Eng Thesis Final

P O LY T E C H N I C U N I V E R S I T Y O F T H E P H I L I P P I N E S
FACTORS AFFECTING CAREER PREFERENCES OF THE

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITYOF THE PHILIPPINES
MARKETING MANAGEMENT STUDENTS
A Research Paper
Presented to
The Faculty of Arts and Letters
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Sta. Mesa, Manila
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

English 1023
By:
Rick Abram V. Del Rosario

Christy M. Bunquin
Cheenee D. Hung
Jamie Jen I. Codilan
Alexandra Kate Largado
Iris Princess B. Enguerra
Abbegail C. Marzan
Love Clariel L. Gonzales
Carl Kevin V. Penalosa
Rainie An P. Gratela
Audrey Monique B. Silvano

March 2016
Acknowledgements
The researchers would like to thank the following whom served as a guide
and motivation for the researchers to accomplish their research and for helping
them make their research possible:
Our Lord, Jesus Christ, for giving the researchers enough knowledge and
strength every step of the way, no matter how hard the situation they were having;
for not leaving their side in times of difficulties and for always being there as a
source of hope for the researchers.
The researchers' parents for understanding them and allowing the
researchers to go home late, or latter than the usual; for not neglecting them; for
being there for the researchers in times of difficulties and for supporting the
researchers to do what they were obliged to do for their future.
The researchers' Professor, Mr. Hayrold C. Malonzo, for believing in the
researchers' ability to do the researchers as what he expected; for guiding and
helping the researchers complete their research and also for giving and sharing
his knowledge and information regarding the topic that was given to the
researchers.
The researchers' friends, block mates and schoolmates for helping the
researchers with the information and data they needed to accomplish their
research; for guiding them and for sharing the knowledge they have regarding
theses.
Abstract
Title:
Factors affecting Career preferences of the Polytechnic University of

the Philippines, Marketing Management Students
Researchers:
Christy M. Bunquin
Jamie Jen I. Codilan
Rick Abram V. Del Rosario
Iris Princess B. Enguerra
Love Clariel L. Gonzales
Rainie An P. Gratela
Cheenee D. Hung
Alexandra Kate Largado
Abbegail C. Marzan
Carl Kevin V. Penalosa
Audrey Monique B. Silvano
Degree:
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Marketing

Management
Institution: Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Year:
2016
Adviser:
Prof. John Hayrold C. Malonzo
The Problem
The main objective of this study is to determine the factors affecting career
preferences of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Marketing
Management students.
Research Methodology
The study utilized the descriptive method of research. The respondents of the
study are 176 freshmen dayshift marketing management students and we used
stratified random sampling to get the respective respondents.
The test was
adapted from a foreign thesis and go through some revisions to fit with the
researchers study.
Findings
1. Future working condition factor got a general weighted mean of 3.133 and
a verbal interpretation of Agree. Practice Location with 2.978 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Opportunity with 2.904 and a verbal interpretation of
Agree. Next, Environment with 2.604 and a verbal interpretation of Agree.
Personality with 2.638 and a verbal interpretation of Agree.
Conclusion
1. Opportunity has a verbal interpretation of Agree, Personality has a verbal
interpretation of Agree, Environment has a verbal interpretation of Agree, Future
Working condition has a verbal interpretation of Agree, Practice location has a
verbal interpretation of Agree.
Recommendation
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations were drawn:
The
PUP
Administration
must
conduct
seminars
for
the
students and come up for more exciting programs and orientations that can help
the students to choose the right career preference for them. And that can also
make them excel. PUP Faculty Members has a vital role in students' career
preference. That is why they should know how to motivate and encourage the
students on choosing their career preference. And give the students more
information about different careers. The PUP Marketing management students
must know the career that suits to their passions, skills interest and other factors
and they must also choose a career that they want to be with in their future.
Future Researchers must improve what the present researchers revealed in this
study. They must widen the range of the study and keep on striving about career
related researches for further understanding about career decision making.
Parents has one of the big influences in the career choice of the students. That
is why parents should motivate and support their child on their career choice.
And parents should not pursue their child to choose a career that they don't
want.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE ... i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .. ii
ABSTRACT . iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi
LIST OF TABLES . vii
LIST OF FIGURES .. viii
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction .
Background of the Study ..
Theoretical Framework .
Conceptual Framework .
Statement of the Problem .
Assumption ...
Scope and Limitation ..
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms ..
1
3
5
6
7
7
8
8
9
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
11
Foreign Literature .
Local Literature .
Foreign Studies .
Local Studies
Synthesis and Relevance of the Reviewed Literature and Studies
...
11
16
17
22
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
30
Method of Research
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique ..
27
30
31
Description of Respondents .
Research Instrument
Data-Gathering Procedure .
Statistical Treatment of Data .
CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
OF DATA
32
33
34
35
37
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50

Summary ..
Findings ..
Conclusions ..
Recommendations ..
Work Cited
50
50
51
51
53
APPENDICES 56
Appendix A: Questionnaire .... 56
Appendix B: Pictures .. 60
Appendix C: Curriculum Vitae 62
LIST OF TABLES
Table
1
Page
Frequency distribution of freshmen dayshift..
32
marketing management students

2
Ranging System for Weighted Mean
Weighted Mean distribution of Respondents on
34
opportunity.
4
37

Personality.. 39

Environment...

Future Working condition

Practice Location..
45
Overall weighted mean of the Factors affecting career

Preferences..
46
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
1.
Hollands theory of Career..
2.
Research Paradigm..
10
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The choice of the proper course starting a career is a major problem for
secondary school students throughout the world, especially here in the
Philippines. Education is one of the necessities or the strongly-recommended
attainment that everyone should possess. It is universally recognized as the
answer to socio-economic problems of the world. Illiteracy is one of the major
problems of the world and only Education is the key to lessen it and hopefully,
remove it from the line. Individuals, Community, Society and the Nation hopes for
Education to grant a cure for poverty, ignorance, drought, mental deficiency,
joblessness, unjustified government systems, bad communication strategies,
inadequate problems in basic needs and especially illiteracy. Everyone would
want to obtain a good quality of education for an addition of ease in coping in the
society, applying for job, making some moves for the corporate world and life
class or status.
Considering that Philippines is considered as a Third-world country, our
college institutions are still capable of producing graduates that are highly
competitive in global competitions, some are lucky to be an executive or got a
higher position in their own company. This implies that Philippines can be a
11
competitive country even poverty is always on the side of every Filipinos. In line of
this, Job Vacancy and employment is still the worst fear of the graduates that are
waiting to be employed.
Job employment is a big part of our industry, specifically in the corporate
world, where Company managers dominates the market in their own ways. Large
markets like SM group of companies give benefits to some less fortunate people
who do not have a complete educational attainment which results to
unemployment. Some people spend their entire life just finding the right career to
pursue. Many dont know where to even start looking. In the Philippines alone,
there are thousands of people looking for numerous kinds of jobs, from
accountants to athletes, from dancers to dentists, from teachers to top executives.
Therefore, People tend to accept the fact that some of their dream job will be only
just a dream for them.
On the other side in the year 2015, The Philippine economy is gradually
on the rise, largely driven by its business process outsourcing, industry and
construction sectors. The average pace of growth on the Philippines in the first
half of the decade was 6.3% compared to 6% in Indonesia, 5.8% in Malaysia and
Vietnam and 3.6% in Thailand. These numbers were just evidence of how
Philippine Industry increase its growth through the years compared to other
neighboring countries especially in the South East Asia Region.
Different schools and universities serve as a major role in providing
12
knowledge and experience to students which will eventually serve as their guide
in their future work/job. University from which the students graduated is a big
factor when applying for a job. One may also depend or base their decisions on
the Opportunity, Environment, Personality, Future Work Condition and Practice
Location. These are the reasons why the researchers conducted the study on
Career Preferences of Marketing Management Students of Polytechnic University
of the Philippines.
Background of the Study

Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) is a public, non-sectarian,
non-profit institution and one of the State University and Colleges all around the
country. PUP system as a whole has 20 satellite campuses around the country
and considered as one of the largest Universities in Asia in terms of Population of
students that is almost 70,000, approximately 50,000 of them is on PUP Main
Campus alone. It was established in the year 1904 as the Manila Business School
then later on replaced as the Polytechnic University of the Philippines by virtue of
Presidential Decree Number 1341 issued by the President of the Philippines on
April 1, 1978, being the 1st Polytechnic U in the country. PUP Main Campus, the
A. Mabini campus, named from the late hero Apolinario Mabini is located at Sta.
Mesa Manila and the largest of all campuses of PUP at almost 10 hectares.
An article from the summitexpress.com expressed that the Polytechnic
13
University of the Philippines (PUP) is considered as a big game-changer in the list
of top universities in terms of 'hire ability' next to considered and premiered
university in the Philippines or called by some as the big four namely University of
the Philippines, University of Sto. Thomas, De La Salle University and Ateneo De
Manila University. This means that PUP Graduates are one of the Companies
Choice and still has a big edge to some Universities that are not well-known or
has a less ability in producing quality students. But still, Companies say they will
still hire applicants even if they did not come from those choice universities as
long as the applicants are trainable/willing to be trained and can fulfill the
requirements needed for the job.
The College of Business Administration is one of the largest and oldest
college of Polytechnic University of the Philippines as it was named as Manila
Business School. To be more competitive and productive individuals is the main
mission of the College. The main goal of the College is to have fast and emerging
development in the College Curriculum.
The researchers conducted the research in PUP-CBA Department of
Marketing Management because it is easier for them to find respondents. It is
more accessible to communicate to the respondents because they belong in the
same college and department.
14
Theoretical Framework
John Henry Holland (1985) an American Psychologist, postulated the
Hollands theory of career choice. People of the same personality type working
together create a work environment that fits their type. For example, when Artistic
persons are together on a job, they create a work environment that rewards
creative thinking and behavior -- an Artistic environment. There are six basic types
of work environments: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising,
Conventional. "Work" includes doing things to achieve a purpose, like paid and
unpaid jobs, volunteering, sports, or hobbies. People search for environments
where they can use their skills and abilities and express their values and attitudes.
For example, Investigative types search for Investigative environments; Artistic
types look for Artistic environments, and so forth. People who choose to work in
an environment similar to their personality type are more likely to be successful
and satisfied. For example, Artistic people are more likely to be successful and
satisfied if they choose a job that has an Artistic environment, like choosing to be
a dance teacher in a dancing school -- an environment "dominated" by Artistic
type people where creative abilities and expression are highly valued.
15
Figure 1.1
Conceptual Framework
Factors
Career
Choice
Career
Preference
s
Figure 2
Research Paradigm
Figure 2 shows the research paradigm. The paradigm implies the Holland
theory of career. The factors given in the study are opportunity, personality,
16
environment, future working condition and practice location. This can be differed
from their career preferences. After combining the factors and their career
preferences, students can now have their career choice based on their
understanding of the different factors affecting career preferences.
Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting career
preferences of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Marketing
Management Students.
Specifically, it sought the answers to the following questions:
1.)
What are the levels of agreement in terms of the following factors on

the respondents career preferences;
a.)
Opportunity,
b.)
Personality,
c.)
Environment,
d.)
Future work Condition and
e.)
Practice location?
Assumption
Opportunity has the highest level on Career preferences of PUP
freshmen marketing management Students.
Scope and Limitations
17
This study focused on determining the factors affecting career preference of
marketing management students of Polytechnic University of the Philippines.
Respondents were the five block sections of 176 freshmen year, namely 1-1D
with a total of 36 students, 1-2D, 35 students, 1-3D, 33 students, 1-4D, 36
students and 1-5D, 36 students.
This study did not include the other colleges of PUP, the freshmen night
shift marketing management students, the second year, third year, Fourth year
and Shiftee of Marketing Management Department.
Significance of the Study

The result of this study would benefit the following group of individuals:
PUP Administration. The result and outcome of this study would enable
the school administration to put some new effective ways in enhancing and
helping the students in making the right career choice. They may come up now
for more exciting programs and orientations that can help the students to excel
and finished up in the best career decision.
PUP Faculty Members. The result of this study will make them realize the
importance of their encouragement and support on the career preferred by their
sons/daughters. And they will also know the real meaning of quality education
that will assure their bright future.
PUP Marketing Management students. This study will help the students
to prepare their selves in choosing the right career that will fit to their skills,
18
abilities and passion. This will also guide and develop the awareness in decision
making of their career choice.
Future Researchers. The result of this study might serve as their guide in
making researches or studies related to the topic. This could help them to have a
background regarding this research topic, and give them self-actualization in the
importance of knowing the factors affecting students career preferences.
The Parents. In this study, teachers will gain more information about
students preferences in their career. It will also help them to enhance and pursue
the students passion.
Definition of Terms
The researchers defined the following words and described them according
to how are they used in the study.
Career. It is a pursuit of progressive achievement and a life work of an
individual. In this study, a summation of an individuals learning and totality of
acquired knowledge.
Preference. It is synonymous to like, favor and recommend. A term which
shows the power of deciding and choosing.
Career Preference. Its what affects an individual's way of thinking in
choosing his/her present course and ambition, and can be used interchangeably
19
with one's career choice. Specified in this study is the basis of a student or are the
reasons why a student prefers to pursue his/her present course.
Opportunity. It is a factor in which influences a person's insight on how
they see the world as an open book in which they are able to think and do work
with the chances they have.
Personality. The person's way of thinking or making a decision. It may
embrace attitudes and opinions that affect the way people deal with interaction of
people, a particular to this study, the situations of choosing a career.
Future work condition. It refers to the availability or immediate
employment of a student after finishing college.
Practice location. It is the place where people decide to practice in the
future or the place where you want to work.
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
20
This chapter deals with a review of related literature and studies, which
were of great help to the researchers in carrying out this study entitled, Factors
affecting career preferences of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines,
Marketing Management Students.
Foreign Literature
Georgia Career Info. Center (2013) postulated specified that career
decisions is a lifelong process. It is all about exploring and experiencing the world
of work. It is also about understanding abilities, interests, skills and values and
combining these to create a meaningful framework for life. Your student will have
many opportunities to discover and rediscover career than match a changing
lifestyle. It is important that you are an active participant in this decision-making
process. Career decision making process begins with an awareness of the world
around you and the ability to understand what is really important. Here are some
points to help you begin: (a.) Learn about your interests, abilities, skills and values
(b.) Observe individual workplace (c.) Talk with family and friends about their work
experiences (d.) Collect information about specific careers and companies (e.)
Consider your personal short-term and long-term goals.
Career New Zealand group (2014) added that making decisions about your
career doesn't always have to be complicated. If you have spent time getting to
know yourself and researching different opportunities, you should be able to make
21
sound decisions. Your individual situation has a bog impact on the opportunities
that you can take up. So start by taking stock all the aspects in your life that affect
your decisions. Compare your options. How well does this options fit with my
skills? Will this option help develop my skills? You must also ask for help and
advices from other people. People you can talk to is your family, friends, a school
career adviser or a career consultant and a course adviser on University and
College.
Janis (2010) also suggested that choosing a career path, making a career
decision or deciding on a college major is all critical decisions. They demand a
high-quality decision making. A scientific study shows that there are four essential
tips you will want to follow. First, A, stands for Alternatives. When making an
important decision, look for all your choices. Ask yourself if there are more
alternatives given. Second, C, stands for Consequences. Once you have
narrowed down your choices, to those that look best, weigh the pros and cons of
it. Third, I, stands for Information. Search for new information about each option
you are considering. Lastly, P, stands for Plans. Make detailed plan for (a) how will
you carry out your decisions, and (b) what will you do if one of the negative
consequences that you thought of under "C" occurs.
In the other hand, Mindtools Editorial team (2014) stated that to make the
right choice, you have to decide what factors are the most important to you in a
new job, and then you have to choose the option that best addresses these
factors. However, this operates in two levels, on a rational level and on an
22
emotional level. You'll only truly be happy with your decision if you are aligned.
First, we look at the things rationally, looking at the job offer and also at the things
that matter to you. Then, once you have understood your options on a rational
level, we look at the things on an emotional level and think about what your
emotions are telling you.
Also, according to Beggs et.al (2008) Many students choose their major
based on their academic ability. However, some students do not have ability or
the work habit to succeed in some majors that may require more study than the
other fields of studies. These students may find a better fit in a less work intensive
major than requires fewer difficulty classes. This affects the career path of these
students. Other students have the ability to handle majors with greater workloads
and choose career path that will lead a job requiring more education. Examples in
this category include veterinarians, doctors or lawyers. For job such as these,
students needs more than one degree. On the other hand, some students have
the drive to put in the work in very labor intensive fields but do not have the
intelligence to perform tasks that are needed for their chosen fields.
However, Taylor (2016) stated some students grow up knowing what they
want to do in life. These are the students who will go extra mile to reach their
dream job. Students often settle on a different path due to many factors they can't
control. Students will research their chosen career path and explore everything
about it. The salary and benefits of that job do not play a role in this decision. In a
research study the factor "match with interest" rated over job characteristics,
23
major attributes and physiological and social benefits in importance when
students choose a major.
Zody (2006) also indicated that students whose parents own and operates
a small business may want or feel obligated to follow their parents' footstep.
Students may consider the ease of life that is available to them because a job
would be able to them right out of school, they could hold a high position within
the business and there is a possibility that they may own and operate the
business one day. However, children of the family business owners often have
more experience with how the business would operate. These students have
worked in the family business their whole life, experiencing all of what their
parents went through in the day of the operation of the students. This can have a
positive or negative effect on the student.
The same as Wildman (2002), Family and friends are considered to be an
influential part of the student's part of major. Parents with an agriculture
background most often have an impact where students go to college. Family role
models have more of an influence of the students major in. There are also many
people who can influence their career decisions. Most time, parents and friends
play a large role, but coaches and teachers can also have a huge impact on
student's life. Teachers and coaches can help students do better in school, to get
into college or to get on a better path. The impact that these adults have on young
students can have a major influence on their career path.
24
Mihyeon (2009) also suggested that personality is another important factor
in career choice. Studies have shown that students will choose a major that they
think will fit their personality type. The confidence that a student has can
determine how far a student will go in their education. Students who believe in
themselves have more confidence, and are more likely to go to for what they want
instead of setting for something that is comfortable. Students who have more
investigated personality are more likely to go for scientific field. Students with an
artistic personality are more likely to major in arts.
HACCC Group (2013) even added that recruiting is another factor that
plays role in a student's decision making process. Students can be recruited by
different schools because of their academic performance. Schools and
corporations both use recruiting as a way to draw in more students or potential
employees. Students are recruited by companies to bring in new ideas and more
talent to help companies grow. Recruits from companies will show the benefits of
working in the corporation to try and sway the student's decision. Recruiters use
video, brochures, coffee mugs and many other things to promote their company.
Career fairs are face-to-face meeting between job seekers and employees and a
great way for students to see what companies have offer.
Local Literature
According to De Vera (2015) the recent shifts in the educational system
and in the academic calendar, Filipino graduates are forced more tough choices
25
now more than ever. One of them is what career option to pursue right after
finishing school. As ASEAN Integration puts pressure on Philippine higher
educational institutions to internalize their campuses the new k-12 programs has
its own share reforms in the Philippine basic education system. Thus, to be part
with ASEAN neighbors, each Filipino college graduate will have to face the
following career options after leaving school; continue further education, seek
employment, or pursue entrepreneurship.
K12 Philippines (2015) also stated that apart from the core curriculum,
which has 8 learning areas, the new senior high school system comes with
specific career tracks that seem like college course. They include (a) Academic
(b) Arts and design (c) Sports (d) Technical-vocational-livelihood. Each senior high
school student must choose one track to master and base his/her choice on how
he/she wants to advance after completing high school or Grade 12. Career
advocacy programs will also help and guide them in choosing the right track for
their selves. The tracks aim to advance the students specialization and help them
shine in areas where they excel.
Foreign Studies
Ghuangpeng (2011) identified several factors that were perceiver to influence
the career decision-making process of Thai and Australian students; of particular
26
importance were gender, the feedback students received during work-placement;
family obligations and career opportunities in the industries. These factors
appeared to be interrelated and could have a positive or negative import on
students decision to seek a career in the industry. The study also highlighted the
important implications of culture for career-decision making and suggested that
although Thai and Australian students identified similar factors as influencing their
career decision-making, they perceived the importance or these factors differently.
The study concluded that career-decision making is a complicated process.
Although this study provided as a structured model to demonstrate how students
make their decision, it is essential to recognize the complex range of factors
associated with students decisions.
Fizer (2013) added that the objectives of this research study were to
determine what factors affect agriculture students choice of career path. A
questionnaire was developed and completed by 128 students in the freshman
classes of the University of Tennessee at Martin. According to survey, students
are most influenced by family when choosing as major; 22% chose family as the
most important factor influencing their choice of Major. However, 21% of the
students
chose a career that is personally rewarding and 20% chose FFA 14-N
experience as the most important affecting factor in their choice. The students
who completed the questionnaire had a positive impact in the world.
27
Ferry (2006) also conducted a qualitative study reported the explored
factors that plays key roles in rural high school seniors and young adults career
choice process. The cultural and social context of family and community were
found to be instrumental in how youth learn about careers and influential in
choices process. Extension strategies that target parents and community to
increase their involvement in youth career selection can promote sound career
decisions.
Baines (2009) conducted a study that examines the effects of culture on
career decision making for students at the London School of Economics (LSE).
There is an existing body of research which highlights the differences between
individualist and collectivist cultures. However, it has been limited for international
students based in UK. The results reveal that there are many commonalities
between students from different continents such as the importance of personal
interest and parents. Whilst there are also differences it would not be appropriate.
As the study is based at a single institution that research strategy does not allow
for wider generalization, but provides an important insight into the career decision
making of international students.
In the other hand, Olamide (2013) used 100 students that were randomly
selected from five secondary schools in Ogun State. The sample consists of 37
males and 63 females. A questionnaire designed on the basis of likert-type scale
on the factors determining the choice of career based on environment. influence
28
and opportunity of the students was administered. Significant difference was also
found on the personality (tcal at p. 05= 673.48; tcrit 1.960) and the significant
difference of the opportunity of the students see (tcal at p. 05= 148.69; tcrit
1.960). the percentage on male and female was also carried out. 52% of male
and 46% of female agreed that opportunity do affect career while 42% disagreed
for both male and female. 51% of male and 51% of female agreed that personality
do affect career choice while 42% and 45% of both and male and female
disagreed 50% of male and 54% of female agreed that environment do affect
career choice but 41% and 49% of male and female does not agree. Conclusively,
all the factors affect students in determining the career.
Zaidi et.al (2012), their research also was conducted to know the impact of
career selection on job satisfaction in the industry of Pakistan. The findings of the
study show that the significant relationship exists between career selection and
job satisfaction. The research also identifies that the career selection based on
the consideration of personality traits and values can provide maximum
satisfaction. Personality traits have a high impact on job satisfaction.
It was also concluded that work content values and career contentment contribute
highly in overall job satisfaction.
However, Obiunu (2011) in his study, he concluded that some of the factors
influencing career development of senior secondary school students in Ethiope
29
East Local Government Area of Delta States. The study used senior secondary
school students because they are at the critical age of career decision making
process. The findings from the study indicated that career counseling is required
for appropriate career development. Some of the factors that were observed to
affect career development include Psychological, Sociological, Educational,
Hereditary, and economic factors. These play significant role in the careerdecision making process of secondary school students.
Mugonzibwa et.al (2001), added that the objectives of their study was
identifying factors that influenced career choice among high school in Tanzania.
The information obtained would be used to formulate effective recruitment
strategies and counseling students on their career expectation. All 352 high
school students who were studying in five randomly high schools completed a
pre-tested questionnaire containing 24 items addressing 5 factors. Images of a
profession (good experiences from the work of professionals from the
professionals who are attractive to respondents, and professionals who command
high respect in the community) was perceived as an important factor in career
choice by the majority of respondents (over 28 percent). Work/ profession
characteristics (knowledgeable about work to be done treating patients, giving
medicines to patients, helping relatives, etc.) was ranked as the 2 nd most
important factor and course characteristics (availability of post graduate studies,
size of annual intake, pass rate, geographic location, etc.) was ranked third. Direct
30
gains and advices from important persons were perceived as least important in
career choice.
Albugamy (2014), also showed in her findings that wansta (networks)
parental obedience (family), religion, and extrinsic factors were significant
predictors of the career choices at Saudi MBA students, with a preference
towards work in the public sector. Saudification/Saudization (replacing foreign
workers with Saudis) factors did not significantly predict the career choices.
Cultural Cognitive factors were found to be one of the strongest predictors within
the institutional dimension compared the normative factors and regulative factors.
Female participants considered Wansta, parental obedience, intrinsic motivations
more important in their career choices compared to male counterpart.
Mau (2016), also added that their study examined the cultural relevance of
two important career constructs career decision-making style and career decision
making self-efficacy. Two distinct cultural group of college students, Americans
(N-S40) and Taiwanese (IV-1026), participated in this cross cultural study. Results
suggest that career decision making styles have differential impacts on career
decision making self-efficacy, depending on the cultural background of the
individuals. Results also showed significant differences in career-decision making
style and career decision making self-efficacy as a function of nationality and
gender. Counseling implications and suggestions for future studies discussed.
Local Studies
31
Laguador (2014) concluded that general Engineering Students get to know
LPU-Batangas in TV Commercials, followed by their classmates, relatives,
tarpaulin and Radio advertisements. The choice of School and Course are their
own personal choice. The mothers have much influenced to the decision of the
students in choosing the school and course compared to the fathers. General
Engineering students have chosen LPU because it is well-known for its standards.
The parents have the greatest influence in the selection of their present course.
Datu (2013) also investigates the impact of the perfectionist technologies
on career decidedness. Findings revealed that organization positively correlate to
occupational knowledge and training while parental expectations positively
correlate to decidedness. A parental expectation serves as the robust prediction of
decidedness. Students with low perfectionism scored higher decidedness comfort.
On the other hand, those with high levels of Perfectionism experienced greeter
self-clarity, occupational knowledge and training, decisiveness and career choice
importance. From these results, the positive and negative contributions of
perfectionism on the process of making career decisions are illustrated
However, Espero (2010) states that majority of the children of OFWs who
participated in this study exhibited Independence wherein it comes making postsecondary career decisions. They chose a career path that leads to white collar
rather than blue collar jobs. Many preferred college for those who decided to
32
pursue technical-vocational program, they preferred post-secondary occupations
which are service-oriented and do not require special skills. Furthermore, the
career decisions of the children of the OFWs are neither dependent on selected
internal factors such as birth order, expressed interest, expressed motivation and
gender; nor on external factors such as the like parents educational attainment,
parents occupational status, family, relatives, friends and media. Factor other
than academic achievement like migration plans, socio-economic status, parental
attachment, and parental expectations might have accounted for the influence on
their career path.
Cruz-Espaol (2014) also conducted a study that utilized content analysis and
data are presented in simple percentage and ranking. It is likewise found that: (1)
Business Administration Students graduates plan to become management
trainees in Finance and Entrepreneurship and to become new accounts
personnel. (2) Graduates consider interest, availability of the job openings and the
compensation package; and the organizations provisions for the employees
career advancement. (3) Graduating students strengths include inclination for
hard work, ability to work with minimum supervisions, trustworthiness,
determination to succeed, computer literacy, commitment to the profession, selfconfidence, ability to comply with the rules, honesty and insufficient knowledge of
office routine.
Pascual (2014) added that findings revealed the availability of work after
college is the first consideration of students in choosing a course in college. Most
33
of the students prefer to take scientific related field courses or the popular
courses for Filipinos. The least preferred are in the agricultural field. The results
of the study served as the basis in the construction of a career path program for
laboratory school students. The authors conclude the right course in college,
suited to students personality, ability and intellect. Helping students choose the
career that suits them can be done by integrating a career plan with a curriculum
so that students can make good decisions in what course to take in College.
Carito-Mattisor (2010) also conducted a study attempted to identify factors
affecting career uncertainly as perceived by the students in a university of the
Philippines. One hundred thirteen students responded to a brief response
questionnaire in which they were asked to describe experiences that have led
them being either certain or uncertain about future careers, their feelings resulting
certainly or uncertainly. Results suggested that career uncertainly may be
influenced more by outcome expectations (such as expectation of finding high
paying jobs) rather than self-efficacy or other contextual supports and barriers
(such as parental pressure). The data also suggest that information and guidance
received prior to the collegiate years may be an influential factor in career
uncertainly. Suggestions for Career guidance for College Students and future
research into the utility of SCCT in Filipino context are made.
In the other hand, Alba et.al (1010), aimed to evaluate the factors that affect
the students decision in choosing their college courses of the Fourth Year High
School Students of Our Lady of Peace Antipolo City. Particularly, it sought
34
answers to describe the profile of the participants in terms of their sex, academic
performance, family monthly income, parents highest educational attainment and
the number of family members studying. It determined the factors that affect the
participants decision making process with respect to their personal attainment
and family background. It verified the participants decision across factors which
affect them.
Datu (2012), also describes the relationship at the Big Five Personality factors
and the paternal parenting style to career preferences of Selected Filipino College
Freshmen. After Subjecting Data into statistical tool analysis via SPSS 17.0
software, it was revealed that career preference is significantly associated with
gender, neuroticism, and authoritarian paternal parental style were found out to be
predictive determinants of Career Choice.
In contrast, Ignacio (2011), aimed at determining the occupational interest if
75 Fourth year students (53.33 5 females and 46.67 % males) students of Juan
Sumulong Campus as well as the very influence of their parents on their career
decisions. Using both quantitative and qualitative method, major findings were
brought to light and these were the ff: 97.33 % (n=73) of the students had a clear
decision of pursuing college education and 1.33 % (n=1) was clear about taking
up 2-year vocational course and likewise the same percentage was apparent with
another student who opted to work immediately after graduating high school. For
those interested taking-up college education, top degree courses were
Engineering and Accountancy Courses as evidenced by a 1.33 % and 20%
35
respectively highly influenced by their parents and relatives as represented by
264wm, the respondents were able to arrive at their chosen career making use of
their cognitive over and above as revealed 82.67 % to completely reach at a
certain decision. .
Aguado (2015) also revealed that it is the personal choice of the students to
enroll in Maritime Program in Lyceum of the Philippines University Batangas with
the support primarily from their parents wherein quality education through being
known as home of board top-notchers and its standards are considered as big
factor for their decision. They also believed that finishing Maritime Education
would bring them in employment in abroad which is basically the nature of duties
and responsibilities of seafarers; High interest towards the degree program is also
manifested among Maritime Students. Maritime students graduated from public
schools have significantly higher chance of being influenced by the people in
choosing the schools and the degree program and they also have significantly
higher degree of interest towards the Maritime Program compared to those who
graduated from private schools.
Synthesis and Relevance of the Related Literature and Studies

The following related literature and studies showed relatedness and
differences between some past studies and present studies. They provided the
researchers a clearer understanding of the problem with valuable insights into
Factors affecting career preferences.
36
According to Georgia Career Information Center, Careers New Zealand
and Janis, Making and choosing a career path is very critical in every students
life. They also stated that knowing what your interest, skill and using some
scientific steps can help you in choosing your career path. They also added that
people who surround you can help in your decision-making, however, it is still you
who will choose and decide where you are comfortable with.
Mindtools editorial team and Beggs, in the other hand stated that if you are
trying to make the right choice you must consider some factors that can help your
career decision making. This includes rational and emotional level or your
psychological and social importance of your career. Considering these some
factors inside you will be a great help in choosing and making a career decision in
your life.
Taylor, Zody, Wildman and Mihyeon, added some factors that can affect your
career decision making. Academic ability, familys business, family and friends,
and your personality respectively. All of these factors are highly effective in
making your career decisions because these four are like an obligation for you to
obey with no chance of making your own decisions.
K12 Philippines and De Vera address their concerns about the career
preferences by using the new education system of the Philippines which involves
High-school students up to date and called Grade 10. The new Education
System will have a great impact on making their career decision in terms of how
they are interested with it and how will they comply after graduating in our
37
neighboring countries in ASEAN. Therefore, our government will have a very big
role in implementing and ensuring that this K12 system will be successful and can
help students in their career decision making.
Ghuangpeng, Fizer, Ferry, Baines, Laguador and Datu stated in their study
that family and parents decision of career will be a great factor in career decision
making. Family businesses and Parents opinion will lead to selection and will be a
predictor choosing a right career of their sons and daughters.
Olamide, Zaidi, Espero, Cruz-Espanol, Pascual, Carito-Mottisor in the other
side stated that opportunities after college are very large factor in choosing their
career. It includes high salary and the expectations of themselves to the future
working place. They alos preferred having a white collar job than the least salary
wage of being a blue collar job employee. Interest to the job and the career
selection can add also to the factors affecting their career decision making.
Mugonzibwa, Obiunu, Mau and Albugamy stated in their own study that
career counseling will be a great help in choosing a career path. According to
them, this will help students that are still confused of what will they take up with.
This must be practiced by the School Administrators before entering and making a
career decision.
Alba and Datu revealed that demographic profile of students can determine
career decision making. It May vary to some types of people and their social
classes. This includes personality factors such as salary and capability of the
38
family to support the career choice of their sons and daughters. This is common
from the provinces that is limited to resources and money.
Aguado and Ignacio said that personal choice is the great factor in choosing
their career. These are the students that are completely ready and unconfused of
the career they will get in to. High interest in the career is one of the determiner.
Most of these students has a great income support and has a great talent or edge
that can help in their chosen career.
The reviewed literature and studies helped establish the importance of the
study. Most were used to provide background information for the study, especially
in the analysis and interpretation of data. All cited materials encouraged the
researcher to determine the factors affecting career preferences.
Chapter III
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the method of research used, population, sample
size and sampling technique, description of respondents, research instruments,
39
data-gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of data that were utilized by
the researchers.
Methods of Research
The researchers used descriptive method which focuses at the present
condition; the purpose is to find the new truth. Travers (1978), stated that
descriptive method is designed to gather information about present existing
conditions. The primary aims in employing this method are to describe the nature
of a situation as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the causes of
particular phenomena.
This quantitative research is more logical and data-led approach which
provides a measure of what people think from a statistical and numerical point of
view. Quantitative research was used the study for the numerical data gathered in
the questionnaire and interpreted by using scales and tables to know the findings
of the study.
Population, Sample size and Sampling Technique

The total population of freshmen respondents is 314. The sample for this
study was computed through Slovin formula as indicated below:
40
Where:
n
is the computed number of samples
is the total number population
is the margin of error (.05)
n= 314/ (1 + 314 {.05}2 )

n= 314/ (1 + 314 {.0025} )
n= 314/ (1+ 0.785)
n=314/ 1.785
n= 175.910
n= 176
Using the formula, the computed sample is 176. A random sample from each
stratum or section of BSBA- MM was taken in proportion to the stratums size and
the population of 314 freshmen. The subsets of strata are then pooled to form a
random sample, hence, the sampling technique is called stratified random
sampling. This sampling involves the division of a population into smaller groups
known as strata. Strata are formed based on members shared attributes or
characteristics. In this study, the strata are the five (5) sections. In the selection of
each subset, the researcher used purposive sampling because the needed
respondents were students with freshman grades for the first semester of the
school year 2015- 2016.
41
Description of Respondents
The first five (Day-shift) sections of Bachelor of Science in Business
Administration Major in Marketing Management have three hundred fourteen
(314) freshmen students: 65 1D students, 62 2D students, 58 3D students, 65 4D
students and 64 5D students.
The sample size of freshmen students was 176. Every section was equally
divided into: 36 1D students, 35 1D students, 33 3D students, 36 4D students,
and 36 5D students.
Table 1
Frequency distribution Table of Freshmen Dayshift
Marketing Management Students
Stratu
m
Total (N)
Percentage
(%)
Sample
size (n)
1D
2D
3D
4D
5D
Total:
65
62
58
65
64
314
20.7
19.74
18.47
20.7
20.38
99.99 = 100%
36
35
33
36
36
176
Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of freshmen dayshift marketing

Management students. 65 of them came from the class of 1D which comprises of
20.7 percent and a total sample size of 36. 62 came from the class of 2D which
comprises of 19.74 percent and a total sample size of 35. 58 came from the class
42
of 3D which comprises of 18.47 percent and a total sample size of 33. 65 came
from the class of 4D which comprises of 20.7 percent and a total sample size of
36. Lastly, 64 of them came from the class of 5D which comprises of 20.38
percent and a total sample size of 36. The total Population is 314, percentage
with 99.99% rounded off to 100% and a sample size of 176.
Research Instruments
The researchers used research-made survey questionnaire about the
factors affecting career preferences. The test contains five parts with each part
pertaining to each factor that can affect their decisions: (1) Opportunity; (2)
Personality; (3) Environment; (4) Future Work Condition; and (5) Practice
Location.
The survey items were designed to know specifically each view of the
respondents in the factors given by the researchers. Each of the questions have
also been changed from past and recent findings from other researches that were
compiled and revised to fit in with the researchers current study.
The survey comprises 50 items as a whole, divided in 5 parts and with
each part containing 10 items. It is parted into five portions to define in each issue
the researchers have provided to the respondents primarily the common aspects
an individual must face in making his or her decision in the matter of career
preference and factors influencing and affecting these said decisions.
43
Table 2
Ranging System for Weighted Mean
Ranges
4.0 - 3.26
3.25 2.51
2.50 1.76
1.75 1.0
Scale
4
3
2
1
Verbal Interpretation
Strongly Agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Table 2 shows the range of verbal interpretation of the overall weighted

mean of each Factor of Career Preferences.
Data-Gathering Procedure
The topic was proposed on January 12, 2016. With the guide and help of the
researchers adviser, they were able to come up with the title, Factors affecting
career preferences of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. Subsequently,
the researchers visited Ninoy Aquino Library and learning resource center to look
for other theses and research papers related to their topic.
The researchers started to conduct their own researches individually at first from
January 13 to January 16, 2016. On January 26, 2016, they've compiled their
researches as a group. On February 5, 2016, the researchers presented their
proposed questionnaire to their professor then on February 9, 2016, they've
finalized their questionnaires. On February 16 and February 18, 2016, the
44
researchers conducted their survey on the Polytechnic University of the
Philippines Marketing Freshmen Day Shift. On February 20, 21 and 22, they've
tallied and tabulated their questionnaires.
Statistical Treatment of Data

In order to treat the gathered data, the following statistical tools were used
in the study:
Percentage this is used to translate the frequency distribution of two

variables in the study of percent (%). Percentage was used in the study in getting
the sample size needed for the gathering of data.
Weighted Mean this is used to find out the average levels of

agreement of each respondents based on the questionnaire given to them
individually.
Weighted mean was used in the study to get the average level of agreement of
the five factors affecting career preferences.
45
Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter shows the tabular presentation, analysis and interpretation of
data gathered in the study.
Table 3
Weighted Mean distribution of Respondents on Practice Location
46
Indicator
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
My grades will determine my career choice

Socio economic status of student always
affect the students choice of career
I have access to employment in a family
business
I plan to work in a job for a while, then attend
a school or get training
I will have to work for the money needed to
attend any training
I am fully aware of what colleges and
universities have to offer
I will consider working after graduation rather
than make a career choice
I have to motivate myself in making a career
choice
Opportunities and privileges do affect my
career choice
Educational status of parents can affect my
career choice
TOTAL
Weighted
mean
2.856
2.944
Verbal
Interpretation
Agree
Agree
2.508
Agree
2.738
Agree
2.762
Agree
3.14
Agree
2.946
Agree
3.462
Strongly Agree
3.322
Strongly Agree
2.364
Disagree
2.904
Agree
Table 3 shows the opportunity as a factor on career preferences of the

respondents. Indicator 8 got the highest weighted mean with 3.462 and with a verbal
interpretation of Strongly Agree. Followed by indicator 9 with 3.322 and a verbal
interpretation of Strongly Agree. Indicator 6 with a mean 3.14 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Next is Indicator 7 with 2.946 and a verbal interpretation of
Agree. Indicator 2 with 2.944 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Indicator 1 with
2.856 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Indicator 5 with 2.762 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Indicator 4 with 2.738 and a verbal interpretation of Agree.
Indicator 3 with 2.508 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree. Lastly, Indicator 10
with 2.364 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree.
In the Creativity Post, Dr. Heidi Grant Halvorson (2013) points out that there
are two ways people are motivated to achieve work and life goals: We're either
47
motivated primarily with a promotion focus or with a prevention focus. Promotionfocused people see goals are opportunities for rewards and achievementswhat
they'll gain from reaching those goals. They excel at coming up with creative
ideas, working quickly, taking risks, and thinking abstractly, but can also be more
error-prone. Prevention-focused people concentrate on security, fulfilling
responsibilities, and keeping what they've worked so hard for. They excel at
analytic thinking, attention to detail, planning, and anticipating problems, but they
can work slowly and might not embrace change.
Uj
Table 4
Weighted Mean distribution of Respondents on Personality
Indicator
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I have definitely make a career choice

I have no career plans at present
I did/have done career choice on my own
I made the decision choosing my college
course alone
I will choose my career choice based on my
interest in a particular subject
My parents occupations determine my choice
of career
Thinking about career choice now is a waste of
time
My academic ability will determine my career
choice
Once I have my NCAE result, then I can make
a decision on my career choice
Teachers characteristics do influence students
motivation in choosing a career
TOTAL
Weighted
mean
3.078
2.138
2.734
2.902
Verbal interpretation
2.988
Agree
2.252
Disagree
1.954
Disagree
2.770
Agree
2.256
Disagree
2.760
Agree
2.583
Agree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Agree
48
Table 4 shows the Personality as a factor on career preferences of the
respondents. Indicator 1 got the highest weighted mean of 3.078 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Followed by indicator 5 with 2.988 and a verbal
Indicator 8 with 2.770 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Next, Indicator 10 with
interpretation of Agree. Indicator 9 with 2.256 and a verbal interpretation of
Disagree. Indicator 6 with 2.252 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree. Indicator
2 with 2.138 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree.
Lastly, Indicator 7 with 1.954 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree.

Ignacio, in their study used both quantitative and qualitative method, major
findings were brought to light and these were the ff: 97.33 % of the students had a
clear decision of pursuing college education and 1.33 % was clear about taking
up 2-year vocational course and likewise the same percentage was apparent with
another student who opted to work immediately after graduating high school.
Table 5
Weighted Mean distribution of Respondents on Environment
49
Indicator
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
0
My parents had/will have a great influence in my

career choice
Teachers are/have been the greatest influence in
my career
Freshmen college students can be influenced by
their peers in making career choice
Councilors are/have been the greatest influence
in my career choice
Deviant behavior of different students in career
choice are influenced by the peer groups
Money has been an issue in choosing a career
Moving with students in tertiary institutions do
affect students career choice
Living in a low socio economic environment can
affect the choice of career among students
My parents chose my subjects
Governmental policies do affect choice of career
among secondary school students
TOTAL
Weighte
d mean
2.920
Verbal
interpretation
Agree
2.628
Agree
2.852
Agree
2.382
Disagree
2.604
Agree
2.920
2.598
Agree
Agree
2.640
Agree
2.072
2.422
Disagree
Disagree
2.604
Agree
Table 5 shows the Environment as a factor on career preferences of the

respondents. Indicator 1 and 6 both got the highest weighted mean with 2.920 and a
verbal interpretation of Agree. Followed by Indicator 3 with 2.852
and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Indicator 8 with 2.640 and a verbal
Indicator 5 with 2.604 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Indicator 7 with 2.598
interpretation of Disagree. Indicator 4 with 2.328 and a verbal interpretation of
Disagree. Lastly, Indicator 9 with 2.072 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree.
Baines (2009) in their study, results reveal that there are many
commonalities between students from different continents such as the importance
of personal interest and parents. Whilst there are also differences it would not be
appropriate. As the study is based at a single institution that research strategy
50
does not allow for wider generalization, but provides an important insight into the
career decision making of international students.
Table 6
Weighted Mean distribution of Respondents on Future Working Condition
Indicator
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I will consider expectation to inherit practice of

my parents or relatives in choosing my career
I will consider the income I will get in my choice
of career
Working time allotted will be considered in
choosing my career
The safety of every employee will be considered
in my career choice
Ease of opening practice will be considered in
my choice of career
The companys appearance and ventilation will
be considered in my choice of career
Companys health care condition will be a great
influence in choosing my career
Incentives and bonuses of company will help in
choosing my career
I will consider attainable lifestyle in my choice of
career
Weighted
mean
2.814
Verbal
interpretation
Agree
3.216
Agree
3.002
Agree
3.192
Agree
3.108
Agree
3.164
Agree
3.178
Agree
3.258
Strongly Agree
3.262
Strongly Agree
51
1
0
Compensation to work employees affect my

career choice
TOTAL
3.062
Agree
3.133
Agree
Table 6 shows the Future work condition as a factor on career preferences of

the respondents. Indicator 9 got the highest weighted mean with 3.262 and a
verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. Followed by Indicator 8 with 3.258 and a
verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. Indicator 2 with 3.216 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Indicator 10 with 3.062 and a verbal interpretation of
Agree. Indicator 3 with 3.002 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Lastly, Indicator
1 with 2.814 and a verbal interpretation of Agree.
APA (2016) states that lifestyle changes are a process that take time and
require support. Once youre ready to make a change, the difficult part is
committing and following through. So do your research and make a plan that will
prepare you for success. Careful planning means setting small goals and taking
things one step at a time. Here are five tips from the American Psychological
Association to help you make lasting, positive lifestyle and behavior changes: (a)
Make a plan that will stick, (b) start small, (c) change one behavior at a time, (d)
Involve a buddy and (e) ask for support.
52
Indicator
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
My hometown is a great influence upon choosing my

career
Educational environment for children is a great factor
for my practice location
Income affects my career preference
Career development is considered in my choice of
career
I will consider the research environment of practice
location
Teaching opportunities greatly affects my choice of
career
Community atmosphere determine my career choice
I will consider the lifestyle of employees in my
practice location
The possibility of inheriting practice of any
parent/relative
My parents residence affects my preference of career
TOTAL
Weighted
mean
2.774
Verbal
interpretation
Agree
3.082
Agree
3.148
3.162
Agree
Agree
2.864
Agree
3.008
Agree
3.010
3.068
Agree
Agree
2.930
Agree
2.730
2.978
Agree
Agree
Table 7
Weighted Mean distribution of Respondents on Practice Location.
53
Table 7 shows the Practice location as a factor on career preferences of the
respondents. Indicator 4 got the highest weighted mean with 3.162 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Followed by Indicator 3 with 3.148 and a verbal interpretation
of Agree. Indicator 2 with 3.082 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Indicator 8 with
interpretation of Agree. Indicator 6 with 3.008 and a verbal
and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Lastly, Indicator 5 with 2.664 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree.
According to Corner (2015) The benefits of creating and growing a culture of
career development and learning are obvious. But as youre encouraging career
development culture you must be aware of two things: (1) What balance of
isolated career development (trainings, classes, etc.) vs. social career
development (mentoring programs, coaching, social learning, etc.) exists in your
organization. (2) What pre-existing conditions may limit the way career
development is able to occur.
Table 8
Overall weighted mean of the Factors affecting career
preferences
Preferences
Gen. Weighted
Mean
54
Opportunity
2.904
Agree
Personality
2.583
Agree
Environment
2.604
Agree
Future work Condition
3.133
Agree
Practice Location
2.978
Agree
Table 8 shows the Overall Weighted mean of the Factors affecting career
Preferences. Future working condition factor got the highest general weighted
mean with 3.133 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Followed by Practice
Location with 2.978 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Opportunity with 2.904
and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Next, Environment with 2.604 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Lastly, Personality with 2.638 and a verbal interpretation of
Agree.
Wood stated that many jobs are open to graduates of any degree subject,
and it's important not to only focus on the jobs related to your degree. Early in your
course you should look at the Work Experience open to you. As well as allowing
you to earn money, they may allow you to gain relevant skills and perhaps an
insight into the types of job you are interested in, putting you at the head of the
queue when you eventually apply for jobs. Schmitz added that before you can look
for a job, you need to have an idea of what job market you are in. For hundreds of
industries and specific jobs it tells you the training and education you need, what
you will earn and what your job prospects are, what the work entails, and what the
55
working conditions are like. Charlton created an article posted by the UK firm
Adecco reports that more employers are actively seeking personalities that fit their
company environment in addition to skills and qualificationsthats not that
surprising. But, recent research has [also] shown that choosing a job to which you
are inherently suited rather than just able to convince the interviewer you are
interested in will make you a happier, more productive employee.
Travers stated that It is hardly surprising then that understanding your
personality type and taking it into consideration when looking at career
opportunities can influence how enjoyable you might find a particular role or career.
Using personality profiles can give you an insight into careers that might suit you,
they can add to the composite picture you are building of yourself, but they are
only part of the answer. Personality needs to be considered along with your
motivations, circumstances, skills and opportunities to help you identify a satisfying
career path. Parent stated that Finding a career that best fits your personality
profile may be a factor to consider when thinking about professional success. Their
job is not a chore to be endured but a vehicle to exercise their talents. They
achieve the most important of things in job satisfaction: "a fit" with who they are.
Veneble stated that our culture often shapes our values and expectations as they
relate to many parts of our lives, including jobs and careers. We cant attribute the
predominant characteristics of a culture to any one of its individuals, but having an
awareness of the values and expectations of our culture may help us understand
how we make our career choices.
56
Lombardo also stated that Social factors can have a huge impact on the
occupation an individual chooses to attain. Personality, attitudes, and lifestyle all
fall within the definition of social factors. In addition, finding role models in an
individual's formative years can help with choosing an occupation as well. Hansen
added that there are a number of external forces in the macro environment of all
organizations, including demographic forces, economics forces, natural forces,
technological forces, political forces, competitive forces, and social/cultural
forces. We also call these forces uncontrollable since they are out of the control of
managers, but this manner of thinking may be a misleading because with the
proper amount of environmental scanning and preparation, we may be able to
exert some control over these forces or at least control the impact of these
forces.
Dye stated that many careers are affected by geography, which can play a
factor in career choices in a number of ways. For some, location is the first factor in
career choice, as they first choose where to live and then look for available career
options there. Khare added that students from rural and urban schools had
different educational cultures. Even though students considering careers may all
be American, they look at the choices and possibilities differently if they live in New
York than they do if they come from Deadwood.
57
Chapter V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATIONS
This chapter presents brief summary of this study, the findings, the
conclusions and recommendations.
Summary
This Study was conducted to determine the factors affecting career preference
of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Marketing Management Students.
Specifically, it sought the answers to the following questions: (1) What are the
levels of agreement in terms of the following factors: (a) Opportunity, (b)
Personality, (c) Environment, (d) Future Work Condition and (e) Practice Location.
The descriptive research method was used. The respondents were 176 PUP
Marketing Management Freshmen, who were given a career preference test.
Findings
58
59
1. Future working condition factor got a general weighted mean of 3.133
and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Practice Location with 2.978 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Opportunity with 2.904 and a verbal interpretation of
Agree. Next, Environment with 2.604 and a verbal interpretation of Agree.
Personality with 2.638 and a verbal interpretation of Agree.
Conclusion
1. Opportunity has a verbal interpretation of Agree, Personality has a verbal
interpretation of Agree, Environment has a verbal interpretation of Agree, Future
Working condition has a verbal interpretation of Agree, Practice location has a
verbal interpretation of Agree.
Recommendation
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations were drawn:
1.
The
Administration
must
conduct
seminars
for
the
students and come up for more exciting programs and orientations that can help
the students to choose the right career preference for them. And that can also
make them excel.
2. PUP Faculty Members has a vital role in students' career preference. That
is why they should know how to motivate and encourage the students on
choosing their career preference. And give the students more information about
different careers.
3. The PUP Marketing Management students must know the career that
suits to their passions, skills interest and other factors and they must also choose
a career that they want to be with in their future.
4. The future researchers must improve what the present researchers
revealed in this study. They must widen the range of the study and keep on
striving about career related researches for further understanding about career
decision making.
5. Parents has one of the big influences in the career choice of the students.
That is why parents should motivate and support their child on their career choice.
And parents should not pursue their child to choose a career that they don't want.
Work Cited
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APPENDICS A: Sample Questionnaire

FACTORS AFFECTING CAREER PREFERENCES OF THE
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MARKETING
MANAGEMENT STUDENTS
Dear Respondents:
This survey checklist aims to gather the different views from the students of
the Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa regarding the factors
affecting career preferences. Rest assured that the data that will be received shall
be treated with utmost confidentiality. We are conducting a study on Factors
Affecting Career Preferences of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Marketing Management Students; your honest opinion remains to be the key
towards the success of this study.
63
64
Name: (Optional) __________________ Position: _____________________________

Course: __________________________ Year: _______________________________
Scale
Strongly Agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Part I Effects of opportunity on career preferences among marketing freshmen students.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
STATEMENT
My grades will determine my career
choice
Socio economic status of student always
affect the students choice of career
I have access to employment in a family
business
I plan to work in a job for a while, then
attend a school or get training
I will have to work for the money needed
to attend any training
I am fully aware of what colleges and
universities have to offer
I will consider working after graduation
rather than make a career choice
I have to motivate myself in making a
career choice
Opportunities and privileges do affect my
65
10
career choice
Educational status of parents can affect
my career choice
Part II Effects of personality on career preferences among marketing freshmen students.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
STATEMENT
I have definitely make a career choice
I have no career plans at present
I did/have done career choice on my own
I made the decision choosing my college
course alone
I will choose my career choice based on my
interest in a particular subject
My parents occupations determine my choice
of career
Thinking about career choice now is a waste of
time
My academic ability will determine my career
choice
Once I have my NCAE result, then I can make
a decision on my career choice
Teachers characteristics do influence
students motivation in choosing a career
Part III Effects of environment on career preferences among marketing freshmen

students.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
STATEMENT
My parents had/will have a great influence in
my career choice
Teachers are/have been the greatest influence
in my career
Freshmen college students can be influenced
by their peers in making career choice
Councilors are/have been the greatest
influence in my career choice
Deviant behavior of different students in career
choice are influenced by the peer groups
Money has been an issue in choosing a career
Moving with students in tertiary institutions do
affect students career choice
66
8
9
1
0
Living in a low socio economic environment can

affect the choice of career among students
My parents chose my subjects
Governmental policies do affect choice of
career among secondary school students
Part IV Effects of future work condition in career preferences among marketing

freshmen students.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
0
STATEMENT
I will consider expectation to inherit practice of
my parents or relatives in choosing my career
I will consider the income I will get in my choice
of career
Working time allotted will be considered in
choosing my career
The safety of every employee will be
considered in my career choice
Ease of opening practice will be considered in
my choice of career
The companys appearance and ventilation will
be considered in my choice of career
Companys health care condition will be a great
influence in choosing my career
Incentives and bonuses of company will help in
choosing my career
I will consider attainable lifestyle in my choice
of career
Compensation to work employees affect my
career choice
Part V Effects of Practice Location on career preferences among marketing freshmen

students.
1
2
STATEMENT
My hometown is a great influence upon
choosing my career
Educational environment for children is a great
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
0
factor for my practice location

Income affects my career preference
Career development is considered in my choice
of career
I will consider the research environment of
practice location
Teaching opportunities greatly affects my
choice of career
Community atmosphere determine my career
choice
I will consider the lifestyle of employees in my
practice location
The possibility of inheriting practice of any
parent/relative
My parents residence affects my preference of
career
APPENDICS B: Pictures
67
68
APPENDICS C: Curriculum Vitae
Name: Rick Abram V. Del Rosario

Age: 18
69
Address: Lot13 Blk3 St. Mathew square
Guinayang, San Mateo, Rizal
Contact no: 09753426590
E-mail Address: delrosariorick21@gmail.com
Educational background:
Elementary: Kids World Christian Academy
High-School: Roosevelt College Rodrigu
Achievements:
Top 4 (Elementary)
Best Research Paper (High-School)
Rizal Provincial meet Player (Volleyball)
Rizal Private School Meet (Volleyball & Basketball)
PUP CBA Volleyball Player
Name: Christy M. Bunquin

Age: 17
Address: GSIS Metrohomes Bldg. 2, 3DE9
Anonas St, Sta. Mesa, Manila
Contact no: 09056143892
E-mail Address: buinquinchristy8@gmail.com
70
Elementary: Isidro Suzara Memorial High-School
High-School: Puerto Galera National High-School
Achievements:
4th honorable mention (Elementary)
Name: Jamie Jen I. Codilan

Age: 16
Address: 35 G.E. Hermosa Street,
Pateros, Metro Manila
Contact no: 09192136091
E-mail Address: jhayxxsenciichi@yahoo.com
71
Elementary: Saint Genevieve School of Pateros
High-School: Saint Genevieve School of Pateros
Achievements:
6th honorable mention (High-School)
6th place (Journalism Contest Division)
Name: Iris Princess B. Enguerra

Age: 17
Address: Blk. 5 Lot 8 Towerville 6-BH
Brgy. Gaya-Gaya, San Jose
Del Monte, Bulacan
Contact no: 09481122787
E-mail Address: enguerris@gmail.com
Elementary: San Vicente Elementary School
72
High-School: Graceville National High School
Achievements:
Top 5 (Kinder)
Top 10 (Elementary)
Top 10 (High School)
School-Based Prescon (News Writing)
Name: Love Clariel L. Gonzales

Age: 16
Address: 017B Parada St. Brgy San
Roque Cainta, Rizal
Contact no: 09228463908
E-mail Address: loveclariel@gmail.com
Elementary: Lords Jewel Christian School

High-School: Francisco P. Felix Memorial Natl High School
73
Achievements:
1st Place Science Quiz bee (High School)
3rd Place Math Quiz bee (High School)
2nd Place Literary (High School)
2nd Place Interpretative Dance (High School)
Name: Rainie An P. Gratela

Age: 17
Address: 24-A Estacio Subd. Brgy.
Martinez Del 96, Pateros
Metro Manila
Contact no: 09357000757
E-mail Address: rainie_gratela@yahoo.com
Elementary: Pitogo Elementary School
High-School: Pitogo High School
Achievements:
Top 7 (Elementary)
Speech Choir Champion (High School)
74
1st place Markstrife (College)
JME ExeCom Officer (College)
Name: Cheenee D. Hung

Age: 16
Address: 2263 Iridium Street Sta Ana,
Manila
Contact no: 09238070481
E-mail Address: hungcheenee@yahoo.com
Elementary: Margarita Roxas de Ayala Elementary School
High-School: Ignacio Borbon Villamor High School
Achievements:
75
Name: Alexandra Kate Largado

Age: 17
Address: 15 road 5 San Miguel Ridge
Marulas, Valenzuela City
Contact no: 09266609067
E-mail Address: alexandrakate.largado@yahoo.com

Elementary: San Miguel Heights Elementary School

High-School: Sto. Rosario Montessori School
Achievements:
2nd honorable mention (High school)
Best in Filipino (High School)
76
Name: Abbegail C. Marzan

Age: 17
Address: 11 E. Hermosa St. Grem
Village Brgy. San Roque, Pateros
Metro Manila
Contact no: 09167645561
E-mail Address: glmrzn@yahoo.com
Elementary: P. Manalo Elementary School

High-School: Pateros National High School
Achievements:
2nd Honorable mention (Elementary)
77
Name: Carl Kevin V. Penalosa

Age: 17
Address: 2327 Tenorio St. Sta Ana
Manila
Contact no: 09054235534
E-mail Address: penalosacarlkevin@yahoo.com
Elementary: Sta. Ana Elementary School

High-School: Gen. Pio Del Pilar National High School
Achievements:
Best Play as Romeo and Juliet (High School)
1st runner up AMA idols (College)
Power Impact Dancers Member (College)
Champion Smart Jump-in Dance off 3 (College)
78
Name: Audrey Monique B. Silvano

Age: 17
Address: 12-B Maayusin Street Brgy.
San Vicente, Diliman, QC
Contact no: 09066495583
E-mail Address: audreysilvano14@gmail.com
Elementary: San Vicente Elementary School

High-School: Ramon Magsaysay High School
Achievements:
1st Place Alay ng rotary sa araw ng kabataan (High school)
79
80

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P O LY T E C H N I C U N I V E R S I T Y O F T H E P H I L I P P I N E S

FACTORS AFFECTING CAREER PREFERENCES OF THE

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Rick Abram V. Del Rosario

Jamie Jen I. Codilan

Alexandra Kate Largado

Iris Princess B. Enguerra

Love Clariel L. Gonzales

Carl Kevin V. Penalosa

Audrey Monique B. Silvano

Factors affecting Career preferences of the Polytechnic University of

Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Marketing

Institution: Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Prof. John Hayrold C. Malonzo

The test was

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50

marketing management students

Ranging System for Weighted Mean

Weighted Mean distribution of Respondents on

Weighted Mean distribution of Respondents on

Weighted Mean distribution of Respondents on

Weighted Mean distribution of Respondents on

Weighted Mean distribution of Respondents on

Overall weighted mean of the Factors affecting career

Hollands theory of Career..

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

What are the levels of agreement in terms of the following factors on

Scope and Limitations

Significance of the Study

Synthesis and Relevance of the Related Literature and Studies

Population, Sample size and Sampling Technique

is the computed number of samples

is the total number population

is the margin of error (.05)

n= 314/ (1 + 314 {.05}2 )

Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of freshmen dayshift marketing

Table 2 shows the range of verbal interpretation of the overall weighted

Statistical Treatment of Data

Percentage this is used to translate the frequency distribution of two

Weighted Mean this is used to find out the average levels of

My grades will determine my career choice

Table 3 shows the opportunity as a factor on career preferences of the

I have definitely make a career choice

Lastly, Indicator 7 with 1.954 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree.

My parents had/will have a great influence in my

Table 5 shows the Environment as a factor on career preferences of the

I will consider expectation to inherit practice of

Compensation to work employees affect my

Table 6 shows the Future work condition as a factor on career preferences of

My hometown is a great influence upon choosing my

Future work Condition

APPENDICS A: Sample Questionnaire

Name: (Optional) __________________ Position: _____________________________

Part I Effects of opportunity on career preferences among marketing freshmen students.

Part II Effects of personality on career preferences among marketing freshmen students.

Part III Effects of environment on career preferences among marketing freshmen

Living in a low socio economic environment can

Part IV Effects of future work condition in career preferences among marketing

Part V Effects of Practice Location on career preferences among marketing freshmen

factor for my practice location

Name: (Optional) Position: ___________