DELHI PUBLIC

SCHOOL
NIGAHI
AISSCE 2016-17
PHYSICS PROJECT WORKREFRACTIVE INDEX OF DIFFERENT
LIQUIDS USING HOLLOW GLASS SLAB
NAME
: yash chitransh
CLASS
: XII
ROLL NO.:

TEACHERS SIGN
SIGN
MR. MUKESH SHARMA
HOD PHYSICS

PRINCIPALS
MR.S.S. THAPAR

CONTENTS :
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2. WHY A PROJECT
3. DECLARATION
4. AIM
5. INTRODUCTION
6. APPARATUS
7. THEORY
8. PROCEDURE

9. OBSERVATION
10. PRECAUTION

DECLARATION :
I HAVE DECLARED THAT I HAVE CARRIED
OUT THE EXPERIMENT TO THE BEST OF MY
KNOWLEDGE AND ABILITY. THIS IS
COMPLETED IN ALL RESPECT. IT TOOK ME
ABOUT A WEEK TO COMPLETE THIS
PROJECT.
Yash chitransh
ROLL NO

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT :
I am grateful to express my gratitude towards my
respected guide Mr. Mukesh Sharma is also our teacher
this is his supervision and guidance that the Project
work was taken up and completed.
I am also grateful to Mr. S.S. Thaper, the honorable
principal of our school for his generosity and
encouragement and the as well as cordial atmosphere
provided by him, which went a long way in completing
the project work.
I must extreme heartiest thanks towards all the staff
and attendants of physics Laboratory, without the help
of whom this work would have never been completed

I express my sincere thanks to my class -mates for

their valuable assistance and co-operation during the
course of the project work.
And at the last thanks to all those, who directly or
indirectly helped me in making this work and report in
reality.
Yash chitransh
Class XII

WHY A PROJECT :
A PROJECT ON AN INVESTIGATION
HELP TO DEVELOP THE CONCEPT
OF ORIGINAL
THINKING AND EXCECUTION OF
SCIENTIFIC IDEAS.
A STUDENT CAN PLAN ONES OWN
EXPERIMENT AND PERFORM IT TO
TEST VALIDITY OF THE IDEA .

AIM :
TO PREPARE
REFRACTIVE INDEX OF
DIFFERENT LIQUIDS USING
HOLLOW GLASS SLAB
OBJECTIVES:
TO FIND OUT THE REFRACT IVE
INDEX OF VARIOUS LIQUIDS
USING A HOLLOW GLASS SLAB

INTRODUCTION
This project is of investigatory
type. in this project hollow glass
slab has been used to calculate
the refractive index of various
liquids. The hollow glass slab is
filled with liquid and then the
experiment is performed.
APPARATUS :

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

Drawing board
Sheet of paper
Hollow glass slab
Graph Paper
Protractor
Drawing papers
Pins
Pencil

THEORY:
REFRACTION:
In a little more genus medium, light travels
along a straight line, but whenever it falls on a
surface of another medium,a very small fraction
of it is reflected back and most of the light
passes into the medium though with a change
of direction. This phenomenon of the bending
of light at the surface of separation of the two
medium is called refraction of light.

# Causes of refraction:
This phenomenon of refraction takes place
when a beam of light enters a medium in which
light travels with different velocity.
Laws Of Refraction:
1. The incident ray,. the refracted and the
normal to the surface at the point of incidence
lie on same plane.
2. For any two given media, the ratio of the sine
of the angle of incidence to the angle of
refraction is a constant, where it is the angle of
incidence and is the angle refraction.
# Medium:
The surrounding substance through which the
light travels.

For monochromatic light, the ratio of the sine of

the angle of incidence to the sine of angle of
refraction is a constant for any two given
media. If I is he angle of incidence and r' is
the angle of refraction ,then:
sin i /sin r = const.
The constant is called the refractive index is
with respect with air
When light travels from a rarer to a denser
medium, it bends towards the normal and vice
versa when it goes from a denser to a rarer
medium. It has been experimentally shown that
Refractive index of substance=
(Velocity of light in air)/(Velocity of light in
substance )

PROCEDURE:
1. Fix a sheet of paper on drawing board with
drawing pins. Place glass slab nearly in the
middle of the sheet 2. Mark the boundary of the
glass slab with a sharp pencil and label it as
PQRS after removing the slab from its position
3. On the line PQ mark a point E and draw a
normal N1EN2 at it. Draw a line AE making
angle aen1 with the normal. The angle should
neither be small nor too large(say about 40
degree).

4. Now place the glass slab again on its

boundary PQRS and fix two pins. A and B
vertically about 10cm apart on the line AE(say
points A and B)
5. Look through the glass slab along the plane
of paper from the side SR and move your head
until the images of two pin A and B are seen
clearly. Closing your one, adjust the position of
your head in such a way that the images of the
pins A and B lie in the same straight line.
6. Fix two other pins C and D vertically in such
a way that the images of the pins A and B pins
C and D, all these four,lie in the same straight
line. Ensure that the feet of the pins (not there
head) lie in same straight line
7. Remove and slab and also the pins from the
board and encircle the pin-pricks on the paper,
with a sharp pencil.
8. Join the points D and C and produce the line
DC towards the slab so that it meets the
boundary line RS at the point F. Join the points
e and F. thus for the incident ray represented by

line AE, the refracted ray and the emergent ray

are represented by EF and FD respectively.
9. On the line RS draw a normal N1'FN2' at
point F. Now, with a protractor, measure angle
AEN1, angle FEN2 and angle DFNZ labelled as
angle i angle rand angle e respectively.
10. Now place the glass slab at some other
position on the sheet of paper fixed on the
board and repeat all the above steps again
taking another angle of incidence.
11. Measure the angle incidence i.e angle
refraction, angle of emergence, again
12. Make a record of your observation in the
observation in the observation table as shown
below.

OBSERVATION:
1.For H2O

Precautions:
1. A sharp pencil should be. used for drawing
the. boundary of the glass slab.
2. The separation between the pins should not
be less than 8cm .
3. The angle of inciden c e should lie between
45-60.
4. The same and prism s ould be used for all
observations .

5. The pins should have sharp tips and fixed

vertically and the pin pricks should be enriched
immediately after they are removed.
6. Proper arrow should be drawn to indicate.
the, incident, and the emergent rays.

RESULT
The angle of deviation D first decreases with
the increase in the angle op-of
incidence,attains a minimum value and then
increases with further increase in angle of
incidence
The refractive index of:
1. WATER(H20)
2. KEROSENE OIL
3.REFINED OIL

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Master
Vikash Dwivedi completed his
Project with much sincerity and
obedience. He is a hard working
student and has completed his
work before completion of the
tenure. I, hereby declare that
he is a well behaved obedient
student to the best of my
knowledge and belief. He bears
a good moral character.

This project may be considered

as a fulfillment for
A.|.S.S.C.E 2014-2015 conducted
by CBSE.
I assure that he did not resort
to any unfair means and has
done the project by laborious
work.