No

Type Text
Narrative

Social Function
To entertain or to
amuse the readers
with actual or
imaginary
experience in
different ways

Generic Structure
1. Orientation
2. Complication
3. Resolution

Descriptive

To describe a
particular person,
place or thing

1. Identification
2. Description

Recount

Report

To presenting
information about
something or to
describe the way
things are

1. General
classification
2. Description

Spoof

To tell an event with

a humorous twist

1. Orientation
2. Events
3. Twist

To tell the readers

1. Orientation
what happened in the 2. Events
3. Re-orientation
past through a
sequence of events

Language Features
1. The use of noun
phrase
2. The use of
adverbial phrases
of time and place
3. The use of simple
past tense
4. The use of action
verbs
5. The use of
adjectives
phrases
1. Focus on specific
participants
2. Use of attributive
and identifying
processes
3. Frequent use
classifiers in
nominal groups
4. Use of the simple
present tense
1. Use of pronouns
and nouns
2. Use of action
verbs in past
3. Use of past tense
4. Use of adverbial
phrases
5. Use of adjectives
1. The use general
nouns
2. The use of
relating verbs
3. The use of
present tense
4. The use of
behavioral verbs
1. Use of
connectives
2. Use of adverbial
phrases of time

3.
6

Procedure

Analytical

To help the readers

do a task or make
something

1. Goals
2. Materials
3. Steps

1.
2.
3.

To persuade the
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
readers or the
3. Reiteration
listeners that
something in the
case, to analyze or to
explain

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

Hortatory

To persuade the
readers or the
listeners that
something should or
should not be the
case

1. Thesis
1.
2. Arguments
2.
3. Recommendation
3.
4.
5.

News Item

To inform readers or 1. Newsworthy

listeners about
event
2.
Background
events of the day
events
which are considered
3.
Sources
newsworthy or
important

6.
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

10

Explanation

To explain the

1. A general

1.

and place
Use of simple
past tense
Use of imperative
Use of action
verbs
Use of
connectives
Emotive words
Words that
qualify
statements
Words that link
arguments
Usually present
tense
Compound and
complex
sentences
Emotive words
Words that
qualify
statements
Words that link
arguments
Usually present
tense
Compound and
complex
sentences
Modal auxiliary
Information on
the use of head
lines
Use of action
verbs
Use of saying
verbs
Use of passive
sentences
Use of adverbs in
passive sentences
Focus on generic,

11

Discussion

process involved in
statement to
non-human
the formation or
position the
participants
2. Use mainly of
working of natural or
reader
2. A sequenced
general and
socio cultural
explanation of
abstract nouns,
phenomena
why or how
action verbs,
something occurs
simple present
3. Closing
tense, passive
voice,
conjunction of
time and cause,
noun phrases,
complex
sentences, and
technical
language
3. Use mainly of
material
processes and
relational
processes
4. Use mainly of
temporal and
causal
circumstances
and conjunctions
To present
1. Opening
1. Use of general
information and
statement
nouns
2. Use of relating
opinions about more
presenting the
verbs
than one side of an
issue
3.
Use of thinking
2. Arguments or
issue
verbs
evidence for
different points of 4. Use of additive
connectives
view
5.
Use of
3. Concluding
contrastive
recommendation
connectives
6. Use of casual
connectives
7. Use of modal
auxiliary
8. Use of adverbial

manner
Name

: Mentari Viona

Class

: XII IPA 8