5/14/2010

PERENCANAAN & PENGOPERASIAN ANGKUTAN

UMUM

Fleet Reduction due to Shortened route:

Network Planning & Operational design

ALVINSYAH
CENTER FOR TRANSPORT STUDIES
Universitas Indonesia

X = 0.4

Co

= Corridor capacity (in terms of passengers per

peak hour per direction or pphpd)
Nsp = Number of stopping bays
X
= Saturation level
3,600 = Number of seconds in an hour
Td
= Dwell time
Dir
= Percentage of vehicles that are limitedstop
or express vehicles
Cb
= Capacity of the vehicle
Ren = Renovation rate
T1
= Average boarding and alighting time per
passenger

Average commercial
speed
p
((25 kph)
p )

Saturation of
approximately 40 % or less

5/14/2010

vehicle capacity from vehicle length

Dwell timefrom vehicle length

Required vehicle capacity

Saturation level < 40 %.
Vehicle size based on the
maximum passenger load on the
critical link

Vehicle frequency = 1 minute;

load factor = 0.85 or below;
corridor demand = 15,000 pphpd;
stopping bay/station = 2

Corridor Operational Fleet Size

Impacts of vehicle-platform interface and vehicle size on capacity

Factors for operational fleet size:

Peak passenger demand at the critical point along a corridor
Total travel time to complete a full travel cycle along the corridor
Capacity of vehicle.

5/14/2010

Multiple stopping bays

Stopping bay saturation level:

X = Saturation level at a stopping bay
Td = Dwell time (seconds)
F = Frequency (vehicles per hour)
Pb = Total number of passengers boarding (passengers)
Tb = Average boarding time per passenger (seconds)
Pa = Total number of passengers alighting (passengers)
Ta = Average alighting time per passengers (seconds)

Co = 3*Nsp*K

As saturation increases
increases, more stopping bays will likely be needed

Co = 3Co

Impacts of limited-stop and express

services on Corridor capacity

Optimum route number :

NR = 0.06 * ( NS * F )

Number of stopping bays (Nsp) = 3; Vehicle length (L) = 18

metres; Dwell time (Td) = 10 + L/6 = 13 seconds; 1 Dir
(percent of limited-stop services) = 1 0.5 = 0.5

0.5

NR = Optimum number of routes

NS = Number of stations along corridor (in one direction)
F = Frequency (vehicles per hour)

Average dwell time for limited-stop services = 13 * 0.5 = 7.5;

Vehicle capacity = 160 passengers; Renovation rate = 0.25;
Average boarding and alighting time per passenger = 0.3
seconds

5/14/2010

Station spacing

Td = ( 10 / m ) + ( L / 4 )
Average number of vehicles per convoy (m)
Number of Door per vehicle (L)

Doptx = [g1 * (Cx+ g2 * Cmax ) / Pkx ] 0.5

X = Td * F + [ ( PB * Tb ) + ( Pa * Ta ) ]
Articulated vehicles with four, 1.1 metre-wide doors; Pb = 2,000
passengers; Pa = 1,500 passengers; F = 100 vehicles per hour

1. No convoy scenario
Ta = 0.75 * 2 / (1 + 4) = 0.3
seconds/passenger
Tb = 0.5 * 2 / (1 + 4) = 0.2
seconds/passenger
Td = 10 + (18 / 4) = 14.5 seconds/vehicle
X = [14.5 * 100 + (0.3*2,000 + 0.2*1,500)] /
3,600 seconds/hour
= 0.653

2. Convoy scenario
Two vehicles in non-ordered convoy
m = 1.33
Ta = 0.3 * 3 / (2+1.33) = 0.27
seconds/passenger
Tb = 0.2 * 3 / (2+1.33) = 0.18
seconds/passenger
Td = (10 / 1.33) + (18 / 4) = 12.2
seconds/vehicle
X = [12.2 * 100 + (0.27 * 2,000 + 0.18 *
1,500)] / 3,600 seconds/hour
= 0.566

Doptx = Optimum distance between stops in a particular area x

Cx = Peak hour bi-directional demand (crossing volume/hour) on point x
Cmax = Peak hour uni-directional maximum demand of lines that stop on stations x
Pkx = Bi-directional density of passengers boarding and alighting near point x

g2
g1

= A constant that reflects travel cost constants divided by walking cost constants
= 4 * ( Cst / Csw ) * Vw * Tob

Cst = the value of walking time (US$ / walking time)

Csw = the value of time for transit passengers (US$ / transit system time)
Vw = walking speed (km hour)
Tob = Dwell time lost at each station (excluding boarding and alighting time)

Example
assumptions :
Cst / Csw = 0.5 (i.e., people value transit time twice as much as walking time)
Vw
= 4 kph
Tob
= 30 seconds = 1/120 hours
G2
= 0.4
Cx
= 7,000 passengers per hour
Cmax
= 9,000 passengers per hour
Pkx
= 2,500 passengers / kph
Based on assumptions:
g1
= 4*0.5*4/120 = 0.067 km
Doptx = [ 0.067 * ( 7,000 + 0.4 * 9,000 ) / 2,500 ] 0.5
= 0.533 km
= 533 metres
(This example assumed that passengers will value time on the transit vehicle
more than walking time. This preference is not always the case, especially in
areas with a high-quality walking environment.