Jacob Harris

CIED 1003
Learning to Write and Writing to Learn: Insights from Teacher Candidates
By Nancy P. Gallavan PhD, Freddie A. Bowles & Christopher T. Young
Published January 3, 2012
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01626620.2007.10463449

RESPECTing Culture with All Learners

By Freddie A. Bowles University of Arkansas
Nancy P. Gallavan University of Central Arkansas
Published winter 2011
http://www.socstrpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/ms06374_Bowles-9.pdf

TransformationMore Than Meets the Eye: Teacher Candidates' Journeys to Cultural

Competence
By Freddie A. Bowles
Published April 13, 2012
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01626620.2011.627048

RESPECTing Culture with All Learners

This paper starts with introducing what its wanting to do. This paper is about students
learning social studies and what teachers can do to better facilitate that to them using the NCSS
standard 1: Culture as well as using a four part learning experience using a Dr. Seuss story called
the Sneetches. This introduces the teachers to the four principles of culture which then
segways into defining what culture is for social studies. It then goes on to say that a lot of
teachers avoid the study of culture because it sometimes appears controversial and
uncomfortable. It then uses four researchers definitions of culture to make their own and give
teachers a better understanding of what they can do to better teach culture to their students.
Then the paper dives into the acronym RESPECT like in the title. The R stands for
Reality, which is knowing the demographic of your classroom and that many of your students
now speak more than one language or a different language is their primary language. The next is
exploration, meaning that students learn better when they are able to learn and explore about
themselves, and each other, as well as their society as a whole. S stands for senses, sensitivities,
and sensibilities, meaning that they learn best when they use all five senses as well as their
emotion and brain. P is for people, meaning that Social studies is an ever changing subject and
that it is a study about people and their cultures and how they all need to be respected. E is for
equity, meaning basically fairness in the classroom. C is for Care, meaning that teachers need to
take care of their students and if they do that then the learning environment will be much more
beneficial. Lastly, T is for Talk, meaning, teachers need to encourage students to talk and find out
whats important to them and talk in cooperative groups or other partners.
The last part of this article goes into the four part learning experience. Part 1 is called
RESPECT KWLH chart which is a chart that has the acronym RESPECT that we went over
earlier in one column and the KWLH acronym in the perpendicular row with K standing for what
we Know now, W is for what we Want to Learn, L for what we have Learned, and H for How did
we learn. Part 2 is the sneetches and culture wheel, which is where the teacher reads the
sneetches book to the class and explains after reading that everyone is different and that cultures
and society is changing; then giving them a culture wheel which has things like gender,
nationality, language, etc. for them to fill out. Part 3 deals with the power of language, the
teacher would give them a blank t-chart and tell them to out words in one column that mean fair
and the other column meaning un-fair and talks about them using those words in sentences and
giving examples about why the sneetches could use those words. Part 4 is the last part and deals
with a simulation related to power and respect, so it says the teacher tells them that they are all
sneetches and she gives them each a different colored star meaning different things, which will
soon get them confused and frustrated so then the teacher gives them all multicolored stars. The
simulation is supposed to reveal the power of engaging in social studies and how to understand
ourselves and our society with one another, locally and globally.