

1.32

1.0

Seismic

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

*Cast
Castinplacepiles
in place piles withoutpermanentcasing;k
without permanent casing; kf =1.1
=11
RecommendedvalueforsituationsnotexplicitlycoveredbyEN1992

Oct-10

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24

EN1992112
2.4.2.4
4&2.4
4.2.5

Partialfactorsforreinforcedconcrete

Bendingresistanceofsinglyreinforcedbeam
Verificationofbendingresistancerequires:

MEd MRd
MEd =designvalueofappliedbendingmomenteffect
MRd =designbendingresistance,givenby:
= design bending resistance given by:

MRdd

fyd As

= As fyd d 1

2 fcd bd

As =areaofsteelreinforcement
fyd =designyieldstrengthofreinforcingsteel
d i
i ld
h f i f i
l
b =widthofcrosssection;d=itseffectivedepth
fcdd =designcompressivestrengthofconcrete
design compressive strength of concrete
=1.0

Oct-10

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Designchatsforsinglyreinforcedbeams

0.3
0.28

0.26
0 24
0.24

M / bd^^2 (MPa)

K = M / bd^2fcd

0.22
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1

6
5

fck = 50 MPa
45 MPa
40 MPa
35 MPa
30 MP
MPa
25 MPa
20 MPa

4
3

0.08

0 06
0.06
0.04

0.02
0

0.04

0.08

0.12

0.16

0.2

0.24

( / bd) (fyd/fcd)
(As
(f d/f d)

Oct-10

0.28

0.32

0.36

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

As / bd (%)

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Differencesbetweendesignaids
DesignaidsforEurocode2thathaveappearedtodatepresentN:Minteraction
diagramsinsubtlydifferentways:
Author/Guide

Axes

TTDesignersGuide

ConcreteCentre

TCCSpreadsheets

Oct-10

NEd
MEd
vs 3
2
h fcd h fcd

Contours

As fyd
h2fcd
As fyk

NEd
MEd
vs 3
2
h fck h fck

h2fck

NEd (kN) vs MEd (kNm)

As ((e.g.
g 4B32))

Decoding Eurocodes 2+7 2010 Geocentrix Ltd and Modulus Structural Engineering Ltd

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EN1992116
6.2.3(1
1)

Trussmodelforvariablestrutinclinationmethod

Oct-10

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Designchartsforshearresistance

21.8

0.9

Shear resisttance (MPa)

08
0.8

vRd.c (MPa)

0.7
0.6

2%
1 75%
1.75%
1.5%
1.25%
1.0%
0.75%
0 5%
0.5%
0.25%
0.15%

05
0.5
0.4
0.3
02
0.2
0.1

20
0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

25

30

35

40

45

1600

Truss angle
g ((deg)
g)
Effective depth (mm)

Oct-10

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29

AssumptionsusedtodevelopN:Minteractioncharts

Reinforcingbarsare(rotationally)symmetricalaboutthepilecentre
Above neutral axis concrete and reinforcing bars provide compression force
Aboveneutralaxis,concreteandreinforcingbarsprovidecompressionforce
Belowneutralaxis,onlyreinforcingbarsprovidetension
Shapeofconcreteincompression=segmentofcircle;mustdeductareaofsteelin
compressionzonefromit

Oct-10

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30

PILEE INTERA
ACTION DIAGRA
AM

Circularpile(D=600mm,c=75mm,l=32mm,t =8mm)

Feltham(2004),paperinTheStructuralEngineer

Areaofconcretestrut
dv z

2rs/

Oct-10

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32

Comparingminimumreinforcementforconcretepiles
Minimum longitudinal reinforcement for concrete piles
40

Ac.EN1992,max
m

As (cm^2
2)

30

20

EN 1536 (bored piles)

BD 74/00 (bored piles)
EN 14199 (driven cast-in-place)
EN 14199 (micropiles)

10

Minimum for column (EN 1992)

Maximum for column (EN 1992)
EN 1992 (bored piles)
0

0 25
0.25

05
0.5

0 75
0.75

1 25
1.25

15
1.5

Ac (m^2)
Oct-10

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33

GUIDANCE ON USE OF EUROCODES

GUIDANCEONUSEOFEUROCODES

GuidancefromSCI/BCSA/Corus/ConcreteCentre

http://www.steel-ncci.co.uk/

27 October
2010

WW
WW.EUR
ROCODEE7.COM

DesignersGuides,Decodingbookandblog

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WW
WW.GEO
OCENTRIX.CO.UK/TRAINING

DecodingtrainingcoursesfromGeocentrix

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JACK OFFO
ORD (WIITH APO
OLOGIESS TO MUNCH)

TheEurocodeScream

Oct-10

April 2010 - the death of British Standards

38

FURTHERINFORMATIONISAVAILABLEAT.
Eurocode7training:www.geocentrix.co.uk
Eurocode7book:www.decodingeurocode7.com
Eurocode7blog:www.eurocode7.com