2 - Twisted Pair Cabling Systems

TWISTED PAIR CABLING SYSTEMS
AMP NETCONNECT System Training
Copper Cables
Coaxial cabling has a single copper conductor and
a plastic layer provides insulation between the
center conductor and a braided metal sheath.
Coaxial cables are network specific cables and
are not specified in the standard for generic
cabling system applications.
Coaxial Cable
Twisted Pair Cable
Twisted Pair cables consist of pairs of conductors

with matching pairs twist wrapped around each
other.
ISO call this cable Balanced cable, while TIA call
this cable Twisted Pair.
Information is Tyco Electronics Confidential & Proprietary
page 2 / 19 August 2011
Twisted Pair Wires

Consists of two insulated copper wires arranged in a regular spiral pattern to minimize
the electromagnetic interference between adjacent pairs
Often used at customer facilities and also over distances to carry voice as well as data
communications
Low frequency transmission medium
Two varieties
STP (shielded twisted pair)
the pair is wrapped with metallic foil or braid to
insulate the pair from electromagnetic interference
UTP (unshielded twisted pair)
each wire is insulated with plastic wrap, but the
pair is encased in an outer covering
Twisted Pair Cabling

Has been around for a long time
Created for voice transmissions
Most widely used media for networking
Lighter
More flexible
Easier to install
Cheaper
Greater speeds
Unshielded twisted Pair
Two types:
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
Screened twisted pair (ScTP)
Screened Twisted Pair
Twisted-Pair Cable
One difference between the different
categories of UTP is the tightness of the
twisting of the copper pairs.
The tighter the twisting, the higher the
supported transmission rate and the greater
the cost per foot.
The quality of UTP may vary from telephonegrade wire to extremely high-speed cable.
The cable has four pairs of wires inside the
jacket.
Each pair is twisted with a different number of
twists per inch to help eliminate interference
from adjacent pairs and other electrical
devices.
Buy the best cable you can afford.
Unshielded Twisted Pair Types

Benefits of UTP
Inexpensive and readily available
Flexible and light weight
Easy to work with and install
Disadvantages of UTP
May be susceptible to radio noise and electrical frequency interference (RFI, EFI).
Attenuation problem
For analog, repeaters needed every 5-6km
For digital, repeaters needed every 2-3km
Relatively low bandwidth (3000Hz)
Twisted Pair Cable Applications

T-568-A Wiring
(Pair Used)
T-568-B Wiring
(Pair Used)
1&3
1&2
3,6 & 4,5
10 Base-T
3&2
2&3
1,2 & 3,6
Token Ring
1&2
1&2
4,5 & 3,6
3&4
3&4
1,2 & 7,8
3&2
2&3
1,2 & 3,6
1 to 4
1 to 4
1,2 & 3,6 & 4,5 & 7,8
Network Platform
Cable Category Min

Requirement
Analog Voice
ISDN
Cat 3
Pin Used
4,5
TP-PMD (CDDI)
ATM
Cat 5
100Base-TX
100Base-T4
100VG-AnyLAN
Cat 3
1000Base-T
Cat 5e
10GBase-T
Cat 6a
Where Pair 1 = Blue color, Pair 2 = Orange color, Pair 3 = Green color and Pair 4 = Brown color
AMP NETCONNECT 100 Twisted Pair Cables

Cable Flame Rating
CM Communication Multi Purpose
CMR Communication Riser Rated
CMP Communication Plenum
LSZH Low Smoke Zero Halogen
Cat 3, Multi-pair
Cat 5, 4 pr
Cat 5e, 4 pr
Cat 7a, 4
(PiMF)
Cat 6, 4 pr
(Cross filler)
Cat 7, 4 pr
(PiMF)
Wooden Reel
Pull Box
Reel-In-Box
Micro Pore
Hologra
Signal Transmission
The main reason for twisting pair of conductors is to minimize crosstalk and noise by
decreasing capacitance unbalance and mutual inductance coupling between pairs
through electromagnetic field cancellation.
Each pair is twisted because this allows opposing fields in the wire pair to cancel each
other.
The tighter the twist, the more effective the cancellation and the higher the data rate
supported by the cable.
Signal Transmission
Balanced circuit uses 2 wires (Tip & Ring) to carry the signal.
Currents flowing through the wires in each pair are equal, but flow in opposite
directions. These currents produce electromagnetic fields that could transmit electrical
noise to nearby wires.
However, the fields surrounding the two wires have opposite polarities. Twisting the
wires together reduce inductive coupling between pairs.
Inductive coupling is cause by the expanding and contracting magnetic fields caused
by a signal through the wire.
The twists create coupling between the two wires in the pair such that opposing
electromagnetic fields are canceled.
Signal Transmission
Balanced Mode Transmission is also known as
Differential Mode Transmission
+V1 and -V2 has equal magnitude but phase
Signal Voltage
difference of 180
The difference VDIFF = V1 - V2 is the wanted
Vdiff = V1 V2
5V
signal that carries information.

V1
V2
No current flows to ground because of symmetry
2.5 V
of V1 and V2 above ground. All differential current

flows through the LOAD.
0V
Time
-2.5 V
V2
V1
All Physical Layer (PHY) transceivers for LAN and

Telecom applications are differential mode
-5 V
Vdiff = V1 V2
devices.
The instantaneous
sum of
Information is Tyco Electronics
Confidential & Proprietary
V2 ) is ideally zero
+
the two voltages
( V1 2011
page 11 / 19 August
Balanced Mode Transmission Over

Twisted Pair
The signal is fed into the wire pair (Tip and Ring) using differential mode transmission
scheme
Transmitter
+5V
Receiver
+2.5V
+2.5V
-2.5V
-2.5V
+5V
The two conductors of a pair carry the opposite transmitted signal:

The difference of the signals carries all the data
+2.5V1 - ( -2.5V2 ) = +5.0VDiff

The sum of the signals is ideally zero resulting in no net emissions
+2.5V1 + ( -2.5V2 ) = 0VEmission


Twisted Pair
scheme
Transmitter
+5V
Receiver
+2.5V + N +5V
+2.5V
N
-2.5V
-2.5V + N
Only the differential (opposite on the two conductors) data signal is let into the receiver
+2.5V1 + N - ( -2.5V2 + N ) = +5.0VDiff

External noise pickup is ideally the same on the two conductors (zero difference) and
ignored by the receiver resulting in total noise suppression

Twisted Pair
scheme
Transmitter
+5V
Receiver
+2.5V + N +5V
+2.5V
-2.5V
-2.5V
The differential (opposite on the two conductors) data signal and Noise is let into the
receiver
+2.5V1 + N - ( -2.5V2 ) = +5.0VDiff + N

External noise pickup on either of the two conductors cannot be neutralized and will
interfere with desired signal received.
Screened Twisted Pair Cables

Shielding Benefits
Reduce the level of radiated signal from the cable.
Minimize the effect of external electromagnetic interference (EMI) on the wire pairs.
Provide electrical hazard protection when properly grounded.
Provide physical protection.
Balance
EMI
+V
Tx
+v+n
2V
Hub
2V Rx
-V
Shielding
-v+n NIC
EMI
+V
Tx
+v
2V
Hub
2V Rx
-V
-v
NIC
Background Noise
Background noise have previously not influenced any application, as the frequency
pattern used have been to low for Arial distributed signals:
10 Mbps Ethernet @ 10 MHz
100 Mbps Ethernet @ 31 MHz
1.000 Mbps Ethernet @ 62 MHz
Arial distributed signals comes mainly from:
Radio and TV signals @ 87 to 860 MHz
Cellular Phone signals @ 600 to 1900 MHz
DECT wireless phone signals @ 150 to 500 MHz
10G BASE-T uses a frequency of 417 MHz which means that it meets all of the above
signals or harmonics hereof.
Telecommunication Frequency
RFID plus Sensors

DAB Broadcast
M Broadcast
RFID plus Sensors
TETRA
PS
TETRA
PAMR
PMR
PMR
00MHz
300MHz
GSM(R)
500MHz
DECT
L Band
DAB Broadcast
WiFi
WiMa
UMTS
TV
700MHz
GSM
900MHz
PCN
GPS
1100MHz
1300MHz
1500MHz
1700MHz
1900MHz
2100MHz
2400MHz
2700M
VHF
UHF
Band I
UHF
Band II
What is Shielded Cable?

Cable constructions and designations
Current Designations
New Designations
Description
UTP
U/UTP
Unshielded twisted-pair
FTP
F/UTP
Foil over UTP
S-FTP
SF/UTP
Screen and foil over UTP
S-STP
S/FTP
Screen over foil shielded pairs
Four UTP
Overall Foil Shield/Screen
U Unshielded, F Foil Shield, S Braided Shield

First letter designation indicates type of outer shield
Second letter designation indicates type of shield on each pair
Overall Cable Sheath
Acronyms for balanced cables

For example:
U/UTP = overall unscreened cable with unscreened twisted pairs (often referred to
as UTP)
F/UTP = overall screened cable with unscreened twisted pairs (often referred to as
FTP)
S/FTP = overall braid screened cable with foil screened twisted pairs (often referred
to as STP or PiMF)
SF/UTP = overall braid and foil screened cable with unscreened twisted pairs
Screened Twisted Pair (ScTP) Cables

Foiled Twisted Pair (F/UTP)
Jacket
Foil Shield
Category 5e, 4 pr
Conductor
Category 6, 4 pr
Insulation
Category 6a, 4pr
Rip Cord
Screened, Foiled Twisted Pair (SF/UTP)

ScFTP (Old)
Jacket
Braid
Overall Foil
Conductor
Category 5e, 4 pr
Insulation
Pair in Metal Foil (F/FTP)

PiMF
Rip Cord
Jacket
Foil Shield
Category 6, 4 pr
Individual Foil
Category 7, 4 pr
Conductor
Category 7a, 4 pr
Insulation
Rip Cord
Wire Conductor
Material
Copper based metal
Soft & pliable
Drawn to specific size by wire drawing
operation
Store on smaller spools
nsulated Single
sulated Single
In-line drawing technique
Insulation (dielectric) done by extruder
machine
Insulation material
PVC - Poly Vinyl Chloride
PE - Polyethylene
Polypropylene
FEP - Fluorinated Ethylene Proplene
Precise control required
Conductor size
Conductor centering
Constant finished diameter

wisted Pairing
2 singles - spin around each other to
form a twisted pair
Twinner Machine
For best balance transmission, the 2

conductors must be identical to one
another -- pair balance
osing Balance
Balance can be lost during the twinning process
Tension on the two conductors must be equal as they
travel into the twinner
As the twinner twist the two conductors into a

pair
Adds twist into the individual conductors
Solution

pre-twist or back twisting

affix the 2 singles together
Cabling the Pairs Together
able Shealth or Jacket

Jacket extrusion
In-jet printing
Master Spooling
Rasin
esting and Packaging

Testing
And finally.
Twisted Pair Cable Wire Drawing

In the first phase of the manufacturing process, copper wire is drawn to the proper size
through a drawing process by pulling the wire through a die or a series of dies.
Twisted pairs are generally constructed from solid or stranded conductors with
diameter ranging from 22 AWG (0.64mm) to 24 AWG (0.51mm).
Twisted Pair Cable Wire Drawing

The reduction of the diameter of a metal rod or wire by pulling it through a die or a series of
dies.
Wire drawing
Copper based metal
Soft & pliable (easily bend)
Drawn to specific size by wire drawing operation
Store on smaller spools (cylindrical)
Copper Conductor
Silver, while the best conductor, is expensive
and difficult to work with. Copper is the most
Gold is most commonly used on connectors

because it will not oxidize.
common metal.
One advantage of copper is its ability to be
Resistance
Metals
Circular mil-ohms per foot at 20C
"annealed". After being drawn through dies

from large rod to small wire, copper will get
Silver
9.9
brittle. By placing it in an oven at around
Copper
10.4
Gold
14.7
700oF (371oC), the copper will become

flexible again.
Aluminum
17
constructions such as CATV/broadband
Nickel
47
shields, or in low-cost consumer audio
Steel
74
Aluminum is often used in low-cost cable
interconnect cables.
Twisted Pair Cable Copper Size
Copper size increased on Cat-6 from Cat-5/5e to enhance the following parameter:
Insertion Loss (attenuation), which dictates cable signal strength for required
distance.
The bigger the copper (smaller American Wire Gauge - AWG) the stronger the signal
40 AWG smaller than a hair
30 AWG sewing thread
20 AWG diameter of a pin
10 AWG knitting needle
1 AWG pencil
Twisted Pair Cable Insulation

Insulation
To prevent short-circuits between the
conductors and the environment, individual
wire need to be electrically isolated.
Insulated Single
In-line drawing technique
Insulation (dielectric) done by extruder
machine
Insulation material
PVC - Poly Vinyl Chloride
PE - Polyethylene
PP - Polypropylene
FEP - Fluorinated Ethylene Proplene
(flame retard)
Precise control required
Conductor size
Conductor centering
Constant finished diameter
Twisted Pair Cable Insulation Thickness

Insulation prevents wires from touching each other and creating a short circuit or
grounding portions of a circuit that should not be grounded.
Insulation Thickness
It is important to have cable characteristic impedance as close to 100 (Ohm) as
possible and to minimize the Input Impedance/resistance variation therefore,
minimizing Return Loss.
Insulation thickness has to change with copper size increase to maintain 100
impedance/resistance.
Vacuum = 1
Air = 1.0167
TeflonTM = 2.1
Polyethylene = 2.25
Polypropylene = 2.3
PVC = 3 to 5
Sample of Good Cable Impedance
Sample of Bad Cable Impedance
Twisted Pair Cable Construction

Twisting
Twinner Machine
2 wires of the same gauge spin around each other to form a twisted pair.
Both magnetic induction and unbalanced capacitance are affected by the relative
length and uniformity of pair twists.
To prevent coupling of high frequency signals from one pair to another, different twist
length within a standard range must be used for each wire pair within the cable.

Pair Twist
Different color wire pair in the same cable is assigned a different and unique twist
length or lay.
The tighter the twist the better noise immunity for the cable; NEXT and PSNEXT
problems will be minimized .
Big difference in twist per inch from Category 5e to Category 6.
Solid and Stranded

Conductors come in two variations, solid and stranded.
Solid offers slightly lower resistance.
The key to solid conductors is better performance at high frequencies.
Stranded offers greater flexibility, that is limpness, and greater "flex-life", or flexes until
failure.
Solid Conductor
Stranded Conductor

Stranding
At cabling, the twisted pairs are combined by a strander machine.

The 4 pair of wires are twisted in a clockwise spiral fashion.
Each color combination is assigned a unique position in such a way that when
different twisted pairs are grouped with other pairs, they will be harmonically
compatible.

Pair Separator
To meet the stringent Crosstalk requirement of Category 6, new technologies are
necessary.
The separator to increase the separation between pairs and also to maintain the pair
geometry. This additional separation improves NEXT performance
Example - separators, tapes or other inserts may be used.
Jacket
Separator
Conductor
Insulation
Rip Cord
Avg. OD = 0.230 in (5.84 mm)

Category 6
Avg. OD = 0.180 in (4.57 mm)

Category 5e

Jacketing
During jacketing, an outer protective cable sheath is extruded over the twisted pairs.
Several operations such as metallic tape wrapping and shield braiding and printing
are also performed to produce the finished cable.
Fire Performance Standards

Telecommunications cables are potential source for propagation of fire.
These cables are classified on their ability to reduce or eliminate possible fire hazard.
The majorTest
test method Standards
commonly use are shown in the table.Other Standards
International Standard
Tests for evolution of acidic
and corrosive gas
IEC60754
Part 1 - halogen acid gas
Part 2 - total acid gases
EN50267
Tests for smoke opacity
IEC61034
IEC60695-6
BS7622 (possibly the same content)

NES 711 Smoke Index
Tests for toxicity
Have not been incorporated
Tests for flame propagation
IEC60332
Part 1 - single vertical cable
Part 3 - bunched cable
EN50266
UL1581 (General) 70,000 BTU/Hr flame burnt shall not
longer than 4 feet 11 inches (1.5 meters)
UL1666 (Riser) 527,500 BTU/Hr flame burnt shall not longer
than 12 feet (3.66 meters)
UL910 (Plenum) 320,000 BTU/Hr flame burnt shall not
extend longer than 5 feet (1.52 meters)
Tests for fire resistance
IEC60331
ULVW1
Cable Jacket Fire Rating

Fire Rating means that a material's reaction under fire conditions has been measured.
These cables are classified for use inside buildings on their ability to reduce or eliminate possible fire hazard.
National Electrical Code (NEC) specifies the cable flame rating while Underwriters Laboratories (UL) developed
procedures for testing cable.
Classification
Fire
Performance
UL Test
Comments
CM Communications
Metallic
General Purpose
rated
UL 1581 (Vertical
Tray)
Cable may not transmit flame for more than 4 ft, 11 in. It shall not penetrate floors o
ceilings, i.e, may only be used within a single floor.
Riser rated
UL1666
Cable must not transmit flame from one floor to another for more that 12 feet when
placed vertically in a building shaft (called a riser shaft).
CMR
Communications
Metallic Riser
CMP
Communications
Metallic Plenum
Plenum rated
NFPA 262 (replaced

UL910)
Cable must have both resistance to flame spread for not longer than 5 feet (1.5m)
and reduced smoke generating properties.
These cables are approved for placement in air handling ducts and chambers
(plenums) without the use of fire-proof conduit.
The purpose of the rating is to lessen the transmission of fire and visible smoke to
unaffected parts of the building.
Toxicity is not measured.
Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH)

Classification
LSZH
Low Smoke
Zero
Halogen
Fire
Performance
UL Test
Comments
Low Smoke
& Fume
graded
UL1685
(Vertical Tray
Fire
Propagation
and Smoke
Release)
Cable will extinguish fire itself if no other external heat/fire

is applied.
LSZH are not made standardize by major standard bodies.
CENELEC EN 50167 and EN50169 are starting LSZH for
STP cable
A General
Flammability
Resistance
IEC 60332-1
This cable provides a level of flammability resistance for general

purpose applications
B Reduced Flame
Spread
IEC 60332-1
IEC 60332-3
This cable provides reduced flame spread from bunched cables,

as required in the cable risers
C Low Smoke &

Fume
IEC 60332-1
IEC 60754-1
IEC 60754-2
IEC 61034
This cable provides low emission of smoke and corrosive fumes
Low Fire Risk Cabling

Globally, the following types of cables available
Plenum, CMP and/or OFNP
Riser, CMR and/or OFNR
LSZH or ULSZH
Regional Practice
US: Plenum and Riser
Europe: LSZH
Asia: Riser rated and LSZH, sometime Plenum
Important:
The US and European approaches are different
US
Cables burn very late and at a higher temperature than LSZH cables but the
smoke may contains hazardous materials
Europe
Cables burn earlier but smoke is not dangerous (ZH = Zero halogen)
Priority is protection of occupants
Cable Comparison
Cable Grade
UL Test
Fire Retardant
CM (Communication Metallic)
CMR (Communication Metallic

Riser)
CMP (Communication Metallic

Plenum)
UL 1581 Vertical Tray
UL 1666 Vertical Chamber
UL 910 Steiner Tunnel
Less (More Smoke)
Medium (Medium Smoke)
Higher (Less Smoke)
Application
Patch cord, horizontal wiring,

general purpose outside riser &
plenum
Horizontal & vertical wiring in

vertical shaft, replaceable of CM
Use in plenum directly without

conduit, replaceable of CM & CMR
Wiring Exception
Can be used in plenum with fireproof conduit
Can be used in plenum with fireproof conduit
Fire safety
Less
Medium
More
Environment Impact
More
Medium
Less
Price
Lower
Medium
Higher
Communications (300V)
60C
60C
60C
Power Limited (150V)*
75C
75C
125C
Fire Protective (300V)
75C
75C
125C
OFN, OFNG. OFC, OFCG
OFNR, OFCR
OFNP, OFCP
Compare to Fiber Cable Grade
*150V is the upper limit for Class 2 power limited circuit cable applications. Type CL2 cables do not have UL listed voltage ratings.
Cable Fire Rating
Classification
Fire
Performance
Typical Tests
Guidance Notes
General
Flammability
Resistance
IEC 60332-1
This cable provides a level of flammability resistance for

general purpose applications
Reduced Flame
Spread
IEC 60332-1
IEC 60332-3
This cable provides reduced flame spread from bunched

cables, as required in cable risers
Low Smoke &

Fume
IEC 60332-1, IEC 60754-1 IEC

60754-2 & IEC 61034
This cable provides low emission of smoke and corrosive

fumes
Reduced Fire
Hazard
IEC 60332-1, IEC 60332-3 IEC

60754-1 & IEC 61034
This cable provides reduced flame spread from bunched

cables with low smoke and acid gas emission.
Limited Fire
Hazard
IEC 60332-1, IEC 60332-3, IEC

60754-1, IEC 60754-2 IEC 61034
& Toxicity
This cable provides an overall limited fire hazard

performance and combines reduced flame spread with low
emission of smoke and noxious fumes.
IEC 60331
This cable is designed for wiring and interconnection wher

it is required to maintain circuit integrity under fire
conditions for long periods
Fire Resistant
Cable Fire Rating

It was observed that:
Exposed CMP cables have a significantly lower propensity for ignition, flame spread,
heat release and smoke opacity than for exposed LSZH and standard PVC cables.
The fire performance of exposed CMP cables was comparable to standard PVC
cables in metallic trunking.
Cables enclosed in metallic trunking are not protected from the fire. The effects of
smoke spread and the limit of fire spread are limited by the enclosure of cables
within trunking or conduit systems.
There was no discernible difference in toxicity between the fluoropolymer category of
materials used in CMP cables versus pololefin and PVC categories of materials used
in LSZH cables.
The performance of IEC60332-3 was superior to IEC60332-1.
Cables often represent a small percentage of the potential fire fuel in any one place,
so assessment of fire hazard needs to be comprehensively addressed. Furniture is
generally more significant.
Characteristic Impedance
Characteristic Impedance is the instantaneous value of the ratio of the sending end
voltage to the sending current.
Impedance is the total resistance of an electric circuit to the flow of alternating current.
Impedance can be expressed in a complex mathematical form which relates the
primary constants to frequency :
This mathematical model gives rise to a series - parallel combination of resistors,
capacitors and inductors represented throughout the entire length of the transmission
line.
R is the resistance per unit length,
L is the inductance per unit length,
G is the conductance per unit length, and
C is the capacitance per unit length.
Cable Legend
Performance
Rating
UL
File No.
Cable
Construction
Manufacturing
Date Code
AMP NETCONNECT CATEGORY 6 CABLE XXYY E138034 (UL)---c(UL) CMR 4PR 23AWG UTP 75C VERIFIED ETL CATEGORY 6 --- [LENGTH] FT ABCD
Brand Name
Manufacturing
Plant ID
UL Classified
Flammability
Rating
UL
Cable
File No. Construction
Brand Name
Length Marking
& Unit
Length Marking
& Unit
AMP NETCONNECT CATEGORY 5e CABLE E138034 XXYY 24AWG CM (UL) c(UL) CMG ETL VERIFIED TO CATEGORY 5e [LENGTH] METRE ABCD
Performance
Rating
Manufacturing
Plant ID
UL Classified
Flammability
Rating
Manufacturing
Date Code
Twisted Pair Connector

The standard connector for unshielded twisted pair cabling is an RJ-45 connector.
This is a plastic connector that looks like a large telephone-style connector.
A slot allows the RJ-45 to be inserted only one way. RJ stands for Registered Jack,
implying that the connector follows a standard borrowed from the telephone industry.
This standard designates which wire goes with each pin inside the connector.
T-568A Wiring
T-568B Wiring
Connecting the future!

For the first time, a non-RJ-style connector interface had been internationally
standardized.
TERA connector offers enhanced performance up to 1.2 GHz
Its unique ability to replace other high-speed media such as 50- and 75-ohm coaxial
media used for broadband video, as well as 150-ohm Shielded Twisted Pair (STP).
Allows up to 4 individual 1.2 GHz connections in a single jack permitting users to
integrate video, voice and data services over a single cabling link.
TERA is a fully shielded (S/FTP) cabling solution.
Questions?
Stranded vs. Solid Plug

Stranded plug IDC
Solid plug IDC
No/bad contact
Good contact
Wiring Pattern
568-B Wiring
Pair
Wire
White/Orange
568-A Wiring
Pin
1
2
3
Wire
Pin
White/Green
Green
White/Orange
Blue
White/Blue
Orange
White/Brown
Brown
3
Orange
White/Green
Blue
White/Blue
Green
White/Brown
Brown
1
3
Pair
2
1
2
4
It doesn't make any difference which wiring pattern is use, as long as it is consistently adopted throughout
the entire cabling system.
T568A - developed by the TIA. Backwardly compatible with 2-pair voice applications (RJ11/RJ14).
T568B - formerly known as AT&T 258A or WECO wiring.
For a crossover cable, wire one end 568A and the other end 568B.
Wiring Pattern
568-B Wiring
Pair
Wire
White/Blue
568-A Wiring
Pin
Pair
Wire
Pin
White/Blue
1
Blue
Blue
White/Orange
White/Green
3
Orange
Green
White/Green
White/Orange
2
Green
Orange
White/Brown
White/Brown
Brown
4
Brown
It doesn't make any difference which wiring pattern is use, as long as it is consistently adopted throughout
the entire cabling system.
T568A - developed by the TIA. Backwardly compatible with 2-pair voice applications (RJ11/RJ14).
T568B - formerly known as AT&T 258A or WECO wiring.
For a crossover cable, wire one end 568A and the other end 568B.
Wiring Pattern
568-A Wiring
568-B Wiring
Signal Transmission
Balanced circuit uses 2 wires (Tip & Ring) to carry the signal.
Each leg of the twisted pair and all circuits connected to them have the same
impedance with respect to ground
Ground serve as a reference potential, rather than a signal return.
1V
4V
5V
Signal Transmission
Balanced Mode Transmission is also known
as Differential Mode Transmission
+V1 and -V2 has equal magnitude but phase
difference of 1800
Signal Voltage
The difference VDIFF = V1 - V2 is the

wanted signal that carries information.
5V
The instantaneous sum of the two voltages (

2.5 V
V1 + V2 ) is ideally zero
All Physical Layer (PHY) transceivers for
Vdiff = V1 V2
V1
V2
0V
Time
LAN and Telecom applications are differential

mode devices.
-2.5 V
V2
-5 V
V1
Vdiff = V1 V2

2 - Twisted Pair Cabling Systems

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TWISTED PAIR CABLING SYSTEMS

AMP NETCONNECT System Training

Twisted Pair Cable

Twisted Pair cables consist of pairs of conductors

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Twisted Pair Wires

Information is Tyco Electronics Confidential & Proprietary

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Twisted Pair Cabling

Unshielded twisted Pair

Information is Tyco Electronics Confidential & Proprietary

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Information is Tyco Electronics Confidential & Proprietary

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Unshielded Twisted Pair Types

Information is Tyco Electronics Confidential & Proprietary

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Twisted Pair Cable Applications

3,6 & 4,5

1,2 & 3,6

4,5 & 3,6

1,2 & 7,8

1,2 & 3,6

1,2 & 3,6 & 4,5 & 7,8

Cable Category Min

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AMP NETCONNECT 100 Twisted Pair Cables

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Information is Tyco Electronics Confidential & Proprietary

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signal that carries information.

No current flows to ground because of symmetry

of V1 and V2 above ground. All differential current

All Physical Layer (PHY) transceivers for LAN and

Balanced Mode Transmission Over

The two conductors of a pair carry the opposite transmitted signal:

+2.5V1 - ( -2.5V2 ) = +5.0VDiff

+2.5V1 + ( -2.5V2 ) = 0VEmission

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Balanced Mode Transmission Over

+2.5V1 + N - ( -2.5V2 + N ) = +5.0VDiff

Information is Tyco Electronics Confidential & Proprietary

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Balanced Mode Transmission Over

+2.5V1 + N - ( -2.5V2 ) = +5.0VDiff + N

Information is Tyco Electronics Confidential & Proprietary

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Screened Twisted Pair Cables

Information is Tyco Electronics Confidential & Proprietary

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Information is Tyco Electronics Confidential & Proprietary

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RFID plus Sensors

RFID plus Sensors

Information is Tyco Electronics Confidential & Proprietary

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What is Shielded Cable?

Foil over UTP

Screen and foil over UTP

Screen over foil shielded pairs

Overall Foil Shield/Screen

U Unshielded, F Foil Shield, S Braided Shield