Adverb

Os advrbios* adicionam informaes sobre um verbo

(1), um adjetivo (2), um outro advrbio (3), um
particpio (4) ou uma orao completa (5). Pode-se
dizer que eles descrevem ou modificam (limitam o
significado de) essas palavras, podendo ser divididos
em:
Advrbios simples: formados por uma s palavra
(rarely, seldon, here, sometimes, etc.);
Locues adverbiais (Adverbial Phrases): com
mais de uma palavra (in this room, once every
month, etc.).

 Jane drives carefully. (How does Jane drive?

Carefully. it says how Jane drives, so it is an
adverb of mood)
Their children never go out. (When do their
children go out? Never. it says when their
children go out, so it is an adverb of time)
We will sleep here until we find a safer place.
(Where are we going to sleep? Here. it says
Where we are going to sleep, so it is an adverb of
place)
1. Quando modificam o verbo, os advrbios
servem como reposta a trs perguntas: How?
(Como),When? (Quando?) e Where? (Onde?).

 Jane is especially careful in fog. (How careful is

Jane in fog? Especially. it says how careful
Jane is, so it is an adverb of mood)
My extremely ugly dog likes very old bones. (How
ugly is my dog? Extremely. How old are the
bones? Very. it says how much the dog is and
how old the bones are, so they are adverbs of
intensity)

2. Quando modificam o adjetivo, os advrbios

servem como resposta pergunta How [much]?
(Como?).

 Jane doesn't drive particularly slowly. (How slowly

doesn't Jane drive? Particularly. it says how
slowly Jane drives, so it is an adverb of mood)
Machado de Assis is a very well-known Brazilian
writer. (How well is he known? Very. it says how
well-known Machado is, so it is an adverb of
intensity)
3. Quando modificam outro advrbio, os advrbios
servem como resposta a pergunta How?
(Quo?)

 What is more, Jane is always so well prepared

to a trip, too. (Nesta orao, prepared o
particpio do verbo to prepare, que est
sendo modificado pelo advrbio well.)
4. The meeting was badly organized.
(Organized particpio do verbo to
organize, sendo modificado pelo advrbio
badly.)

A. Obviously, I can't know everything.

B. Strangely, the man left the room.
5. Os advrbios obviously e strangely esto
modificando o sentido geral da orao a que se
referem, e, na maior parte das vezes,
expressam a opinio de quem as emite.
Observe que as duas oraes acima poderiam
ser reescritas, ficando assim:

A. It's obvious that I can't know everything. (A

obviedade uma opinio da pessoa que falou
(o emissor/locutor), mas, para outras pessoas,
talvez a impossibilidade de saber tudo no
fosse to bvia assim).
B. It's strange that the man had left the room.
(Para outras pessoas, no entanto, talvez a
sada do homem possa ter parecido bem
normal).
Portanto, h uma opinio expressa quando o
advrbio est modificando a orao inteira. Esses
advrbios so chamados de Comment/ viewpoint
Adverbs.

USES
Alguns advrbios podem, no raro, aparecer
como modificadores de outras partes da orao:

a. De um substantivo:
Ex.: Only Stacie achieved a good score in
the card game. (Stacie = substantivo,
sendo modificado por only.)

b. De uma locuo prepositiva:

Ex.: She arrived just in the nick of time. (in the
nick of time = locuo prepositiva, modificada
por just).

Ex.: The scarecrow was placed right in the

middle of the corn field. (in the middle of the
corn field = locuo prepositiva, modificada por
right.

c. De um determinante (numeral ou
pronome):
Ex.: In Brazil, the new transit law has already
decreased over fifty deaths a day. (fifty =
numeral, sendo modificado por over).
Ex.: Nearly everyone came for my birthday
party. (everyone = pronome, sendo modificado
por nearly).

1. Some empregado basicamente em

oraes afirmativas, enquanto any usado
em perguntas (mas no em todas) ou em
oraes negativas:
Ex: Do you have any doubt?
He got some bad grades.
There aren't any good beaches here.
I didn't buy any fruit.

2. Some usado em perguntas apenas

quando se trata de um oferecimento ou
pedido ou quando esperamos que a
resposta seja afirmativa:
Ex: Would you like some coffee?
I'm thirsty. Can I have some water,
please?

A. Can you lend me some money?

B. Sure. How much do you need?

3. Any usado em frases afirmativas quando:

A. Aparecer aps as conjunes if e whether:
Ex: If you have any doubt, ask me.
B. Significar qualquer:
Ex:

Take any book you need.

C. Houver palavra de sentido negativo na frase, como

seldom, never, rarely, without, hardly, barely,
scarcely, little, etc.:
Ex:

He rarely has any free time.

We seldom see any flower in their garden.
My mother never buys any soft drink at the
supermarket.

4. Some e any sem substantivo:

Ex: I didn't take any photographs, but Martha took
some. (= some photographs).
Ex: You can have some coffee, but I don't want any.
(= any coffee)
5. Some e any podem ser adjetivos ou pronomes:
Ex:

I want some apples. (adjetivo)

I want some. (pronome indefinido)
I don't want any apples. (adjetivo)
I don't want any. (pronome indefinido)