Kicklighter 1

Lydia Kicklighter
Professor Padgett
English 102
October 18, 2016
Annotated Bibliography
Proposed Thesis: If students have more screen time and access to technology than past
generations, this will eventually negatively affect their growth be it socially, cognitively, or even
academically.
Cyr, Betty-Ann, Steven L. Berman, and Megan L. Smith. "The Role of Communication
Technology In Adolescent Relationships And Identity Development." Child & Youth Care
Forum 44.1 (2015): 79-92. ERIC. Web. 18 Oct. 2016.
Teens can create false identities and representations of themselves online through social
media sites. They can pretend to be someone theyre not and hide behind a computer
screen all alone. This can be severely damaging to their sense of self-worth and identity
because they are basically living a double life. When technology usage changes from
being a convenient method of communication to becoming a preferred method of
communication, it could be particularly problematic, especially when this preference
stems from a desire to avoid direct face to face social contact. That shows that teens are
becoming increasingly isolated and scared to have direct contact with someone, which
stems directly from technology. This is stunting their growth and not allowing them to
grow and change with more contact with their classmates and friends.
DeWeese, Katherine Lynn. "Screen Time, How Much Is Too Much? The Social and Emotional
Costs of Technology on the Adolescent Brain." Online Submission (2014). ERIC. Web. 18
Oct. 2016.

Screen time, defined by how much time anyone looks at smartphones, tablets,
computers, televisions, or anything with a screen, is increasing and growing with every
day and every new technological invention. DeWeese delves into different disorders that
can be caused from too much screen time like ADD, ADHD, OCD, and others. And also
despite teenagers ability to be connected everywhere and to everything, there is a greater
sense of isolation among teens today. Middle school and high school aged kids are at such
a crucial point in their lives of development with puberty and becoming themselves and
gaining more independence where they can see themselves apart from their parents. So
with the new technology, it poses a threat to this development because of the isolation of
it.
Fitton, Victoria1, et al. "The Role Of Technology On Young Adolescent Development:
Implications For Policy, Research And Practice." Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal
30.5 (2013): 399-413. Education Source. Web. 18 Oct. 2016.
This article focuses more on the positive sides of technology and how teens and
adolescents can grow with their technology and see themselves online as well as in real
life, Fitton states Research suggests that relational interaction is enhanced by Internet use
for socially engaged adolescents (Desjarlais & Willoughby, 2010), but that the same
Internet use may create further barriers and isolation for already socially isolated youth
(Jackson et al., 2008b). So again, this article also talks about that sweet spot, and that
there can be too much of a good thing. And too much can cause teens to be uninvolved in
their own lives.
Ives, Eugenia A. "iGeneration: The Social Cognitive Effects of Digital Technology on
Teenagers."Online Submission (2012). ERIC. Web. 18 Oct. 2016.

Ives looks into the negative effects of technology, and one thing she specifically focuses
on is the aspect of a tethered life. She talks about how people are at a park or in a coffee
house or anywhere public, but they are all tethered to their devices. Barely anyone talks
to anyone else; it is all about human interaction with cell phone. Being tethered goes
much farther than just in a social situation, according to Ives, they [people] no longer feel
normal if they do not check it all day long. Smartphones allow us to be connected
anywhere and everywhere.
Qahri-Saremi, Hamed1, 2 and Ofir3,4 Turel. "School Engagement, Information Technology Use,
And Educational Development: An Empirical Investigation Of Adolescents." Computers
& Education 102.(2016): 65-78. Education Source. Web. 18 Oct. 2016.
Qahri-Saremi breaks up students IT (information technologies) into two different
sections; hedonic and utilitarian. Hedonic IT are things like video games and social media sites,
while utilitarian ones are things that are school and education focused and oriented. He states that
the hedonic IT will eventually harm and hurt students in the long run, while utilitarian IT will help
them with more schoolwork and the growing technology in the working world.
Spies Shapiro, Lauren1, lspies@usc.edu, and Gayla1 Margolin. "Growing Up Wired:
Social Networking Sites And Adolescent Psychosocial Development." Clinical Child &
Family Psychology Review 17.1 (2014): 1-18. Education Source. Web. 18 Oct. 2016.
Shapiro talks about the importance of sleep, especially for teens, and how they are getting
less and less of it because of technology. Using a screen two hours before bed can keep
people up, and most teens use their technology up until the minute their head hits the
pillow. This can also be a factor in daytime sleepiness. So technology in students lives is
keeping them up at night, not allowing them to get restful sleep, and then making them
tired during the day so they cant even focus in class. Then they are most likely using

more electronic devices for class that will make them more tired, and so on and so forth.
It is a never ending cycle of sleeplessness.