Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Interaction.
Application to the Hydrogen and
Helium Isotopes
2
e
U np
em = = 2.2 MeV
4!" 0 R
+e neglected
Neutron +e Deuteron Electrostatic +e
dipole "e
non-zero induction means "e
induced by quadrupole neutron-proton +e
+e
the proton attractive force
Neutron Deuteron
Opposite magnetic
µn < 0 magnetic
moments means
Proton moment
repulsive force
µp > 0 µD = µp " |µn| > 0
Deuteron binding energy
from laws of electrostatics and
magnetostatics
e 2 µ0 µ nµ p
U em = Ue + Um = ! +
4"# 0 r np 3
2"r np
Calculated equilibrium distance
The minimum potential (without orbital kinetic energy: l = 0)
gives the binding energy at equilibrium (force = 0) :
dU em r np e 2 6 µnµp
F=! =! 1 ! 2 2 2 =0
dr np 4"# 0 r np e c r np
This gives the neutron-proton equilibrium distance :
6 µnµp
r np = = 0.60 fm
ec
Phenomenological potentials give also values around 0.6 fm
Deuteron binding energy
Replacing rnp at equilibrium in the potential
gives the binding energy of the deuteron :
3
e c
B=! J = ! 1.6 MeV
6"# 0 6 µ n µ p
2 RP gngp RP 3
U em = ! "mpc !
r 8 r
3H has a higher binding energy than 3He due to the lower magnetic
repulsion between neutrons than between protons
4He potential
The electromagnetic potential for an almost regular tetrahedron is :