Agriculture textile lab is located in the state of Bahla,it considered as one of the

advanced laboratories in the field of tissue culture.

The use of modern science and biotechnology is a science in the modern era, which
directly contribute to the development of the agricultural field, agriculture, textile is
one of the leading new technologies that have contributed to shorten the time and
increase production.
The multiplication of palm and banana tissue culture in a modern way, depends on
where the seedlings of mothers of high quality which weight ranging from three to
seven kilograms.
This is done to get the buds and prepare appropriate food environment .with Equal
proportions of the items that are to prepare as growth regulators.
Sterilizes customized for culture environment in order to get ready for the process
of agriculture , they multiplication of more enabled 75 local and international class.
And 45 varieties locally. From some of the items were from Saudi Arabia and Bahrain
, Currently there is no disadvantages, because agriculture and textile applications
are used for the first time in 1996, and there was no any negatives distinguished .
since there has been no different from the original tree. The advantages of tissue
culture, that can be used for multiplication of rare species, and endangered and get
thousands of seedlings and saplings from one .
In addition, it ease of transfer from one region to another and they are free of
diseases and we can getting large numbers in a very small time.
Agriculture can be defined as the growth of textile and textile processing and
treatment laboratory in a manner that allows reproduction and differentiation and
to maintain the quality of it .
Where the cultivation of cells or tissues or embryos in laboratory tubes with food
and environmental conditions and sterilization to controlled environment, also there
is other benefits more than just to hybridization to get the plant with new
characteristics . the process of obtaining tissue teaks from five to ten minutes.
Compared with other methods, the traditional methods of production is considered
as a big problem due to limited production and its need to many years until
production begins. In addition it is ease to transmission of diseases by seedlings,
while the textile plants are free of virus and bacterial diseases and need only for
one or to two years until the start of production. And can produce more than three
thousand seedlings of one mother.
Preparation for the tree is divided into four stages: preparation ,nurtured ,
germination of embryos and adaptation stage.

In the germination stage the choice of class and the donor tissue and extract the
inner core that preserves the sterile solution.
nurtured phase: culturing cultivated part ,where are transferred to the appropriate
food environment which changed monthly.
Germination stage: the stage at which the transfer of embryos to place free of
hormones and chemicals. ,It is where then placed in rooms exposed to light
gradually. When a temperature is around of 25 C. For eight weeks.
Adaptation: Then the embryos are transferred to the environment that is free
solutions for 12 weeks.

Where at the end plants can be gotten and be grown in greenhouses for another
four weeks
In Nurseries, then transported to where they are distributed.

Tissue culture is the growth of tissues and/or cells separate from the
organism. AG Scientific offers a wide variety of standard media and
culture products, as well as the ability to provide custom culture products
or media quickly upon request.

tissue culture, a method of biological research in which

fragments of tissue from an animal or plant are
transferred to an artificial environment in which they can
continue to survive and function. The cultured tissue may
consist of a single cell, a population of cells, or a whole or
part of an organ. Cells in culture may multiply; change
size, form, or function; exhibit specialized activity (muscle
cells, for example, may contract); or interact with other
cells.

Tissue culture is a relatively recent development. In 1907

the American zoologist Ross G. Harrison successfully
demonstrated the growth of frog nerve cell processes in a
medium of clotted lymph. Thereafter, a number of
experimenters succeeded in cultivating animal cells, using
as culture media a variety of biological fluids, such as
lymph, blood serum, plasma, and tissue extracts.

Tissue culture permits control of the cellular environment,

allowing the behaviour of cells to be both examined and
manipulated. Tissue cultures have revealed basic
information about cells regarding their composition and
form; their biochemical, genetic, and reproductive
activity; their nutrition, metabolism, specialized functions,
and processes of aging and healing; the effects on cells of
physical, chemical, and biological agents (drugs and
viruses, for example); and the differences between normal
cells and abnormal cells such as cancers. Work with tissue
cultures has helped to identify infections, enzyme
deficiencies, and chromosomal abnormalities, to classify
brain tumours, and to formulate and test drugs and
vaccines.

Cells may be grown in a culture medium of biological

origin such as blood serum or tissue extract, in a
chemically defined synthetic medium, or in a mixture of
the two. A medium must contain proper proportions of the
necessary nutrients for the cells to be studied and must
be appropriately acid or alkaline. Cultures are usually
grown either as single layers of cells on a glass or plastic
surface or as a suspension in a liquid or semisolid
medium. To initiate a culture, a tiny sample of the tissue

is dispersed on or in the medium, and the flask, tube, or

plate containing the culture is then incubated, usually at a
temperature close to that of the tissues normal
environment. Sterile conditions are maintained to prevent
contamination with microorganisms.

Live cultured cells may be examined directly with a

microscope or observed by means of photographs and
motion pictures taken through the microscope. Cells may
also be killed, preserved, and stained for further
examination or cut into thin sections to disclose additional
details under a light or electron microscope.

Cells in tissue culture are subjected to a broad range of

experimental treatment. For example, viruses, drugs,
hormones, vitamins, disease-causing microorganisms, or
suspected cancer-producing chemicals may be added to
the culture. Sometimes cultures are grown from single
cells, producing uniform biological populations called
clones.

Cultures have been used to investigate fundamental

processes of growth and development in both normal and
abnormal tissues. One finding has been that normal cells
undergo an aging process, retaining their ability to
multiply readily for only 50 to 100 generations, after
which the rate decreases markedly. Many cancer cells, on
the other hand, apparently can be perpetuated forever.

Since the discovery that certain viruses will grow in tissue

cultures, the technique has been used to produce vaccines
against poliomyelitis, influenza, measles, mumps, and
other infectious diseases. Cell cultures have also
produced viral inhibitors, including interferon. Hormones
are now being produced from cultures of cells or organs.
The cultured white blood cells from two individuals can be
used to determine compatibility between potential donors
and recipients of tissue transplants. By removing and
culturing cells from a pregnant woman, it is possible to
tell whether her fetus has the chromosome defect
associated with Down syndrome (mongolism).

The identification and diagnosis of chromosome

abnormalities and inherited disorders has been greatly
enhanced by the development of somatic cell genetics.
Tissue culture techniques have been used to culture many
kinds of hybrid cells that contain chromosomes from
different species in the same cell, allowing the functions
of individual chromosomes to be separately defined.
Tissue-culture studies have clarified the genetic causes of
certain hereditary diseases, and methods have been
developed for detecting environmental substances that
may cause gene damage. The nature of certain cancers
has been elucidated by the discovery of specific genes
and chromosomal aberrations that are associated with the
disease. Studies of cell cultures have revealed the
existence of a so-called cytoskeleton in mammalian cells,
which gives the cell its shape and regulates a variety of
biochemical activities. The methods of somatic cell
genetics are being applied to plant cells in an effort to
develop new strains of cereal crops with improved
nutritional properties.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/597042/tissue
-culture

Plant research often involves growing new

plants in a controlled environment. These
may be plants that we have genetically
altered in some way or may be plants of
which we need many copies all exactly alike.
These things can be accomplished through
tissue culture of small tissue pieces from the
plant of interest. These small pieces may
come from a single mother plant or they may
be the result of genetic transformation of
single plant cells which are then encouraged
to grow and to ultimately develop into a
whole plant. Tissue culture techniques are
often used for commercial production of
plants as well as for plant research.

Plant Tissue Culture

Presenter: Lydiane (Ann) Kyte
Host: Kathy Liu
Discussion
Did you ever have a plant that was so unique
or so beautiful that you wished you had

hundreds or thousands of them to enjoy or to

sell? Plant tissue culture (micropropagation)
is a technique which will do just that for us.
We are going to discuss this tool which is
used so extensively in the nursery business
and in plant biotechnology. It is a fascinating
and useful tool which allows the rapid
production of many genetically identical
plants using relatively small amounts of
space, supplies and time.

Basically the technique consists of taking a

piece of a plant (such as a stem tip, node,
meristem, embryo, or even a seed) and
placing it in a sterile, (usually gel-based)
nutrient medium where it multiplies. The
formulation of the growth medium is
changed depending upon whether you are
trying to get the plant to produce
undifferentiated callus tissue, multiply the
number of plantlets, grow roots, or multiply
embryos for "artificial seed".

For many who become superficially aware of

the technique it seems shrouded in mystery

and is shrugged off as too technical to be of

concern. Actually, it is no more of a mystery
than taking a cutting of your favorite house
plant and growing it to share with a friend.
As for being technical, you can begin plant
tissue culture with as little as a cookbook
approach and a feeling for sterile technique.

Some people have visions of scientists doing

plant tissue cultures in white gowns and
masks in hospital-clean environments. Such
conditions are excessive. While it is true that
mold spores, bacteria, and other
contaminants will grow and overrun a
culture, air that is not moving has a minimum
of contaminants. In addition, disinfection of
implements, work surface and nearby areas
helps eliminate contaminants.

The guidelines for preparation and the

laboratory protocol provided here are given
as a place to begin. Included with is a limited
discussion of some of the many options you
have as you explore micropropagation. We
can discuss these in more depth if you have

questions, concerns or related experiences

to share. I would be particularly interested in
success and challenges you may have had or
are currently having in your classroom.

Some suggestions are given for the following

(a) Selecting plant sources. Some species, or
even clones are easier to grow in culture
than others. Some respond reluctantly to
culture, some do not respond at all, and
many plants have never been tried.

(b) Choosing a growth medium (price,

convenience, type of plant and purpose of
the micropropagation all enter into this
decision.) How important are the kinds of
hormones used? On limited scale, media
ingredients are available at the grocery and
health food stores.

(c) Suggestions for media preparation and

sterilization. There are alternatives to
sterilization in a pressure cooker or an
autoclave.

(d) Methods for cleaning, storing and

manipulating explants (plant pieces to be
cultured).

Given certain basics there are many options

for procedure, equipment and supplies for
plant tissue culture. Some of your decisions
will be based upon the amount of time,
money and space you have. Other decisions
will be based upon why you are doing plant
tissue culture and what you expect as a
result (more plants?) . Catalogs, such as
Sigma, Carolina Biological, or Edmund
Scientific are good reference and they are for
purchasing needed materials..

I look forward to sharing tissue culture

experiences with you.

References:

Debergh, P.C. and R.H. Zimmerman, eds.

1991. Micropropagation, Technology and
Application. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
$61.50. Lab design, info on labs worldwide,
in depth discussions of problems. Not for the
beginner.

Donnelly, D.J., and W.E.Vidaver, 1988.

Glossary of Plant Tissue Culture, Portland,
OR. Timber Press, $22.95. Good definitions of
tissue culture terms.

Kyte, Lydiane and J. Kleyn, 1996. Plants from

Test Tubes: An Introduction to
Micropropagation, 3rd ed., Timber Press,
1996 $29.95. Good basics for the beginning
amateur or grower.

Smith, Roberta H., 1992. Plant Tissue

Culture-Techniques and Experiments.
Academic Press. $35.00. Good introduction
and broad base for college course.

Trigiano, Robert N, and Dennis J. Gray,

eds.1996,Plant Tissue Culture Concepts and
Laboratory Exercises. CRC Press. $65.00. For
the advanced student.

Sources of supplies:

Carolina Biological

Edmond Scientific

PhytoTechnology Laboratories
This company specializes in plant tissue
culture supplies. Downloadable documents
(choose MS Word or PDF format) on Media
Preparation, Setting Up a Tissue Culture Lab,
Basic Laboratory Procedures, and more are
available in the "Technical" section of the
web site.

Sigma, 1996. "Plant Tissue Culture Catalog".

In addition to media ingredients, premixes,

equipment and supplies, this catalog
contains a media comparison chart,
procedures for media
preparations.references and other valuable
data.

http://www.accessexcellence.org